Refocusing on the etiology and pathology of retinal vein occlusion to guide clinical practice_Chinese Journal of Ocular Fundus Diseases

Authors：

 Li Xiaoxin , Bai Yujing

Xiamen Eye Centre of Xiamen University, Translational Medicine Institute of Xiamen Eye Centre of Xiamen University, Eye Institute of Huaxia Eye Hospital Group, Xiamen 361001, China;

Corresponding author：

Li Xiaoxin, Email: dr_lixiaoxin@163.com

Keywords：

Retinal vein occlusion/etiology; Retinal vein occlusion/pathology; Retinal vein occlusion/therapy; Editorial

DOI：

10.3760/cma.j.issn.1005-1015.2018.03.001

Video：

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Retinal vein occlusion (RVO) is the second visual threatening retinal disorders followed by diabetic retinopathy in the elderly. In the past decades, increasing knowledge of the natural history, aetiology and risk factors, medical management investigation, together with the support of high level evidence-based medical evidence and the results of real-world clinical trials play key roles in guiding the clinical practice. However, without understanding the pathogenesis and pathogeny of the disease, it is difficult to implement a comprehensive, precise and personalized treatment strategy for the RVO patients. It is of significance in the clinic to discuss the pathological process of RVO, analyze the etiological characteristics of the disease, reveal the clinical outcomes, which aim to facility the optimal treatment and follow-up procedure for the patients.

Citation： Li Xiaoxin, Bai Yujing. Refocusing on the etiology and pathology of retinal vein occlusion to guide clinical practice. Chinese Journal of Ocular Fundus Diseases, 2018, 34(3): 205-207. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1005-1015.2018.03.001 Copy

1.	Wong TY, Scott IU. Clinical practice: retinal-vein occlusion[J]. N Engl J Med, 2010, 363(22): 2135-2144. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMcp1003934.
2.	Jaulim A, Ahmed B, Khanam T, et al. Branch retinal vein occlusion: epidemiology, pathogenesis, risk factors, clinical features, diagnosis, and complications: an update of the literature[J]. Retina, 2013, 33: 901-110. DOI: 10.1097/IAE.0b013e3182870c15.
3.	沈丽君, 吴素兰. 视网膜分支静脉阻塞以及继发黄斑水肿治疗现状困惑与思考[J]. 中华眼底病杂志, 2017, 33(2): 114-118. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1005-1015.2017.02.002.Shen LJ, Wu SL.Rethinking strategies for the treatment of branch retinal vein occlusion and secondary macular edema[J]. Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis, 2017, 33(2): 114-118. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1005-1015.2017.02.002.
4.	Daruich A, Matet A, Moulin A, et al. Mechanisms of macular edema: beyond the surface[J]. Prog Retin Eye Res, 2018, 63: 20-68. DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2017.10.006.
5.	Ascaso FJ, Huerva V, Grzybowski A. The role of inflammation in the pathogenesis of macular edema secondary to retinal vascular diseases[J/OL]. Mediators Inflamm, 2014, 2014: 432685[2014-07-22]. https://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/432685. DOI: 10.1155/2014/432685.
6.	Fong AC, Schatz H. Central retinal vein occlusion in young adults[J]. Surv Ophthalmol, 1993, 37(6): 393-417.
7.	The Branch Vein Occlusion Study Group. Argon laser photocoagulation for macular edema in branch vein occlusion[J]. Am J Ophthalmol, 1984, 98(3): 271-282.
8.	Christoffersen NL, Larsen M. Pathophysiology and hemodynamics of branch retinal vein occlusion[J]. Ophthalmology, 1999, 106(11): 2054-2062.
9.	Scott IU, Ip MS, VanVeldhuisen PC, et al; SCORE Study Research Group. A randomized trial comparing the efficacy and safety of intravitreal triamcinolone with standard care to treat vision loss associated with macular Edema secondary to branch retinal vein occlusion: the Standard Care vs Corticosteroid for Retinal Vein Occlusion (SCORE) study report 6[J]. Arch Ophthalmol, 2009, 127(9): 1115-1128.DOI: 10.1001/archophthalmol.2009.233.
10.	Haller JA, Bandello F, Belfort R Jr, et al; Ozurdex GENEVA Study Group. Randomized, sham-controlled trial of dexamethasone intravitreal implant in patients with macular edema due to retinal vein occlusion[J]. Ophthalmology, 2010, 117(6): 1134-1146. DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2010.03.032.
11.	Haller JA, Bandello F, Belfort R Jr, et al; Ozurdex GENEVA Study Group. Dexamethasone intravitreal implant in patients with macular edema related to branch or central retinal vein occlusion twelve-month study results[J]. Ophthalmology, 2011, 118(12): 2453-2460. DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2011.05.014.
12.	Campochiaro PA, Heier JS, Feiner L, et al; BRAVO Investigators. Ranibizumab for macular edema following branch retinal vein occlusion: six-month primary end point results of a phase Ⅲ study[J]. Ophthalmology, 2010, 117(6): 1102-1112. DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2010.02.021.
13.	Heier JS, Campochiaro PA, Yau L, et al. Ranibizumab for macular edema due to retinal vein occlusions: long-term follow-up in the HORIZON trial[J]. Ophthalmology, 2012, 119(4): 802-809. DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2011.12.005.
14.	Campochiaro PA, Clark WL, Boyer DS, et al. Intravitreal aflibercept for macular edema following branch retinal vein occlusion: the 24-week results of the VIBRANT study[J]. Ophthalmology, 2015, 122(3): 538-544. DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2014.08.031.
15.	Campochiaro PA, Brown DM, Awh CC, et al. Sustained benefits from ranibizumab for macular edema following central retinal vein occlusion: twelve-month outcomes of a phase Ⅲ study[J]. Ophthalmology, 2011, 118(10): 2041-2049. DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2011.02.038.
16.	Boyer D, Heier J, Brown DM, et al. Vascular endothelial growth factor Trap-Eye for macular edema secondary to central retinal vein occlusion: six-month results of the phase 3 COPERNICUS study[J]. Ophthalmology, 2012, 119(11): 1024-1032. DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2012.01.042.
17.	Holz FG, Roider J, Ogura Y, et al. VEGF Trap-Eye for macular oedema secondary to central retinal vein occlusion: 6-month results of the phase Ⅲ GALILEO study[J]. Br J Ophthalmol, 2013, 97(3): 278-284. DOI: 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2012-301504.
18.	Li X, Wang N, Liang X, et al; China Ozurdex in RVO Study Group. Safety and efficacy of dexamethasone intravitreal implant for treatment of macular edema secondary to retinal vein occlusion in Chinese patients: randomized, sham-controlled, multicenter study[J]. Graefe’s Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol, 2018, 256(1): 59-69. DOI: 10.1007/s00417-017-3831-6.

1. Wong TY, Scott IU. Clinical practice: retinal-vein occlusion[J]. N Engl J Med, 2010, 363(22): 2135-2144. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMcp1003934.
2. Jaulim A, Ahmed B, Khanam T, et al. Branch retinal vein occlusion: epidemiology, pathogenesis, risk factors, clinical features, diagnosis, and complications: an update of the literature[J]. Retina, 2013, 33: 901-110. DOI: 10.1097/IAE.0b013e3182870c15.
3. 沈丽君, 吴素兰. 视网膜分支静脉阻塞以及继发黄斑水肿治疗现状困惑与思考[J]. 中华眼底病杂志, 2017, 33(2): 114-118. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1005-1015.2017.02.002.Shen LJ, Wu SL.Rethinking strategies for the treatment of branch retinal vein occlusion and secondary macular edema[J]. Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis, 2017, 33(2): 114-118. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1005-1015.2017.02.002.
4. Daruich A, Matet A, Moulin A, et al. Mechanisms of macular edema: beyond the surface[J]. Prog Retin Eye Res, 2018, 63: 20-68. DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2017.10.006.
5. Ascaso FJ, Huerva V, Grzybowski A. The role of inflammation in the pathogenesis of macular edema secondary to retinal vascular diseases[J/OL]. Mediators Inflamm, 2014, 2014: 432685[2014-07-22]. https://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/432685. DOI: 10.1155/2014/432685.
6. Fong AC, Schatz H. Central retinal vein occlusion in young adults[J]. Surv Ophthalmol, 1993, 37(6): 393-417.
7. The Branch Vein Occlusion Study Group. Argon laser photocoagulation for macular edema in branch vein occlusion[J]. Am J Ophthalmol, 1984, 98(3): 271-282.
8. Christoffersen NL, Larsen M. Pathophysiology and hemodynamics of branch retinal vein occlusion[J]. Ophthalmology, 1999, 106(11): 2054-2062.
9. Scott IU, Ip MS, VanVeldhuisen PC, et al; SCORE Study Research Group. A randomized trial comparing the efficacy and safety of intravitreal triamcinolone with standard care to treat vision loss associated with macular Edema secondary to branch retinal vein occlusion: the Standard Care vs Corticosteroid for Retinal Vein Occlusion (SCORE) study report 6[J]. Arch Ophthalmol, 2009, 127(9): 1115-1128.DOI: 10.1001/archophthalmol.2009.233.
10. Haller JA, Bandello F, Belfort R Jr, et al; Ozurdex GENEVA Study Group. Randomized, sham-controlled trial of dexamethasone intravitreal implant in patients with macular edema due to retinal vein occlusion[J]. Ophthalmology, 2010, 117(6): 1134-1146. DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2010.03.032.
11. Haller JA, Bandello F, Belfort R Jr, et al; Ozurdex GENEVA Study Group. Dexamethasone intravitreal implant in patients with macular edema related to branch or central retinal vein occlusion twelve-month study results[J]. Ophthalmology, 2011, 118(12): 2453-2460. DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2011.05.014.
12. Campochiaro PA, Heier JS, Feiner L, et al; BRAVO Investigators. Ranibizumab for macular edema following branch retinal vein occlusion: six-month primary end point results of a phase Ⅲ study[J]. Ophthalmology, 2010, 117(6): 1102-1112. DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2010.02.021.
13. Heier JS, Campochiaro PA, Yau L, et al. Ranibizumab for macular edema due to retinal vein occlusions: long-term follow-up in the HORIZON trial[J]. Ophthalmology, 2012, 119(4): 802-809. DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2011.12.005.
14. Campochiaro PA, Clark WL, Boyer DS, et al. Intravitreal aflibercept for macular edema following branch retinal vein occlusion: the 24-week results of the VIBRANT study[J]. Ophthalmology, 2015, 122(3): 538-544. DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2014.08.031.
15. Campochiaro PA, Brown DM, Awh CC, et al. Sustained benefits from ranibizumab for macular edema following central retinal vein occlusion: twelve-month outcomes of a phase Ⅲ study[J]. Ophthalmology, 2011, 118(10): 2041-2049. DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2011.02.038.
16. Boyer D, Heier J, Brown DM, et al. Vascular endothelial growth factor Trap-Eye for macular edema secondary to central retinal vein occlusion: six-month results of the phase 3 COPERNICUS study[J]. Ophthalmology, 2012, 119(11): 1024-1032. DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2012.01.042.
17. Holz FG, Roider J, Ogura Y, et al. VEGF Trap-Eye for macular oedema secondary to central retinal vein occlusion: 6-month results of the phase Ⅲ GALILEO study[J]. Br J Ophthalmol, 2013, 97(3): 278-284. DOI: 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2012-301504.
18. Li X, Wang N, Liang X, et al; China Ozurdex in RVO Study Group. Safety and efficacy of dexamethasone intravitreal implant for treatment of macular edema secondary to retinal vein occlusion in Chinese patients: randomized, sham-controlled, multicenter study[J]. Graefe’s Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol, 2018, 256(1): 59-69. DOI: 10.1007/s00417-017-3831-6.

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