Clinical practice guideline for prevention and treatment of postoperative gastrointestinal disorder with integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine (2023)_Chinese Journal of Evidence-Based Medicine

Authors：

XUE Jianjun ^1,2,3 , XU Ziqing ^2,3 , HOU Huaijing ^2,3 , WANG Qiang ⁴ , WEI Lili ^1,5 , ZHANG Jie ^2,3 , ZHAO Xiaohong ^2,3 , CHEN Liping ^2,3 , DING Fanfan ^2,3 , MA Li ^2,3 , ZHAO Yongqiang ² , WANG Yingbin ⁶ , MA Daqing ^7,8 , WANG Tianjun ⁹ , LIU Renyu ¹⁰ , Tong J Gan ¹¹ , Nicky Robinson ¹² , Yurasek Frank ¹³ , SU Fan ¹⁴ , CHI Yongliang ¹⁴ , YANG Dianhui ¹⁴ , LIU Shujuan ¹⁴ , CUI Suyang ¹⁵ , WEI Yousong ¹⁵ , CHEN Zhiqiang ¹⁶ , QIN You ¹⁶ , CAO Lixing ¹⁶ , CHEN Guiping ¹⁷ , SHU Kuanyong ¹⁸ , XIAO Zhongqing ¹⁸ , ZHANG Hui ¹⁹ , YU Jianbo ¹⁹ , HU Zhiqian ²⁰ , CHENG Huakun ²¹ , MA Wuhua ²² , LIU Guokai ²³ , WANG Xiuli ²⁴ , CAO Xinghua ²⁵ , GAO Ju ²⁶ , KONG Gaoyin ²⁷ , TAO Qing ²⁸ , WANG Baohua ²⁹ , WANG Junlu ³⁰ , LI Hong ³¹ , LYU Cuixia ³² ,  ZHANG Zhiming ² ,  LI Tianzuo ³³ ,  YANG Kehu ^1,34,35,36

1. Evidence-Based Medicine Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China;
2. Gansu Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730050, P. R. China;
3. Gansu Province Clinical Research Center of Integrative Anaesthesiology, Lanzhou 730050, P. R. China;
4. The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, P. R. China;
5. School of Economics and Management, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China;
6. Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, P. R. China;
7. Division of Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine and Intensive Care, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London SW7 2AZ, UK;
8. The Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou 310005, P. R. China;
9. London Academy of Chinese Acupuncture, London IG2 6QS, UK;
10. University of Pennsylvania, Commonwealth of Pennsylvania 19104, USA;
11. Department of Anesthesiology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York NY11794, USA;
12. London South Bank University, London SE1 3NQ, UK;
13. Acupuncture Services Cook County Health, Stroger Hospital, Chicago 60675, USA;
14. Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250014, P. R. China;
15. Jiangsu Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, P. R. China;
16. Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510030, P. R. China;
17. Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, P. R. China;
18. Jiangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Nanchang 330006, P. R. China;
19. Tianjin Hospital of ITCWM Nankai Hospital, Tianjin 300100, P. R. China;
20. Changzheng Hospital Affiliated to Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, P. R. China;
21. Heilongjiang Provincial Hospital, Harbin 150036, P. R. China;
22. The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, P. R. China;
23. Dongzhimen Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100700, P. R. China;
24. The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050051, P. R. China;
25. Affiliated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830000, P. R. China;
26. Northern Jiangsu People’s Hospital, Yangzhou 225001, P. R. China;
27. Hunan Provincial People’s Hospital, Changsha 410005, P. R. China;
28. The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230031, P. R. China;
29. Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130021, P. R. China;
30. The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, P. R. China;
31. The Second Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University, Chongqing 400037, P. R. China;
32. School of Basic Medical Sciences of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250013, P. R. China;
33. Beijing Shijitan Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing 100038, P. R. China;
34. WHO Collaborating Center for Guideline Implementation and Knowledge Translation, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China;
35. Gansu Provincial Center for Medical Guideline Industry Technology, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China;
36. Chinese GRADE Centre, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China;

Corresponding author：

ZHANG Zhiming, Email: zhangzhimingys@163.com; LI Tianzuo, Email: trmzltz@126.com; YANG Kehu, Email: yangkh-ebm@lzu.edu.cn

Keywords：

Integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine; Postoperative gastrointestinal disorder; Guideline

DOI：

10.7507/1672-2531.202312185

Video：

Export PDF Favorites Scan Get Citation

Abstract Full text Figures/Tables Video References Cited by

Postoperative gastrointestinal disorder (POGD) is a common complication after surgery under anesthesia. Strategies in combination with traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine has shown some distinct effects but standardized clinical practice guidelines are not available. Thus, a multidisciplinary expert team from various professional bodies including the Perioperative and Anesthesia Professional Committees of the Chinese Association of Integrative Medicine (CAIM), jointly with Gansu Province Clinical Research Center of Integrative Anesthesiology/Anesthesia and Pain Medical Center of Gansu Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine and WHO Collaborating Center for Guideline Implementation and Knowledge Translation/Chinese Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) Center /Gansu Provincial Center for Medical Guideline Industry Technology/Evidence-based Medicine Center of Lanzhou University was established to develop evidence-based guidelines. Clinical questions (7 background and 12 clinical questions) were identified through literature reviews and expert consensus meetings. Based on systematic reviews/meta-analyses, evidence quality was analyzed and the advantages and disadvantages of interventional measures were weighed with input from patients’ preferences. Finally, 20 recommendations were developed through the Delphi-based consensus meetings. These recommendations include disease definitions, etiologies, pathogenesis, syndrome differentiation, diagnosis, and perioperative prevention and treatment.

1.	Bragg D, El-Sharkawy AM, Psaltis E, et al. Postoperative ileus: Recent developments in pathophysiology and management. Clin Nutr, 2015, 34(3): 367-376.
2.	Gan TJ, Belani KG, Bergese S, et al. Fourth consensus guidelines for the management of postoperative nausea and vomiting. Anesth Analg, 2020, 131(2): 411-448.
3.	Zaydfudim VM. Postoperative complications after major abdominal operations. Surgery, 2021, 169(5): 1017.
4.	Li WJ, Gao C, An LX, et al. Perioperative transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation for improving postoperative gastrointestinal function: a randomized controlled trial. J Integr Med, 2021, 19(3): 211-218.
5.	Akpinar B, Săgbaş E, Güden M, et al. Acute gastrointestinal complications after open heart surgery. Asian Cardiovascuiar & Thoracic Annals, 2016, 8(2): 109-113.
6.	肖娟, 桂良君. 胸腰椎骨折术后患者便秘发生情况及其影响因素分析. 临床合理用药杂志, 2019, 12(34): 165-166.
7.	Snyder RA, Ewing JA, Parikh AA. Delayed gastric emptying after pancreaticoduodenectomy: a study of the national surgical quality improvement program. Pancreatology, 2020, 20(2): 205-210.
8.	李偲, 刘克玄, 邓小明, 等. 术后胃肠功能障碍防治专家共识. 国际麻醉学与复苏杂志, 2021, 42(11): 1133-1142.
9.	Institute of Medicine (IOM). Institute of Medicine practice guidelines we can trust. Washington DC: The National Academies Press, 2011.
10.	World Health Organization. WHO handbook for guideline development (2nd edition). 2014.
11.	陈耀龙, 杨克虎, 王小钦, 等. 中国制订/修订临床诊疗指南的指导原则(2022版). 中华医学杂志, 2022, 102(10): 697-703.
12.	AGREE. AGREE Ⅱ user’s manual and 23 item instrument.
13.	Chen Y, Yang K, Marušić A, et al. A reporting tool for practice guidelines in health care: the RIGHT statement. Ann Intern Med, 2017, 166(2): 128-132.
14.	陈耀龙, 马艳芳, 周奇, 等. 谁应该参与临床实践指南的制订. 协和医学杂志, 2019, 10(5): 524-530.
15.	Shea BJ, Grimshaw JM, Wells GA, et al. Development of AMSTAR: a measurement tool to assess the methodological quality of systematic reviews. BMC Med Res Methodol, 2007, 7: 10.
16.	Higgins J, Green S. Cochrane handbook for systematic reviews of interventions version 5.1. 0. 2011.
17.	Jaeschke R, Guyatt GH, Dellinger P, et al. Use of GRADE grid to reach decisions on clinical practice guidelines when consensus is elusive. BMJ, 2008, 337: a744.
18.	Drossman DA, Hasler WL. Rome IV-functional GI disorders: disorders of gut-brain interaction. Gastroenterology, 2016, 150(6): 1257-1261.
19.	Hedrick TL, McEvoy MD, Mythen MMG, et al. American Society for Enhanced Recovery and Perioperative Quality Initiative Joint consensus statement on postoperative gastrointestinal dysfunction within an enhanced recovery pathway for elective colorectal surgery. Anesth Analg, 2018, 126(6): 1896-1907.
20.	Mazzotta E, Villalobos-Hernandez EC, Fiorda-Diaz J, et al. Postoperative ileus and postoperative gastrointestinal tract dysfunction: pathogenic mechanisms and novel treatment strategies beyond colorectal enhanced recovery after surgery protocols. Front Pharmacol, 2020, 11: 583422.
21.	王强, 王秀丽, 安立新, 等. 穴位刺激防治术后胃肠功能障碍专家共识. 2021.
22.	曾海平, 王涛, 曹立幸, 等. 香槟方对结直肠癌腹腔镜术后胃肠功能恢复的影响. 中华中医药杂志, 2021, 36(6): 3747-3750.
23.	桂屏, 叶淑华, 谢玉英, 等. 子午流注择时穴位贴敷对妇科腹腔镜术后患者胃肠功能的影响. 中华护理杂志, 2020, 55(9): 1376-1380.
24.	罗芳丽, 雷枭, 廖伯年, 等. 术后胃肠功能紊乱的中医治疗进展. 中医药导报, 2022, 28(4): 197-200.
25.	王士源, 顾沐恩, 金珠, 等. 单纯针刺促进腹部术后胃肠功能紊乱恢复的Meta分析. 世界中医药, 2018, 13(11): 2911-2920.
26.	杨琼, 陈漂漂, 吴海燕. 穴位低频电刺激治疗腹部术后患者胃肠功能恢复的分析. 中国预防医学杂志, 2020, 21(3): 292-295.
27.	王太成, 宋文渊, 黎东明, 等. 利胃护肠汤对胆囊结石手术术后胃肠功能恢复的影响. 中华中医药学刊, 2019, 37(5): 1237-1239.
28.	薛莲, 李敏, 赵江, 等. 不同时机艾灸对腹腔镜全麻术后胃肠功能恢复的影响. 中国针灸, 2018, 38(6): 571-574,579.
29.	刘润秋, 林金华, 曾小格, 等. 针刺治疗腹部术后胃肠功能紊乱的理论浅析. 现代医学与健康研究(电子版), 2021, 5(7): 26-28.
30.	赵维哲, 李君毅, 王玥, 等. 基于《金匮要略》"胃反病"探讨消化道肿瘤术后胃瘫综合征的中医辨证治法. 国际中医中药杂志, 2021, 43(3): 301-303.
31.	李思敏, 张晓梅, 李梦乾, 等. 260例肺结节患者抑郁焦虑状态、睡眠质量的相关研究. 中华中医药杂志, 2022, 37(11): 6667-6670.
32.	邢文文, 王相东, 谭从娥, 等. 功能性消化不良与情志因素的相关性. 中医学报, 2022, 37(4): 735-741.
33.	陈志强. 围手术期术后胃肠功能障碍的辨证论治策略. 中国中西医结合杂志, 2013, 33(2): 149-154.
34.	李怀玉, 陈云, 胡子毅, 等. 针灸治疗胃癌术后胃肠功能障碍疗效的Meta分析. 中国针灸, 2022, 42(5): 595-602.
35.	白长川, 刘淼, 庞立健, 等. 论“滞”伤脾胃. 中华中医药学刊, 2019, 37(5): 1035-1038.
36.	卞昊宇, 张立平. 张立平教授治疗消化道术后胃肠功能紊乱经验. 天津中医药大学学报, 2020, 39(6): 625-629.
37.	中华中医药学会脾胃病分会. 肠易激综合征中医诊疗专家共识意见(2017). 中医杂志, 2017, 58(18): 1614-1620.
38.	鲍昱含, 王尼尼, 姜巍, 等. 胃肠功能障碍中医辨证现代文献研究. 时珍国医国药, 2021, 32(2): 489-492.
39.	张晓光, 胡品津, 王启仪, 等. 功能性消化不良患者心理因素和自主神经功能的研究. 胃肠病学, 2006, 11(5): 295-297.
40.	Tong QY, Liu R, Zhang K, et al. Can acupuncture therapy reduce preoperative anxiety: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Integr Med, 2021, 19(1): 20-28.
41.	Chen SR, Hou WH, Lai JN, et al. Effects of acupressure on anxiety: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Integr Complement Med, 2022, 28(1): 25-35.
42.	Usichenko TI, Hua K, Cummings M, et al. Auricular stimulation for preoperative anxiety - a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled clinical trials. J Clin Anesth, 2022, 76: 110581.
43.	Venara A, Neunlist M, Slim K, et al. Postoperative ileus: pathophysiology, incidence, and prevention. J Visc Surg, 2016, 153(6): 439-446.
44.	Liao XQ, Li SL, Peng YC, et al. Effects of chewing gum on gastrointestinal function in patients following spinal surgery: a meta-analysis and systematic review. Eur Spine J, 2022, 31(10): 2536-2546.
45.	Li H, He T, Xu Q, et al. Acupuncture and regulation of gastrointestinal function. World J Gastroenterol, 2015, 21(27): 8304-8313.
46.	Thiele RH, Raghunathan K, Brudney CS, et al. American Society for Enhanced Recovery (ASER) and Perioperative Quality Initiative (POQI) joint consensus statement on perioperative fluid management within an enhanced recovery pathway for colorectal surgery. Perioper Med (Lond), 2016, 5: 24.
47.	王娟. 加速康复外科中国专家共识暨路径管理指南(2018): 结直肠手术部分. 中华麻醉学杂志, 2018, 38(1): 29-33.
48.	中华医学会外科学分会外科感染与重症医学学组, 中国医师协会外科医师分会肠瘘外科医师专业委员会. 中国手术部位感染预防指南. 中华胃肠外科杂志, 2019, 22(4): 301-314.
49.	曾海平, 曹立幸, 陈其城, 等. 中医药促进术后胃肠功能恢复研究进展. 中国中西医结合杂志, 2022, 42(1): 117-122.
50.	杨丽惠, 田桢, 周天, 等. 中医外治法治疗消化道肿瘤术后胃瘫综合征研究进展. 中华中医药杂志, 2021, 36(2): 947-950.
51.	钟赣生. 中药学(第十版). 北京: 中国中医药出版社, 2016.
52.	Wang H, Xie Y, Zhang Q, et al. Transcutaneous electric acupoint stimulation reduces intra-operative remifentanil consumption and alleviates postoperative side-effects in patients undergoing sinusotomy: a prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Br J Anaesth, 2014, 112(6): 1075-1082.
53.	冯吉杰, 王珂, 陈彤宇, 等. 针刺调控炎性反应在抗缺血再灌注损伤中的研究进展. 针刺研究, 2017, 42(6): 552-556.
54.	Blichfeldt-Eckhardt MR, Ording H, Andersen C, et al. Early visceral pain predicts chronic pain after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Pain, 2014, 155(11): 2400-2407.
55.	Whitby J, Thomson A, Gananadha S. Mucocele of the gall bladder stump: a cause of post-cholecystectomy syndrome. ANZ J Surg, 2016, 86(9): 725-726.
56.	Ohta H, Miyake T, Ueki T, et al. Predictors and clinical impact of postoperative diarrhea after colorectal cancer surgery: a prospective, multicenter, observational study (SHISA-1602). Int J Colorectal Dis, 2022, 37(3): 657-664.
57.	Sadowski DC, Camilleri M, Chey WD, et al. Canadian Association of Gastroenterology clinical practice guideline on the management of bile acid diarrhea. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol, 2020, 18(1): 24-41.
58.	Zackria R, Lopez RA. Postcholecystectomy Syndrome. 2020.
59.	Aroke EN, Hicks TL. Pharmacogenetics of postoperative nausea and vomiting. J Perianesth Nurs, 2019, 34(6): 1088-1105.
60.	于林枫, 朱安龙. 术后麻痹性肠梗阻的发病机制及防治策略. 医学综述, 2019, 25(23): 4716-4719, 4725.
61.	Sommer NP, Schneider R, Wehner S, et al. State-of-the-art colorectal disease: postoperative ileus. Int J Colorectal Dis, 2021, 36(9): 2017-2025.
62.	吴娜, 杨莹, 周琴, 等. 从调畅中焦气机论述中医外治法治疗消化道肿瘤术后粘连性肠梗阻. 现代中医临床, 2019, 26(2): 68-71.
63.	赵建政, 肖佑, 王真权. 大承气汤加减方保留灌肠对直肠癌术后早期炎性肠梗阻. 中医药临床杂志, 2020, 32(7): 1365-1368.
64.	黄智丰. 行气活血通腑汤保留灌肠治疗腹部术后早期炎性肠梗阻35例. 中国中医药科技, 2021, 28(4): 665-666.
65.	高聪, 韩勇, 林大勇, 等. 加味桃核承气汤内服和灌肠对腹部术后早期肠梗阻神经-炎症机制的影响. 中国实验方剂学杂志, 2017, 23(16): 176-181.
66.	Gao W, Li W, Yan Y, et al. Transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation applied in lower limbs decreases the incidence of paralytic ileus after colorectal surgery: a multicenter randomized controlled trial. Surgery, 2021, 170(6): 1618-1626.
67.	刘东林, 王宏伟, 李超. 气汤化裁穴位贴敷对术后早期炎性肠梗阻患者肠黏膜功能、微炎性反应状态的影响. 世界中医药, 2019, 14(10): 2771-2774, 2778.
68.	Laycock-van Spyk S, Thomas N, Cooper DN, et al. Neurofibromatosis type 1-associated tumours: their somatic mutational spectrum and pathogenesis. Hum Genomics, 2011, 5(6): 623-690.
69.	Deloose E, Vos R, Janssen P, et al. The motilin receptor agonist erythromycin stimulates hunger and food intake through a cholinergic pathway. Am J Clin Nutr, 2016, 103(3): 730-737.
70.	李冀, 连建伟. 方剂学(第十版). 北京: 中国中医药出版社, 2016.
71.	魏群, 赵雷. 健脾理气汤灌肠辅助治疗胃癌术后胃瘫综合征的临床研究. 时珍国医国药, 2021, 32(1): 138-140.
72.	郭晋锋, 张勇, 吴耿聪, 等. 基于加速康复外科理念的针刺对胃癌术后残胃排空功能障碍的影响. 中国针灸, 2023, 43(2): 141-143.
73.	方蝶, 石焱. 穴位注射结合西药治疗与护理胃癌胃大部切除术后胃瘫. 实用肿瘤杂志, 2016, 31(4): 377-379.
74.	Laffitte AM, Polakowski CB, Kato M. Early oral re-feeding on oncology patients submitted to gastrectomy for gastric cancer. Arq Bras Cir Dig, 2015, 28(3): 200-203.
75.	Bevilacqua LA, Obeid NR, Spaniolas K, et al. Early postoperative diet after bariatric surgery: impact on length of stay and 30-day events. Surg Endosc, 2019, 33(8): 2475-2478.
76.	Herbert G, Perry R, Andersen HK, et al. Early enteral nutrition within 24 hours of lower gastrointestinal surgery versus later commencement for length of hospital stay and postoperative complications. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2019, (7): CD004080.
77.	李智, 龚姝. 加速康复外科理念下促进腹部手术患者术后早期下床活动的研究进展. 中国护理管理, 2019, 19(1): 142-145.
78.	中华医学会外科学分会, 中华医学会麻醉学分会. 加速康复外科中国专家共识及路径管理指南(2018版). 中国实用外科杂志, 2018, 38(1): 1-20.
79.	Kara S, Küpeli E, Yılmaz HEB, et al. Predicting pulmonary complications following upper and lower abdominal surgery: ASA vs. ARISCAT risk index. Turk J Anaesthesiol Reanim, 2020, 48(2): 96-101.
80.	Wolk S, Distler M, Müssle B, et al. Adherence to ERAS elements in major visceral surgery-an observational pilot study. Langenbecks Arch Surg, 2016, 401(3): 349-356.
81.	van Zelm R, Coeckelberghs E, Sermeus W, et al. Variation in care for surgical patients with colorectal cancer: protocol adherence in 12 European hospitals. Int J Colorectal Dis, 2017, 32(10): 1471-1478.
82.	中华医学会外科学分会, 中华医学会麻醉学分会. 加速康复外科中国专家共识暨路径管理指南(2018). 中华麻醉学杂志, 2018, 38(1): 8-13.
83.	Nelson G, Bakkum-Gamez J, Kalogera E, et al. Guidelines for perioperative care in gynecologic/oncology: Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) Society recommendations-2019 update. Int J Gynecol Cancer, 2019, 29(4): 651-668.
84.	Scheib SA, Thomassee M, Kenner JL. Enhanced recovery after surgery in gynecology: a review of the literature. J Minim Invasive Gynecol, 2019, 26(2): 327-343.
85.	葛龙, 秦钰, 宋忠阳, 等. 新型冠状病毒感染恢复期常见症中西医结合管理循证实践指南. 兰州大学学报(医学版), 2023, 49(5): 28-40, 46.
86.	中国中西医结合学会麻醉专业委员会, 甘肃省中西医结合学会麻醉专业委员会. 穴位刺激辅助治疗术后疼痛临床实践指南(2021). 中华麻醉学杂志, 2021, 41(10): 1159-1165.
87.	Wang Y, Chen N, Guo K, et al. Reporting and methodological quality of acupuncture network meta-analyses could be improved: an evidence mapping. J Clin Epidemiol, 2023, 153: 1-12.

1. Bragg D, El-Sharkawy AM, Psaltis E, et al. Postoperative ileus: Recent developments in pathophysiology and management. Clin Nutr, 2015, 34(3): 367-376.
2. Gan TJ, Belani KG, Bergese S, et al. Fourth consensus guidelines for the management of postoperative nausea and vomiting. Anesth Analg, 2020, 131(2): 411-448.
3. Zaydfudim VM. Postoperative complications after major abdominal operations. Surgery, 2021, 169(5): 1017.
4. Li WJ, Gao C, An LX, et al. Perioperative transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation for improving postoperative gastrointestinal function: a randomized controlled trial. J Integr Med, 2021, 19(3): 211-218.
5. Akpinar B, Săgbaş E, Güden M, et al. Acute gastrointestinal complications after open heart surgery. Asian Cardiovascuiar & Thoracic Annals, 2016, 8(2): 109-113.
6. 肖娟, 桂良君. 胸腰椎骨折术后患者便秘发生情况及其影响因素分析. 临床合理用药杂志, 2019, 12(34): 165-166.
7. Snyder RA, Ewing JA, Parikh AA. Delayed gastric emptying after pancreaticoduodenectomy: a study of the national surgical quality improvement program. Pancreatology, 2020, 20(2): 205-210.
8. 李偲, 刘克玄, 邓小明, 等. 术后胃肠功能障碍防治专家共识. 国际麻醉学与复苏杂志, 2021, 42(11): 1133-1142.
9. Institute of Medicine (IOM). Institute of Medicine practice guidelines we can trust. Washington DC: The National Academies Press, 2011.
10. World Health Organization. WHO handbook for guideline development (2nd edition). 2014.
11. 陈耀龙, 杨克虎, 王小钦, 等. 中国制订/修订临床诊疗指南的指导原则(2022版). 中华医学杂志, 2022, 102(10): 697-703.
12. AGREE. AGREE Ⅱ user’s manual and 23 item instrument.
13. Chen Y, Yang K, Marušić A, et al. A reporting tool for practice guidelines in health care: the RIGHT statement. Ann Intern Med, 2017, 166(2): 128-132.
14. 陈耀龙, 马艳芳, 周奇, 等. 谁应该参与临床实践指南的制订. 协和医学杂志, 2019, 10(5): 524-530.
15. Shea BJ, Grimshaw JM, Wells GA, et al. Development of AMSTAR: a measurement tool to assess the methodological quality of systematic reviews. BMC Med Res Methodol, 2007, 7: 10.
16. Higgins J, Green S. Cochrane handbook for systematic reviews of interventions version 5.1. 0. 2011.
17. Jaeschke R, Guyatt GH, Dellinger P, et al. Use of GRADE grid to reach decisions on clinical practice guidelines when consensus is elusive. BMJ, 2008, 337: a744.
18. Drossman DA, Hasler WL. Rome IV-functional GI disorders: disorders of gut-brain interaction. Gastroenterology, 2016, 150(6): 1257-1261.
19. Hedrick TL, McEvoy MD, Mythen MMG, et al. American Society for Enhanced Recovery and Perioperative Quality Initiative Joint consensus statement on postoperative gastrointestinal dysfunction within an enhanced recovery pathway for elective colorectal surgery. Anesth Analg, 2018, 126(6): 1896-1907.
20. Mazzotta E, Villalobos-Hernandez EC, Fiorda-Diaz J, et al. Postoperative ileus and postoperative gastrointestinal tract dysfunction: pathogenic mechanisms and novel treatment strategies beyond colorectal enhanced recovery after surgery protocols. Front Pharmacol, 2020, 11: 583422.
21. 王强, 王秀丽, 安立新, 等. 穴位刺激防治术后胃肠功能障碍专家共识. 2021.
22. 曾海平, 王涛, 曹立幸, 等. 香槟方对结直肠癌腹腔镜术后胃肠功能恢复的影响. 中华中医药杂志, 2021, 36(6): 3747-3750.
23. 桂屏, 叶淑华, 谢玉英, 等. 子午流注择时穴位贴敷对妇科腹腔镜术后患者胃肠功能的影响. 中华护理杂志, 2020, 55(9): 1376-1380.
24. 罗芳丽, 雷枭, 廖伯年, 等. 术后胃肠功能紊乱的中医治疗进展. 中医药导报, 2022, 28(4): 197-200.
25. 王士源, 顾沐恩, 金珠, 等. 单纯针刺促进腹部术后胃肠功能紊乱恢复的Meta分析. 世界中医药, 2018, 13(11): 2911-2920.
26. 杨琼, 陈漂漂, 吴海燕. 穴位低频电刺激治疗腹部术后患者胃肠功能恢复的分析. 中国预防医学杂志, 2020, 21(3): 292-295.
27. 王太成, 宋文渊, 黎东明, 等. 利胃护肠汤对胆囊结石手术术后胃肠功能恢复的影响. 中华中医药学刊, 2019, 37(5): 1237-1239.
28. 薛莲, 李敏, 赵江, 等. 不同时机艾灸对腹腔镜全麻术后胃肠功能恢复的影响. 中国针灸, 2018, 38(6): 571-574,579.
29. 刘润秋, 林金华, 曾小格, 等. 针刺治疗腹部术后胃肠功能紊乱的理论浅析. 现代医学与健康研究(电子版), 2021, 5(7): 26-28.
30. 赵维哲, 李君毅, 王玥, 等. 基于《金匮要略》"胃反病"探讨消化道肿瘤术后胃瘫综合征的中医辨证治法. 国际中医中药杂志, 2021, 43(3): 301-303.
31. 李思敏, 张晓梅, 李梦乾, 等. 260例肺结节患者抑郁焦虑状态、睡眠质量的相关研究. 中华中医药杂志, 2022, 37(11): 6667-6670.
32. 邢文文, 王相东, 谭从娥, 等. 功能性消化不良与情志因素的相关性. 中医学报, 2022, 37(4): 735-741.
33. 陈志强. 围手术期术后胃肠功能障碍的辨证论治策略. 中国中西医结合杂志, 2013, 33(2): 149-154.
34. 李怀玉, 陈云, 胡子毅, 等. 针灸治疗胃癌术后胃肠功能障碍疗效的Meta分析. 中国针灸, 2022, 42(5): 595-602.
35. 白长川, 刘淼, 庞立健, 等. 论“滞”伤脾胃. 中华中医药学刊, 2019, 37(5): 1035-1038.
36. 卞昊宇, 张立平. 张立平教授治疗消化道术后胃肠功能紊乱经验. 天津中医药大学学报, 2020, 39(6): 625-629.
37. 中华中医药学会脾胃病分会. 肠易激综合征中医诊疗专家共识意见(2017). 中医杂志, 2017, 58(18): 1614-1620.
38. 鲍昱含, 王尼尼, 姜巍, 等. 胃肠功能障碍中医辨证现代文献研究. 时珍国医国药, 2021, 32(2): 489-492.
39. 张晓光, 胡品津, 王启仪, 等. 功能性消化不良患者心理因素和自主神经功能的研究. 胃肠病学, 2006, 11(5): 295-297.
40. Tong QY, Liu R, Zhang K, et al. Can acupuncture therapy reduce preoperative anxiety: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Integr Med, 2021, 19(1): 20-28.
41. Chen SR, Hou WH, Lai JN, et al. Effects of acupressure on anxiety: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Integr Complement Med, 2022, 28(1): 25-35.
42. Usichenko TI, Hua K, Cummings M, et al. Auricular stimulation for preoperative anxiety - a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled clinical trials. J Clin Anesth, 2022, 76: 110581.
43. Venara A, Neunlist M, Slim K, et al. Postoperative ileus: pathophysiology, incidence, and prevention. J Visc Surg, 2016, 153(6): 439-446.
44. Liao XQ, Li SL, Peng YC, et al. Effects of chewing gum on gastrointestinal function in patients following spinal surgery: a meta-analysis and systematic review. Eur Spine J, 2022, 31(10): 2536-2546.
45. Li H, He T, Xu Q, et al. Acupuncture and regulation of gastrointestinal function. World J Gastroenterol, 2015, 21(27): 8304-8313.
46. Thiele RH, Raghunathan K, Brudney CS, et al. American Society for Enhanced Recovery (ASER) and Perioperative Quality Initiative (POQI) joint consensus statement on perioperative fluid management within an enhanced recovery pathway for colorectal surgery. Perioper Med (Lond), 2016, 5: 24.
47. 王娟. 加速康复外科中国专家共识暨路径管理指南(2018): 结直肠手术部分. 中华麻醉学杂志, 2018, 38(1): 29-33.
48. 中华医学会外科学分会外科感染与重症医学学组, 中国医师协会外科医师分会肠瘘外科医师专业委员会. 中国手术部位感染预防指南. 中华胃肠外科杂志, 2019, 22(4): 301-314.
49. 曾海平, 曹立幸, 陈其城, 等. 中医药促进术后胃肠功能恢复研究进展. 中国中西医结合杂志, 2022, 42(1): 117-122.
50. 杨丽惠, 田桢, 周天, 等. 中医外治法治疗消化道肿瘤术后胃瘫综合征研究进展. 中华中医药杂志, 2021, 36(2): 947-950.
51. 钟赣生. 中药学(第十版). 北京: 中国中医药出版社, 2016.
52. Wang H, Xie Y, Zhang Q, et al. Transcutaneous electric acupoint stimulation reduces intra-operative remifentanil consumption and alleviates postoperative side-effects in patients undergoing sinusotomy: a prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Br J Anaesth, 2014, 112(6): 1075-1082.
53. 冯吉杰, 王珂, 陈彤宇, 等. 针刺调控炎性反应在抗缺血再灌注损伤中的研究进展. 针刺研究, 2017, 42(6): 552-556.
54. Blichfeldt-Eckhardt MR, Ording H, Andersen C, et al. Early visceral pain predicts chronic pain after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Pain, 2014, 155(11): 2400-2407.
55. Whitby J, Thomson A, Gananadha S. Mucocele of the gall bladder stump: a cause of post-cholecystectomy syndrome. ANZ J Surg, 2016, 86(9): 725-726.
56. Ohta H, Miyake T, Ueki T, et al. Predictors and clinical impact of postoperative diarrhea after colorectal cancer surgery: a prospective, multicenter, observational study (SHISA-1602). Int J Colorectal Dis, 2022, 37(3): 657-664.
57. Sadowski DC, Camilleri M, Chey WD, et al. Canadian Association of Gastroenterology clinical practice guideline on the management of bile acid diarrhea. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol, 2020, 18(1): 24-41.
58. Zackria R, Lopez RA. Postcholecystectomy Syndrome. 2020.
59. Aroke EN, Hicks TL. Pharmacogenetics of postoperative nausea and vomiting. J Perianesth Nurs, 2019, 34(6): 1088-1105.
60. 于林枫, 朱安龙. 术后麻痹性肠梗阻的发病机制及防治策略. 医学综述, 2019, 25(23): 4716-4719, 4725.
61. Sommer NP, Schneider R, Wehner S, et al. State-of-the-art colorectal disease: postoperative ileus. Int J Colorectal Dis, 2021, 36(9): 2017-2025.
62. 吴娜, 杨莹, 周琴, 等. 从调畅中焦气机论述中医外治法治疗消化道肿瘤术后粘连性肠梗阻. 现代中医临床, 2019, 26(2): 68-71.
63. 赵建政, 肖佑, 王真权. 大承气汤加减方保留灌肠对直肠癌术后早期炎性肠梗阻. 中医药临床杂志, 2020, 32(7): 1365-1368.
64. 黄智丰. 行气活血通腑汤保留灌肠治疗腹部术后早期炎性肠梗阻35例. 中国中医药科技, 2021, 28(4): 665-666.
65. 高聪, 韩勇, 林大勇, 等. 加味桃核承气汤内服和灌肠对腹部术后早期肠梗阻神经-炎症机制的影响. 中国实验方剂学杂志, 2017, 23(16): 176-181.
66. Gao W, Li W, Yan Y, et al. Transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation applied in lower limbs decreases the incidence of paralytic ileus after colorectal surgery: a multicenter randomized controlled trial. Surgery, 2021, 170(6): 1618-1626.
67. 刘东林, 王宏伟, 李超. 气汤化裁穴位贴敷对术后早期炎性肠梗阻患者肠黏膜功能、微炎性反应状态的影响. 世界中医药, 2019, 14(10): 2771-2774, 2778.
68. Laycock-van Spyk S, Thomas N, Cooper DN, et al. Neurofibromatosis type 1-associated tumours: their somatic mutational spectrum and pathogenesis. Hum Genomics, 2011, 5(6): 623-690.
69. Deloose E, Vos R, Janssen P, et al. The motilin receptor agonist erythromycin stimulates hunger and food intake through a cholinergic pathway. Am J Clin Nutr, 2016, 103(3): 730-737.
70. 李冀, 连建伟. 方剂学(第十版). 北京: 中国中医药出版社, 2016.
71. 魏群, 赵雷. 健脾理气汤灌肠辅助治疗胃癌术后胃瘫综合征的临床研究. 时珍国医国药, 2021, 32(1): 138-140.
72. 郭晋锋, 张勇, 吴耿聪, 等. 基于加速康复外科理念的针刺对胃癌术后残胃排空功能障碍的影响. 中国针灸, 2023, 43(2): 141-143.
73. 方蝶, 石焱. 穴位注射结合西药治疗与护理胃癌胃大部切除术后胃瘫. 实用肿瘤杂志, 2016, 31(4): 377-379.
74. Laffitte AM, Polakowski CB, Kato M. Early oral re-feeding on oncology patients submitted to gastrectomy for gastric cancer. Arq Bras Cir Dig, 2015, 28(3): 200-203.
75. Bevilacqua LA, Obeid NR, Spaniolas K, et al. Early postoperative diet after bariatric surgery: impact on length of stay and 30-day events. Surg Endosc, 2019, 33(8): 2475-2478.
76. Herbert G, Perry R, Andersen HK, et al. Early enteral nutrition within 24 hours of lower gastrointestinal surgery versus later commencement for length of hospital stay and postoperative complications. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2019, (7): CD004080.
77. 李智, 龚姝. 加速康复外科理念下促进腹部手术患者术后早期下床活动的研究进展. 中国护理管理, 2019, 19(1): 142-145.
78. 中华医学会外科学分会, 中华医学会麻醉学分会. 加速康复外科中国专家共识及路径管理指南(2018版). 中国实用外科杂志, 2018, 38(1): 1-20.
79. Kara S, Küpeli E, Yılmaz HEB, et al. Predicting pulmonary complications following upper and lower abdominal surgery: ASA vs. ARISCAT risk index. Turk J Anaesthesiol Reanim, 2020, 48(2): 96-101.
80. Wolk S, Distler M, Müssle B, et al. Adherence to ERAS elements in major visceral surgery-an observational pilot study. Langenbecks Arch Surg, 2016, 401(3): 349-356.
81. van Zelm R, Coeckelberghs E, Sermeus W, et al. Variation in care for surgical patients with colorectal cancer: protocol adherence in 12 European hospitals. Int J Colorectal Dis, 2017, 32(10): 1471-1478.
82. 中华医学会外科学分会, 中华医学会麻醉学分会. 加速康复外科中国专家共识暨路径管理指南(2018). 中华麻醉学杂志, 2018, 38(1): 8-13.
83. Nelson G, Bakkum-Gamez J, Kalogera E, et al. Guidelines for perioperative care in gynecologic/oncology: Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) Society recommendations-2019 update. Int J Gynecol Cancer, 2019, 29(4): 651-668.
84. Scheib SA, Thomassee M, Kenner JL. Enhanced recovery after surgery in gynecology: a review of the literature. J Minim Invasive Gynecol, 2019, 26(2): 327-343.
85. 葛龙, 秦钰, 宋忠阳, 等. 新型冠状病毒感染恢复期常见症中西医结合管理循证实践指南. 兰州大学学报(医学版), 2023, 49(5): 28-40, 46.
86. 中国中西医结合学会麻醉专业委员会, 甘肃省中西医结合学会麻醉专业委员会. 穴位刺激辅助治疗术后疼痛临床实践指南(2021). 中华麻醉学杂志, 2021, 41(10): 1159-1165.
87. Wang Y, Chen N, Guo K, et al. Reporting and methodological quality of acupuncture network meta-analyses could be improved: an evidence mapping. J Clin Epidemiol, 2023, 153: 1-12.

Chinese Journal of Evidence-Based Medicine

Latest ArticlesClinical practice guideline for prevention and treatment of postoperative gastrointestinal disorder with integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine (2023)

Abstract Full text Figures/Tables Video References Cited by

Format

Content