视网膜动脉栓子的流行病学研究进展_Chinese Journal of Ocular Fundus Diseases

Authors：

高新晓 ,  汪军

100029 首都医科大学附属北京安贞医院眼科;

Corresponding author：

汪军, Email: junmaster@live.cn

Keywords：

视网膜动脉; 栓塞; 胆固醇; 患病率; 发病率; 危险因素; 综述

DOI：

10.3760/cma.j.issn.1005-1015.2014.02.030

Video：

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视网膜动脉栓子在成人发病率较低, 但视网膜动脉栓子的形成与颈动脉斑块及狭窄和多种心血管疾病相关。近年来的研究表明, 视网膜动脉栓子可能提示脑卒中发作的危险性及致死率增高, 是心血管因素之外的独立高危因素。因此, 提高对视网膜动脉栓子的流行病学认识, 及时进行全面的心脑血管检查评估, 有助于及早发现、确诊和治疗心脑血管疾病, 降低心脑血管疾病的致死率。

Citation： 高新晓, 汪军. 视网膜动脉栓子的流行病学研究进展. Chinese Journal of Ocular Fundus Diseases, 2014, 30(2): 223-225. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1005-1015.2014.02.030 Copy

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2.	Merchut MP, Gupta SR, Naheedy MH. The relation of retinal artery occlusion and carotid artery stenosis[J]. Stroke, 1988, 19:1239-1242.
3.	O'Donnell BA, Mitchell P. The clinical features and associations of retinal emboli[J]. Aust N Z J Ophthalmol, 1992, 20:11-17.
4.	Howard RS, Russell RWR. Prognosis of patients with retinal embolism[J]. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry, 1987, 50:1142-1147.
5.	Butler TH. Three cases of embolism of a retinal artery[J]. Br J Ophthalmol, 1927, 11:559-563.
6.	Fisher CM. Observations of the fundus oculi in transient monocular blindness[J]. Neurology, 1959, 9:333-347.
7.	Russell RW. Observations on the retinal blood-vessels in monocular blindness[J]. Lancet, 1961, 278:1422-1428.
8.	Hollenhorst RW. Significance of bright plaques in the retinal arterioles[J]. JAMA, 1961, 178:23-29.
9.	McBrien DJ, Bradley RD, Ashton N. The nature of retinal emboli in stenosis of the internal carotid artery[J]. Lancet, 1963, 281:697-699.
10.	Russell RW. The source of retinal emboli[J]. Lancet, 1968, 292:789-792.
11.	Bruno A, Russell PW, Jones WL, et al. Concomitants of asymptomatic retinal cholesterol emboli[J]. Stroke, 1992, 23:900-902.
12.	Wong TY, Larsen EKM, Klein R, et al. Cardiovascular risk factors for retinal vein occlusion and arteriolar emboli:the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities & Cardiovascular Health Studies[J]. Ophthalmology, 2005, 112:540-547.
13.	Hoki SL, Varma R, Lai MY, et al. Prevalence and associations of asymptomatic retinal emboli in Latinos:the Los Angeles Latino Eye Study (LALES)[J]. Am J Ophthalmol, 2008, 145:143-148.
14.	Cheung N, Lim L, Wang JJ, et al. Prevalence and risk factors of retinal arteriolar emboli:the Singapore Malay Eye Study[J]. Am J Ophthalmol, 2008, 146:620-624.
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16.	Mitchell P, Wang JJ, Smith W. Risk factors and significance of finding asymptomatic retinal emboli[J]. Clin Experiment Ophthalmol, 2000, 28:13-17.
17.	Klein R, Klein BEK, Moss SE, et al. Retinal emboli and cardiovascular disease:the Beaver Dam Eye Study[J]. Arch Ophthalmol, 2003, 121:1446-1451.
18.	Cugati S, Wang JJ, Rochtchina E, et al. Ten-year incidence of retinal emboli in an older population[J]. Stroke, 2006, 37:908-910.
19.	Mitchell P, Wang JJ, Li W, et al. Prevalence of asymptomatic retinal emboli in an Australian urban community[J]. Stroke, 1997, 28:63-66.
20.	Whisnant JP, Homer D, Ingall TJ, et al. Duration of cigarette smoking is the strongest predictor of severe extracranial carotid artery atherosclerosis[J]. Stroke, 1990, 21:707-714.
21.	Wolf PA, D'Agostino RB, Kannel WB, et al. Cigarette smoking as a risk factor for stroke:the Framingham Study[J]. JAMA, 1988, 259:1025-1029.
22.	Kreis AJ, Nguyen T, Rogers S, et al. Acute retinal arteriolar emboli after cardiac catheterization[J]. Stroke, 2008, 39:3086-3087.
23.	Kojuri J, Mehdizadeh M, Rostami H, et al. Clinical significance of retinal emboli during diagnostic and therapeutic cardiac catheterization in patients with coronary artery disease[J/OL]. BMC Cardiovasc Disord, 2011, 11:5[2012-04-16]. http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2261/11/5.
24.	Ascione R, Ghosh A, Reeves BC, et al. Retinal and cerebral microembolization during coronary artery bypass Surgery:a randomized, controlled trial[J]. Circulation, 2005, 112:3833-3838.
25.	Babikian V, Wijman CA, Koleini B, et al. Retinal ischemia and embolism:etiologies and outcomes based on a prospective study[J]. Cerebrovasc Dis, 2001, 12:108-113.
26.	Hollenhorst RW. Vascular status of patients who have cholesterol emboli in the retina[J]. Am J Ophthalmol, 1966, 61:1159-1165.
27.	Bruno A, Jones WL, Austin JK, et al. Vascular outcome in men with asymptomatic retinal cholesterol emboli:a cohort study[J]. Ann Intern Med, 1995, 122:249-253.
28.	Wang JJ, Cugati S, Knudtson MD, et al. Retinal arteriolar emboli and long-term mortality:pooled data analysis from two older populations[J]. Stroke, 2006, 37:1833-1836.
29.	Trobe JD. Carotid endarterectomy:who needs it?[J]. Ophthalmology, 1987, 94:725-730.
30.	North American Symptomatic Carotid Endarterectomy Trial Collaborators. Beneficial effect of carotid endarterectomy in symptomatic patients with high-grade carotid stenosis[J]. N Engl J Med, 1991, 325:445-453.
31.	European Carotid Surgery Trialists' Collaborative Group. Endarterectomy for moderate symptomatic carotid stenosis:interim results from the MRC European Carotid Surgery Trial[J]. Lancet, 1996, 347:1591-1593.

1. Wong TY, Klein R. Retinal arteriolar emboli:epidemiology and risk of stroke[J]. Curr Opin Ophthalmol, 2002, 13:142-146.
2. Merchut MP, Gupta SR, Naheedy MH. The relation of retinal artery occlusion and carotid artery stenosis[J]. Stroke, 1988, 19:1239-1242.
3. O'Donnell BA, Mitchell P. The clinical features and associations of retinal emboli[J]. Aust N Z J Ophthalmol, 1992, 20:11-17.
4. Howard RS, Russell RWR. Prognosis of patients with retinal embolism[J]. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry, 1987, 50:1142-1147.
5. Butler TH. Three cases of embolism of a retinal artery[J]. Br J Ophthalmol, 1927, 11:559-563.
6. Fisher CM. Observations of the fundus oculi in transient monocular blindness[J]. Neurology, 1959, 9:333-347.
7. Russell RW. Observations on the retinal blood-vessels in monocular blindness[J]. Lancet, 1961, 278:1422-1428.
8. Hollenhorst RW. Significance of bright plaques in the retinal arterioles[J]. JAMA, 1961, 178:23-29.
9. McBrien DJ, Bradley RD, Ashton N. The nature of retinal emboli in stenosis of the internal carotid artery[J]. Lancet, 1963, 281:697-699.
10. Russell RW. The source of retinal emboli[J]. Lancet, 1968, 292:789-792.
11. Bruno A, Russell PW, Jones WL, et al. Concomitants of asymptomatic retinal cholesterol emboli[J]. Stroke, 1992, 23:900-902.
12. Wong TY, Larsen EKM, Klein R, et al. Cardiovascular risk factors for retinal vein occlusion and arteriolar emboli:the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities & Cardiovascular Health Studies[J]. Ophthalmology, 2005, 112:540-547.
13. Hoki SL, Varma R, Lai MY, et al. Prevalence and associations of asymptomatic retinal emboli in Latinos:the Los Angeles Latino Eye Study (LALES)[J]. Am J Ophthalmol, 2008, 145:143-148.
14. Cheung N, Lim L, Wang JJ, et al. Prevalence and risk factors of retinal arteriolar emboli:the Singapore Malay Eye Study[J]. Am J Ophthalmol, 2008, 146:620-624.
15. Klein R, Klein BE, Jensen SC, et al. Retinal emboli and stroke:the Beaver Dam Eye Study[J]. Arch Ophthalmol, 1999, 117:1063-1068.
16. Mitchell P, Wang JJ, Smith W. Risk factors and significance of finding asymptomatic retinal emboli[J]. Clin Experiment Ophthalmol, 2000, 28:13-17.
17. Klein R, Klein BEK, Moss SE, et al. Retinal emboli and cardiovascular disease:the Beaver Dam Eye Study[J]. Arch Ophthalmol, 2003, 121:1446-1451.
18. Cugati S, Wang JJ, Rochtchina E, et al. Ten-year incidence of retinal emboli in an older population[J]. Stroke, 2006, 37:908-910.
19. Mitchell P, Wang JJ, Li W, et al. Prevalence of asymptomatic retinal emboli in an Australian urban community[J]. Stroke, 1997, 28:63-66.
20. Whisnant JP, Homer D, Ingall TJ, et al. Duration of cigarette smoking is the strongest predictor of severe extracranial carotid artery atherosclerosis[J]. Stroke, 1990, 21:707-714.
21. Wolf PA, D'Agostino RB, Kannel WB, et al. Cigarette smoking as a risk factor for stroke:the Framingham Study[J]. JAMA, 1988, 259:1025-1029.
22. Kreis AJ, Nguyen T, Rogers S, et al. Acute retinal arteriolar emboli after cardiac catheterization[J]. Stroke, 2008, 39:3086-3087.
23. Kojuri J, Mehdizadeh M, Rostami H, et al. Clinical significance of retinal emboli during diagnostic and therapeutic cardiac catheterization in patients with coronary artery disease[J/OL]. BMC Cardiovasc Disord, 2011, 11:5[2012-04-16]. http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2261/11/5.
24. Ascione R, Ghosh A, Reeves BC, et al. Retinal and cerebral microembolization during coronary artery bypass Surgery:a randomized, controlled trial[J]. Circulation, 2005, 112:3833-3838.
25. Babikian V, Wijman CA, Koleini B, et al. Retinal ischemia and embolism:etiologies and outcomes based on a prospective study[J]. Cerebrovasc Dis, 2001, 12:108-113.
26. Hollenhorst RW. Vascular status of patients who have cholesterol emboli in the retina[J]. Am J Ophthalmol, 1966, 61:1159-1165.
27. Bruno A, Jones WL, Austin JK, et al. Vascular outcome in men with asymptomatic retinal cholesterol emboli:a cohort study[J]. Ann Intern Med, 1995, 122:249-253.
28. Wang JJ, Cugati S, Knudtson MD, et al. Retinal arteriolar emboli and long-term mortality:pooled data analysis from two older populations[J]. Stroke, 2006, 37:1833-1836.
29. Trobe JD. Carotid endarterectomy:who needs it?[J]. Ophthalmology, 1987, 94:725-730.
30. North American Symptomatic Carotid Endarterectomy Trial Collaborators. Beneficial effect of carotid endarterectomy in symptomatic patients with high-grade carotid stenosis[J]. N Engl J Med, 1991, 325:445-453.
31. European Carotid Surgery Trialists' Collaborative Group. Endarterectomy for moderate symptomatic carotid stenosis:interim results from the MRC European Carotid Surgery Trial[J]. Lancet, 1996, 347:1591-1593.

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