Focusing on the regulation of epigenetic modification on retinal vascular disease_Chinese Journal of Ocular Fundus Diseases

Authors：

 Zhao Chen , Zhou Rongmei

Department of Ophthalmology, The Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China;

Corresponding author：

Zhao Chen, Email: dr_zhaochen@163.com

Keywords：

Epigenomics; Epigenesis, genetic; Diabetic retinopathy/genetics; Wet macular degeneration/genetics; Editorial

DOI：

10.3760/cma.j.cn511434-20200310-00104

Video：

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Epigenetics has been very hot in the research of biomedicine. In addition to genetic factors, the occurrence of a disease is also influenced by environmental factors. Retinal vascular diseases are a type of irreversible blind eye disease, such as age-related macular degeneration and diabetic retinopathy. The retinal vessel changes are the major features of retinal vascular diseases, which are the result of interaction of multiple environmental factors and genes. Epigenetic modification mainly includes DNA methylation, histone modification, and non-coding RNA regulation. Epigenetic mechanisms mediate the effects of environmental factors on genes related to retinal vascular diseases, and affect the eventual development of the diseases. Therefore, ophthalmologists should keep eyes close on the role of epigenetics in retinal vascular diseases, track the progress of epigenetic methods in the treatment of retinal vascular diseases, and pay attention to the application prospects of epigenetics. Finding the epigenetic regulators of these diseases can not only deepen the understanding of the pathological mechanism of these diseases, but also provide new ideas for the diagnosis and treatment of these diseases.

Citation： Zhao Chen, Zhou Rongmei. Focusing on the regulation of epigenetic modification on retinal vascular disease. Chinese Journal of Ocular Fundus Diseases, 2020, 36(3): 173-177. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn511434-20200310-00104 Copy

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14.	Kouzarides T. Chromatin modifications and their function[J]. Cell, 2007, 128(4): 693-705. DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2007.02.005.
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26.	Desmettre TJ. Epigenetics in age-related macular degeneration (AMD)[J]. J Fr Ophtalmol, 2018, 41(9): 407-415. DOI: 10.1016/j.jfo.2018.09.001.
27.	Hunter A, Spechler PA, Cwanger A, et al. DNA methylation is associated with altered gene expression in AMD[J]. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci, 2012, 53(4): 2089-2105. DOI: 10.1167/iovs.11-8449.
28.	Villagra A, Sotomayor EM, Seto E. Histone deacetylases and the immunological network: implications in cancer and inflammation[J]. Oncogene, 2010, 29(2): 157-173. DOI: 10.1038/onc.2009.334.
29.	Wei L, Liu B, Tuo J, et al. Hypomethylation of the IL17RC promoter associates with age-related macular degeneration[J]. Cell Rep, 2012, 2(5): 1151-1158. DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2012.10.013.
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32.	Hatada I, Horii T. CRISPR/Cas9[J]. Methods Mol Biol, 2017, 1630: 37-42. DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7128-2_3.

1. Egger G, Liang G, Aparicio A, et al. Epigenetics in human disease and prospects for epigenetic therapy[J]. Nature, 2004, 429(6990): 457-463. DOI: 10.1038/nature02625.
2. Portela A, Esteller M. Epigenetic modifications and human disease[J]. Nat Biotechnol, 2010, 28(10): 1057-1068. DOI: 10.1038/nbt.1685.
3. Elmasry K, Mohamed R, Sharma I, et al. Epigenetic modifications in hyperhomocysteinemia: potential role in diabetic retinopathy and age-related macular degeneration[J]. Oncotarget, 2018, 9(16): 12562-12590. DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24333.
4. Kowluru RA, Mishra M. Contribution of epigenetics in diabetic retinopathy[J]. Sci China Life Sci, 2015, 58(6): 556-563. DOI: 10.1007/s11427-015-4853-0.
5. Gemenetzi M, Lotery AJ. Epigenetics in age-related macular degeneration: new discoveries and future perspectives[J]. Cell Mol Life Sci, 2020, 77(5): 807-818. DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03421-w.
6. Edwards JR, Yarychkivska O, Boulard M, et al. DNA methylation and DNA methyltransferases[J/OL]. Epigenetics Chromatin, 2017, 10: 23[2017-05-08]. 10.1186/s13072-017-0130-8">https://epigeneticsandchromatin.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13072-017-0130-8. DOI: 10.1186/s13072-017-0130-8.
7. Bird A. DNA methylation patterns and epigenetic memory[J]. Genes Dev, 2002, 16(1): 6-21. DOI: 10.1101/gad.947102.
8. Kinney SR, Pradhan S. Ten eleven translocation enzymes and 5-hydroxymethylation in mammalian development and cancer[J]. Adv Exp Med Biol, 2013, 754: 57-79. DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4419-9967-2_3.
9. Branco MR, Ficz G, Reik W, et al. Conversion of 5-methylcytosine to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine in mammalian DNA by MLL partner TET1[J]. Science, 2009, 324(5929): 930-935. DOI: 10.1126/science.1170116.
10. Corso-Díaz X, Jaeger C, Chaitankar V, et al. Epigenetic control of gene regulation during development and disease: a view from the retina[J]. Prog Retin Eye Res, 2018, 65: 1-27. DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2018.03.002.
11. Jenuwein T, Allis CD. Translating the histone code[J]. Science, 2001, 293(5532): 1074-1080. DOI: 10.1126/science.1063127.
12. Shechter D, Dormann HL, Allis CD, et al. Extraction, purification and analysis of histones[J]. Nat Protoc, 2007, 2(6): 1445-1457. DOI: 10.1038/nprot.2007.202.
13. Furumatsu T, Ozaki T. Epigenetic regulation in chondrogenesis[J]. Acta Med Okayama, 2010, 64(3): 155-161. DOI: 10.18926/AMO/40007.
14. Kouzarides T. Chromatin modifications and their function[J]. Cell, 2007, 128(4): 693-705. DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2007.02.005.
15. Cech TR, Steitz JA. The noncoding RNA revolution-trashing old rules to forge new ones[J]. Cell, 2014, 157(1): 77-94. DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2014.03.008.
16. Han J, Kim D, Morris KV. Promoter-associated RNA is required for RNA-directed transcriptional gene silencing in human cells[J]. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 2007, 104(30): 12422-12427. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0701635104.
17. Kawasaki H, Taira K, Morris KV. siRNA induced transcriptional gene silencing in mammalian cells[J]. Cell Cycle, 2005, 4(3): 442-448. DOI: 10.4161/cc.4.3.1520.
18. Lewis BP, Burge CB, Bartel DP. Conserved seed pairing, often flanked by adenosines, indicates that thousands of human genes are microRNA targets[J]. Cell, 2005, 120(1): 15-20. DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2004.12.035.
19. Kasper DM, Gardner KE, Reinke V. Homeland security in the C. elegans germ line: insights into the biogenesis and function of piRNAs[J]. Epigenetics, 2014, 9(1): 62-74. DOI: 10.4161/epi.26647.
20. Kopp F, Mendell JT. Functional classification and experimental dissection of long noncoding RNAs[J]. Cell, 2018, 172(3): 393-407. DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2018.01.011.
21. Kowluru RA. Diabetic retinopathy, metabolic memory and epigenetic modifications[J]. Vision Res, 2017, 139: 30-38. DOI: 10.1016/j.visres.2017.02.011.
22. Kowluru RA, Kowluru A, Mishra M, et al. Oxidative stress and epigenetic modifications in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy[J]. Prog Retin Eye Res, 2015, 48: 40-61. DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2015.05.001.
23. Kowluru RA. Mitochondrial stability in diabetic retinopathy: lessons learned from epigenetics[J]. Diabetes, 2019, 68(2): 241-247. DOI: 10.2337/dbi18-0016.
24. Oliver VF, Jaffe AE, Song J, et al. Differential DNA methylation identified in the blood and retina of AMD patients[J]. Epigenetics, 2015, 10(8): 698-707. DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2015.1060388.
25. Gong Q, Su G. Roles of miRNAs and long noncoding RNAs in the progression of diabetic retinopathy[J/OL]. Biosci Rep, 2017, 37(6): BSR20171157[2017-11-29]. http://europepmc.org/article/MED/29074557. DOI: 10.1042/BSR20171157.
26. Desmettre TJ. Epigenetics in age-related macular degeneration (AMD)[J]. J Fr Ophtalmol, 2018, 41(9): 407-415. DOI: 10.1016/j.jfo.2018.09.001.
27. Hunter A, Spechler PA, Cwanger A, et al. DNA methylation is associated with altered gene expression in AMD[J]. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci, 2012, 53(4): 2089-2105. DOI: 10.1167/iovs.11-8449.
28. Villagra A, Sotomayor EM, Seto E. Histone deacetylases and the immunological network: implications in cancer and inflammation[J]. Oncogene, 2010, 29(2): 157-173. DOI: 10.1038/onc.2009.334.
29. Wei L, Liu B, Tuo J, et al. Hypomethylation of the IL17RC promoter associates with age-related macular degeneration[J]. Cell Rep, 2012, 2(5): 1151-1158. DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2012.10.013.
30. Zhou Q, Gallagher R, Ufret-Vincenty R, et al. Regulation of angiogenesis and choroidal neovascularization by members of microRNA-23~27~24 clusters[J]. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 2011, 108(20): 8287-8292. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1105254108.
31. Natoli R, Fernando N. MicroRNA as therapeutics for age-related macular degeneration[J]. Adv Exp Med Biol, 2018, 1074: 37-43. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-75402-4_5.
32. Hatada I, Horii T. CRISPR/Cas9[J]. Methods Mol Biol, 2017, 1630: 37-42. DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7128-2_3.

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