Dynamic observation of infant's macular development_Chinese Journal of Ocular Fundus Diseases

Authors：

GaoYunxia , HuYanling , LyuShuyuan , 万兴丽 , 彭希 ,  陆方

Department of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China;

Corresponding author：

陆方, Email: lufang@medmail.com.cn

Keywords：

Macula lutea/anatomy & histology; Retina/growth & development; Infant,newborn/growth & development

DOI：

10.3760/cma.j.issn.1005-1015.2014.01.009

Video：

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Objective To observe the macular morphological development and thickness of retinal layers in infants. Methods Fifty-eight infants (86 eyes) were randomly selected from neonatal intensive care unit. They were divided into 4 groups according to the corrected gestational age, including <32 weeks group (10 cases, 14 eyes), 33 to 36 weeks group (26 cases, 39 eyes), 37 to 41 weeks group (12 patients, 18 eyes) and ≥42 weeks group (10 cases,15 eyes). Twelve health adults (22 eyes) were randomly selected as adult group. All infants and adults underwent a portable optical coherence tomography (OCT) examination, focus on the macular morphology. The thickness of 9 retinal layers at fovea and parafovea (750 μm, 1500 μm from central fovea) were measured, including retinal neurepithelium layer, the inner retina, the outer retina, nerve fiber layer, ganglion cell layer, inner plexiform layer, inner nuclear layer, outer plexiform layer and inner nuclear layer. The correlation between retinal thickness and corrected gestational age was analyzed. Results Macular fovea was shallow in early infancy, and then form a mature macular fovea finally with corrected gestational age. The outer retina structure was more mature than the inner retina of infants. With the increase of the corrected gestational age, the following structures gradually developed including the outer limiting membrane (OLM), the junction of inner and outer segment of photoreceptor (IS/OS), the outer segment of photoreceptor/retinal pigment epithelium layer (OS/RPE). The earliest corrected gestational age to detect the OLM, IS/OS, OS/RPE was 32⁺⁶, 35, 47⁺⁶ weeks respectively. The RPE and choroid layer became thicker gradually. There were no statistical differences between infants group and adults group (P>0.01) for the following thickness measurements, including inner retina at 750 μm parafovea, nerve fiber layer at 1500 μm parafovea, ganglion cell layer at central fovea and parafovea (750 μm, 1500 μm). The thickness of other retinal layers was different between different sites, between different corrected gestational ages, and between infants and adults groups (P<0.01). Correlation analysis found that, except of retinal ganglion cell layer, the thickness of other retinal layers was correlated with the corrected gestational age (P<0.05). Conclusions Macular fovea is shallow in early infancy, and then form a mature macular fovea finally with corrected gestational age. At infant's early stage, the outer retina of macular is gradually thickening, of which the most obvious variation are the inner nuclear layer and outer nuclear layer. But the development speed of all layers is inconformity.

Citation： GaoYunxia, HuYanling, LyuShuyuan. Dynamic observation of infant's macular development. Chinese Journal of Ocular Fundus Diseases, 2014, 30(1): 33-37. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1005-1015.2014.01.009 Copy

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1. Ozanics V, Jakobiec FA. Prenatal development of the eye and its adnexa[M]//Jakobiet FA. Ocular anatomy, embryology and teratology.Philadelphia:Harper and Row, 1982:51-63.
2. 王竫华,王大博,纪淑兴. 人眼视网膜凹陷发育的观察[J]. 青岛大学医学院学报,2000,36:82-84.
3. Polito A, Borrello MD, Isola M, et al. Repeatability and reproducibility of fast macular thickness mapping with stratus optical coherence tomography[J]. Arch Ophthalmol,2005,123:1330-1337.
4. Chan A, Duker JS, Ko TH,et al. Normal macular thickness measurements in healthy eyes using stratus optical coherence tomography[J]. Arch Ophthalmol, 2006, 124:193-198.
5. 仲路, 周欣.应用光学相干断层成像术测量正常人黄斑厚度的研究[J]. 临床研究,2009, 9:1165-1166.
6. Maldonado RS,O'Connell RV,Sarin N,et al. Dynamics of human foveal development after premature birth[J]. Ophathalmology, 2011, 118:2315-2325.
7. Hendrickson AE,Yuodelis C.The morphological development of the human fovea[J]. Ophthalmology, 1984, 91:603-612.
8. Yuodelis C,Hendrickson AE.A qualitative and quantitative analysis of the human fovea during development[J]. Vision Res, 1986, 26:847-855.
9. Hendrickson AE. Primate foveal development:a microcosm of current questions in neurobiology[J].Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci,1994,35:3129-3133.
10. Chan A, Duker JS, Ishikawa H, et al. Quantification of photoreceptor layer thickness in normal eyes using optical coherence tomography[J]. Retina,2006,26:655-660.

Chinese Journal of Ocular Fundus Diseases

Dynamic observation of infant's macular development

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