A review of advances in intraocular fluid detection for high myopia and its relevant fundus diseases_Chinese Journal of Ocular Fundus Diseases

Authors：

Liu Jinxing ¹ ,  Zhou Guohong ² , Zhang Xiaodan ²

1. The First School of Clinical Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China;
2. Eye Hospital of Shanxi Province, Taiyuan 030002, China;

Corresponding author：

Zhou Guohong, Email: guohongzhou2005@163.com

Keywords：

Myopia, degenerative; Aqueous humor; Proteins; Cytokines; Matrix metalloproteinase 2; Fibrinolysin; Review

DOI：

10.3760/cma.j.cn511434-20211008-00565

Video：

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Abstract Full text Figures/Tables Video References Cited by

The fundus lesions caused by high myopia (HM) often lead to irreversible visual impairment or even blindness. However, the pathogenesis of HM and its fundus lesions is still unclear, the intraocular fluid detection technology of micro samples has brought new prospects for the early diagnosis, monitoring and intervention of the fundus lesions. The molecules associated with HM are various and functionally diverse, intermolecular interactions are staggered and the specific mechanism is complex. With the development of intraocular fluid detection technology, while gradually revealing the role of each molecule in the pathogenesis of HM, it is expected to successfully assist clinical work in the future, providing outpost markers for the progress of myopia and targets for early intervention, or providing a new therapy choice for HM fundus lesions at the molecular level targeting pathogenesis, which is expected to provide more accurate and effective treatment for HM patients in the future.

Citation： Liu Jinxing, Zhou Guohong, Zhang Xiaodan. A review of advances in intraocular fluid detection for high myopia and its relevant fundus diseases. Chinese Journal of Ocular Fundus Diseases, 2022, 38(9): 784-788. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn511434-20211008-00565 Copy

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1. 刘瑄, 陶勇. 用好眼内液检测[J]. 中华眼科医学杂志(电子版), 2018, 8(5): 193-201. DOI: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.2095-2007.2018.05.001.Liu X, Tao Y. Use the examination of intraocular fluid well[J]. Chin J Ophthalmol Med (Electronic Edition), 2018, 8(5): 193-201. DOI: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.2095-2007.2018.05.001.
2. Ohno-Matsui K, Lai TY, Lai CC, et al. Updates of pathologic myopia[J]. Prog Retin Eye Res, 2016, 52: 156-187. DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2015.12.001.
3. 邵珺, 辛瑜, 李荣秀, 等. 病理性近视眼患者血清蛋白质组学分子标志物筛选[J]. 中华眼科杂志, 2012, 48(3): 246-252. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0412-4081.2012.03.010.Shao J, Xin Y, Li RX, et al. Proteomies analysis of serum biomarks in patients witll pathological myopia[J]. Chin J Ophthalmol, 2012, 48(3): 246-252. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0412-4081.2012.03.010.
4. Shao J, Yao Y. Negative effects of transthyretin in high myopic vitreous on diabetic retinopathy[J]. Int J Ophthalmol, 2017, 10(12): 1864-1869. DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2017.12.12.
5. Liz MA, Coelho T, Bellotti V, et al. A narrative review of the role of transthyretin in health and disease[J]. Neurol Ther, 2020, 9(2): 395-402. DOI: 10.1007/s40120-020-00217-0.
6. Mertz JR, Wallman J. Choroidal retinoic acid synthesis: a possible mediator between refractive error and compensatory eye growth[J]. Exp Eye Res, 2000, 70(4): 519-527. DOI: 10.1006/exer.1999.0813.
7. Shao J, Xin Y, Li R, et al. Vitreous and serum levels of transthyretin (TTR) in high myopia patients are correlated with ocular pathologies[J]. Clin Biochem, 2011, 44(8-9): 681-685. DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2011.03.032.
8. Shao J, Xin Y, Yao Y. Correlation of misfolded transthyretin in abnormal vitreous and high myopia related ocular pathologies[J]. Clin Chim Acta, 2011, 412(23-24): 2117-2121. DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2011.07.021.
9. Shao J, Xin Y, Yao Y, et al. Functional analysis of misfolded transthyretin extracted from abnormal vitreous with high myopia related ocular pathologies[J]. Clin Chim Acta, 2013, 415: 20-24. DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2012.09.006.
10. Liz MA, Faro CJ, Saraiva MJ, et al. Transthyretin, a new cryptic protease[J]. J Biol Chem, 2004, 279(20): 21431-21438. DOI: 10.1074/jbc.M402212200.
11. Tsai CY, Chen CT, Lin CH, et al. Proteomic analysis of exosomes derived from the aqueous humor of myopia patients[J]. Int J Med Sci, 2021, 18(9): 2023-2029. DOI: 10.7150/ijms.51735.
12. Kim EB, Kim HK, Hyon JY, et al. Oxidative stress levels in aqueous humor from high myopic patients[J]. Korean J Ophthalmol, 2016, 30(3): 172-179. DOI: 10.3341/kjo.2016.30.3.172.
13. 訾迎新, 金明. 氧化应激在高度近视发病机制中的作用研究进展[J]. 眼科新进展, 2020, 40(4): 388-391. DOI: 10.13389/j.cnki.rao.2020.0090.Zi YX, Jin M. Research progress on the role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of high myopia[J]. Rec Adv Ophthalmol, 2020, 40(4): 388-391. DOI: 10.13389/j.cnki.rao.2020.0090.
14. Francisco BM, Salvador M, Amparo N. Oxidative stress in myopia[J/OL]. Oxid Med Cell Longev, 2015, 2015: 750637[2015-04-01]. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25922643/. DOI: 10.1155/2015/750637.
15. Ozawa Y. Oxidative stress in the light-exposed retina and its implication in age-related macular degeneration[J/OL]. Redox Biol, 2020, 37: 101779[2020-11-02]. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33172789/. DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101779.
16. Ham WT, Mueller HA, Ruffolo JJ, et al. Basic mechanisms underlying the production of photochemical lesions in the mammalian retina[J]. Curr Eye Res, 1984, 3(1): 165-174. DOI: 10.3109/02713688408997198.
17. Wei Q, Zhang T, Fan J, et al. Pathological myopia-induced antioxidative proteins in the vitreous humor[J]. Ann Transl Med, 2020, 8(5): 193. DOI: 10.21037/atm.2020.01.63.
18. Beuckmann CT, Gordon WC, Kanaoka Y, et al. Lipocalin-type prostaglandin D synthase (beta-trace) is located in pigment epithelial cells of rat retina and accumulates within interphotoreceptor matrix[J]. J Neurosci, 1996, 16(19): 6119-6124. DOI: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.16-19-06119.1996.
19. Lögdberg L, Wester L. Immunocalins: a lipocalin subfamily that modulates immune and inflammatory responses[J]. Biochim Biophys Acta, 2000, 1482(1-2): 284-297. DOI: 10.1016/s0167-4838(00)00164-3.
20. Taniguchi H, Mohri I, Okabe-arahori H, et al. Prostaglandin D2 protects neonatal mouse brain from hypoxic ischemic injury[J]. J Neurosci, 2007, 27(16): 4303-4312. DOI: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0321-07.2007.
21. Jaggi GP, Flammer J, Huber AR, et al. Lipocalin-like prostaglandin D synthase in subretinal fluid of detached retinas in humans[J]. Retina, 2008, 28(6): 858-863. DOI: 10.1097/IAE.0b013e3181631975.
22. Kuo HK, Chen YH, Huang F, et al. The upregulation of zinc finger protein 670 and prostaglandin D2 synthase in proliferative vitreoretinopathy[J]. Graefe's Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol, 2016, 254(2): 205-213. DOI: 10.1007/s00417-015-3022-2.
23. Loukovaara S, Nurkkala H, Tamene F, et al. Quantitative proteomics analysis of vitreous humor from diabetic retinopathy patients[J]. J Proteome Res, 2015, 14(12): 5131-5143. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.5b00900.
24. Fukuhara A, Yamada M, Fujimori K, et al. Lipocalin-type prostaglandin D synthase protects against oxidative stress-induced neuronal cell death[J]. Biocheml J, 2012, 443(1): 75-84. DOI: 10.1042/BJ20111889.
25. Wang M, Li J, Zheng Y. The potential role of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) in glaucoma: a review[J/OL]. Med Sci Monit, 2020, 26: e921514[2020-01-17]. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31949124/. DOI: 10.12659/MSM.921514.
26. Zhuang H, Zhang R, Shu Q, et al. Changes of TGF-β2, MMP-2, and TIMP-2 levels in the vitreous of patients with high myopia[J]. Graefe's Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol, 2014, 252(11): 1763-1767. DOI: 10.1007/s00417-014-2768-2.
27. Schaeffel F. Myopie-update 2011[J]. Klin Monbl Augenheilkd, 2011, 228(9): 754-761. DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1281584.
28. Wei Q, Zhuang X, Fan J, et al. Proinflammatory and angiogenesis-related cytokines in vitreous samples of highly myopic patients[J/OL]. Cytokine, 2021, 137: 155308[2020-10-28]. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33128924/. DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2020.155308.
29. Yuan J, Wu S, Wang Y, et al. Inflammatory cytokines in highly myopic eyes[J/OL]. Sci Rep, 2019, 9(1): 3517[2019-03-05]. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30837544/. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-39652-x.
30. Sun J, Wang Y, Wang J. Choroidal arterial watershed zone topography and its relationship with maculopathy in highly myopic eyes[J]. Eye (Lond), 2021, 35(9): 2624-2630. DOI: 10.1038/s41433-021-01427-y.
31. Michalczyk ER, Chen L, Fine D, et al. Pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) as a regulator of wound angiogenesis[J/OL]. Sci Rep, 2018, 8(1): 11142[2018-07-24]. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30042381/. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-29465-9.
32. Shen X, Zhong Y, Xie B, et al. Pigment epithelium derived factor as an anti-inflammatory factor against decrease of glutamine synthetase expression in retinal Müller cells under high glucose conditions[J]. Graefe's Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol, 2010, 248(8): 1127-1136. DOI: 10.1007/s00417-010-1362-5.
33. Ma B, Zhou Y, Liu R, et al. Pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) plays anti-inflammatory roles in the pathogenesis of dry eye disease[J]. Ocul Surf, 2021, 20: 70-85. DOI: 10.1016/j.jtos.2020.12.007.
34. Shin YJ, Nam WH, Park SE, et al. Aqueous humor concentrations of vascular endothelial growth factor and pigment epithelium-derived factor in high myopic patients[J]. Mol Vis, 2012, 18: 2265-2270.
35. Ogata N, Imaizumi M, Miyashiro M, et al. Low levels of pigment epithelium-derived factor in highly myopic eyes with chorioretinal atrophy[J]. Am J Ophthalmol, 2005, 140(5): 937-939. DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2005.05.037.
36. Ikuno Y, Tano Y. Retinal and choroidal biometry in highly myopic eyes with spectral-domain optical coherence tomography[J]. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci, 2009, 50(8): 3876-3880. DOI: 10.1167/iovs.08-3325.
37. Chen W, Song H, Xie S, et al. Correlation of macular choroidal thickness with concentrations of aqueous vascular endothelial growth factor in high myopia[J]. Curr Eye Res, 2015, 40(3): 307-313. DOI: 10.3109/02713683.2014.973043.
38. Wakabayashi T, Ikuno Y, Oshima Y, et al. Aqueous concentrations of vascular endothelial growth factor in eyes with high myopia with and without choroidal neovascularization[J/OL]. J Ophthalmol, 2013, 2013: 257381[2013-03-06]. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23533702/. DOI: 10.1155/2013/257381.
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Advances in research on myopic traction maculopathy

Chinese Journal of Ocular Fundus Diseases

A review of advances in intraocular fluid detection for high myopia and its relevant fundus diseases

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