息肉样脉络膜血管病变的治疗研究进展_Chinese Journal of Ocular Fundus Diseases

Authors：

 陆秉文 , 吴星伟

200080 上海交通大学医学院附属第一人民医院眼科;

Corresponding author：

陆秉文, Email: 704487389@qq.com

Keywords：

脉络膜疾病/治疗; 激光凝固术; 光化学疗法; 抗体,单克隆/治疗应用; 综述

DOI：

10.3760/cma.j.issn.1005-1015.2014.03.028

Video：

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Abstract Full text Figures/Tables Video References Cited by

息肉样脉络膜血管病变(PCV)的治疗方法主要为激光光凝治疗、光动力疗法(PDT)治疗、抗血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)药物治疗、糖皮质激素治疗、联合治疗以及针对并发症的手术治疗等。其中,PDT联合抗VEGF药物治疗已有较多非随机、缺乏对照的临床试验结果,显示出较佳效果,是目前PCV治疗方法的主要研究方向。但最佳治疗效果仍需大规模、多中心、随机对照临床试验进一步探索。

Citation： 陆秉文, 吴星伟. 息肉样脉络膜血管病变的治疗研究进展. Chinese Journal of Ocular Fundus Diseases, 2014, 30(3): 322-325. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1005-1015.2014.03.028 Copy

1.	Pauleikhoff D.Neovascular age-related macular degeneration:natural history and treatment outcomes[J]. Retina,2005,25:1065-1084.
2.	邹文军,文峰,武志峰,等.息肉状脉络膜血管病变的随访观察[J].中华眼科杂志,2011,47:39-44.
3.	Gemmy Cheung CM,Yeo I,Li X, et al.Argon laser with and without anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy for extrafoveal polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy[J].Am J Ophthalmol,2013,155:295-304.
4.	Lafaut BA,Leys AM,Snyers B,et al.Polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy in Caucasians[J].Graefe's Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol,2000,238:752-759.
5.	Lee MW,Yeo I,Wong D,et al.Argon laser photocoagulation for the treatment of polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy[J]. Eye(Lond),2009,23:145-148.
6.	Nishijima K,Takahashi M,Akita J,et al.Laser photocoagulation of indocyanine green angiographically identified feeder vessels to idiopathic polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy[J].Am J Ophthalmol,2004,137:770-773.
7.	Yuzawa M,Mori R,Haruyama M.A study of laser photocoagulation for polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy[J].Jpn J Ophthalmol,2003,47:379-384.
8.	Sugano Y,Iida T,Maruko I,et al.Choroidal thickness outside the laser irradiation area after photodynamic therapy in polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy[J].Jpn J Ophthalmol,2013,57:294-300.
9.	Spaide RF,Donsoff I,Lam DL,et al.Treatment of polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy with photodynamic therapy[J]. Retina,2002,32:529-535.
10.	Chan WM,Lam DS,Lai TY,et al. Photodynamic therapy with verteporfin for symptomatic polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy:one-year results of a prospective case series[J].Ophthalmology,2004,111:1576-1584.
11.	Lee WK,Lee PY,Lee SK.Photodynamic therapy for polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy: vaso-occlusive effect on the branching vascular network and origin of recurrence[J].Jpn J Ophthalmol,2008,52:108-115.
12.	Silva RM,Figueira J,Cachulo ML, et al.Polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy and photodynamic therapy with verteporfin[J]. Graefe's Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol,2005,243:973-979.
13.	Mauget-Faÿsse M,Quaranta-EL Maftouhi M,de La Marnièrre E,et al.Photodynamic therapy with verteporfin in the treatment of exudative idiopathic polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy[J].Eur J Ophthalmol,2006,16:695-704.
14.	Nowak-Sliwinska P,van den Bergh H,Sickenberg M,et al.Photodynamic therapy for polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy[J]. Prog Retin Eye Res,2013,37:182-199.
15.	Gomi F,Tano Y.Polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy and treatments[J].Curr Opin Ophthalmol,2008,19:208-212.
16.	Tano Y,Ophthalmic PDT Study Group.Guidelines for PDT in Japan[J]. Ophthalmology,2008,115:585.
17.	Yamashiro K, Tsujikawa A, Nishida A, et al. Recurrence of polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy after photodynamic therapy[J]. Jpn J Ophthalmol,2008,52:457-462.
18.	Kurashige Y,Otani A,Sasahara M,et al.Two-year results of photodynamic therapy for polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy[J].Am J Ophthalmol,2008,146:513-519.
19.	Leal S,Silva R,Figueira J,et al.Photodynamic therapy with verteporfin in polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy: results after 3 years of follow-up[J].Retina,2010,30:1197-1205.
20.	Akaza E, Yuzawa M, Mori R. Three-year follow-up results of photodynamic therapy for polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy[J].Jpn J Ophthalmol,2011,55:39-44.
21.	王静,陈有信,王尔茜,等.光动力疗法治疗息肉状脉络膜血管病变随访三年效果观察[J].中华眼底病杂志,2014, 30: 54-58.
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23.	Kang HM,Kim YM,Koh HJ.Five-year follow-up results of photodynamic therapy for polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy[J].Am J Ophthalmol,2013,155:438-447.
24.	Honda S,Kurimoto Y,Kagotani Y,et al.Photodynamic therapy for typical age-related macular degeneration and polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy:a 30-month multicenter study in Hyogo,Japan[J].Jpn J Ophthalmol,2009,53:593-597.
25.	Goldstein M,Heilweil G,Barak A,et al. Retinal pigment epithelial tear following photodynamic therapy for choroidal neovascularization secondary to AMD[J]. Eye (Lond),2005,19:1315-1324.
26.	Ojima Y,Tsujikawa A,Otani A,et al.Recurrent bleeding after photodynamic therapy in polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy[J]. Am J Ophthalmol,2006,141:958-960.
27.	Hirami Y,Tsujikawa A,Otani A,et al.Hemorrhagic complications after photodynamic therapy for polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy[J]. Retina,2007,27:335-341.
28.	Musashi K, Tsujikawa A, Hirami Y, et al. Microrips of the retinal pigment epithelium in polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy. Am J Ophthalmol, 2007, 143: 883-885.
29.	Schmidt-Erfurth U,Michels S,Barbazetto I,et al.Photodynamic effects on choroidal neovascularization and physiological choroids[J].Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci,2002,43:830-841.
30.	Schmidt-Erfurth U,Schl tzer-Schrehard U,Cursiefen C,et al.Influence of photodynamic therapy on expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF),VEGF receptor 3,and pigment epithelium-derived factor[J]. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci,2003, 44: 4473-4480.
31.	Eandi CM,Ober MD,Freund KB,et al.Selective photodynamic therapy for neovascular age-related macular degeneration with polypoidal choroidal neovascularization[J].Retina,2007,27:825-831.
32.	Otani A, Sasahara M, Yodoi Y, et al. Indocyanine green angiography: guided photodynamic therapy for polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy[J].Am J Ophthalmol,2007,144:7-14.
33.	Potter MJ,Claudio CC,Szabo SM.A randomised trial of bevacizumab and reduced light dose photodynamic therapy in age-related macular degeneration: the VIA study[J].Br J Ophthalmol,2010,94: 174-179.
34.	Yamashita A,Shiraga F,Shiragami C,et al.Two-year results of reduced-fluence photodynamic therapy for polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy[J]. Am J Ophthalmol,2013,155:96-102.
35.	Matsuoka M,Ogata N,Minamino K,et al. Expression of pigment epithelium-derived factor and vascular endothelial growth factor in fibrovascular membranes from patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy[J]. Jpn J Ophthalmol,2006,50:116-120.
36.	Tong JP,Chan WM,Liu DT,et al.Aqueous humor levels of vascular endothelial growth factor and pigment epithelium-derived factor in polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy and choroidal neovascularization[J].Am J Ophthalmol,2006,141:456-462.
37.	Tsujikawa A,Ooto S,Yamashiro K, et al.Treatment of polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy by intravitreal injection of bevacizumab[J]. Jpn J Ophthalmol, 2010, 54: 310-319.
38.	Cheng CK,Peng CH,Chang CK,et al.One-year outcomes of intravitreal bevacizumab (avastin) therapy for polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy[J].Retina,2011,31:846-856.
39.	Kokame GT,Yeung L,Lai JC.Continuous anti-VEGF treatment with ranibizumab for polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy: 6-month results[J]. Br J Ophthalmol,2010,94:297-301.
40.	Saito M,Iida T,Kano M.Intravitreal ranibizumab for polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy with recurrent or residual exudation[J].Retina,2011,31:1589-1597.
41.	Hikichi T,Higuchi M,Matsushita T,et al.One-year results of three monthly ranibizumab injections and as-needed reinjections for polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy in Japanese patients[J]. Am J Ophthalmol,2012,154:117-124.
42.	Hikichi T,Higuchi M,Matsushita T,et al.Results of 2 years of treatment with as-needed ranibizumab reinjection for polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy[J].Br J Ophthalmol,2013,97:617-621.
43.	Cho HJ,Lee DW,Cho SW,et al.Hemorrhagic complications after intravitreal ranibizumab injection for polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy[J].Can J Ophthalmol,2012,47: 170-175.
44.	Marcus DM,Singh H,Lott MN,et al.Intravitreal ranibizumab for polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy in non-Asian patients[J]. Retina,2013,33:35-47.
45.	Oishi A,Kojima H,Mandai M,et al.Comparison of the effect of ranibizumab and verteporfin for polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy: 12-month LAPTOP Study results[J].Am J Ophthalmol,2013,156: 644-651.
46.	Oishi A,Miyamoto N,Mandai M,et al.LAPTOP Study: a 24-month trial of verteporfin versus ranibizumab for polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy[J].Ophthalmology,2014,121:1151-1152.
47.	Lai TY,Lee GK,Luk FO,et al.Intravitreal ranibizumab with or without photodynamic therapy for the treatment of symptomatic polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy[J]. Retina,2011,31:1581-1588.
48.	Gomi F,Sawa M,Wakabayashi T,et al.Efficacy of intravitreal bevacizumab combined with photodynamic therapy for polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy[J].Am J Ophthalmol,2010,150:48-54.
49.	Lee YH,Lee EK,Shin KS,et al.Intravitreal ranibizumab combined with verteporfin photodynamic therapy for treating polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy[J].Retina,2011,31:1287-1293.
50.	Kim SJ,Yu HG.Efficacy of combined photodynamic therapy and intravitreal bevacizumab injection versus photodynamic therapy alone in polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy[J].Retina,2011,31:1827-1834.
51.	Nemoto R,Miura M,Iwasaki T,et al.Two-year follow-up of ranibizumab combined with photodynamic therapy for polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy[J].Clin Ophthalmol,2012,6:1633-1638.
52.	Lee YA,Yang CH,Yang CM,et al.Photodynamic therapy with or without intravitreal bevacizumab for polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy: two years of follow-up[J].Am J Ophthalmol,2012,154: 872-880.
53.	Koh A,Lee WK,Chen LJ,et al.EVEREST Study: efficacy and safety of verteporfin photodynamic therapy in combination with ranibizumab or alone versus ranibizumab monotherapy in patients with symptomatic macular polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy[J].Retina,2012,32:1453-1464.
54.	Tomita K,Tsujikawa A,Yamashiro K,et al.Treatment of polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy with photodynamic therapy combined with intravitreal injections of ranibizumab[J].Am J Ophthalmol,2012,153:68-80.
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57.	Yoshida Y,Kohno T,Yamamoto M,et al.Two-year results of reduced-fluence photodynamic therapy combined with intravitreal ranibizumab for typical age-related macular degeneration and polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy[J]. Jpn J Ophthalmol,2013,57:283-293.
58.	Nakata I,Tsujikawa A,Yamashiro K,et al.Two-year outcome of photodynamic therapy combined with intravitreal injection of bevacizumab and triamcinolone acetonide for polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy[J]. Graefe's Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol,2013,251: 1073-1080.
59.	Lai TY,Lam CP,Luk FO,et al.Photodynamic therapy with or without intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide for symptomatic polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy[J].J Ocul Pharmacol Ther,2010,26:91-95.
60.	Kwok AK,Lai TY,Chan CW,et al.Polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy in Chinese patients[J].Br J Ophthalmol,2002,86:892-897.
61.	陶勇,侯婧,黎晓新.254例息肉样脉络膜血管病变的临床特征分析.中华眼底病杂志,2012,28:441-444.
62.	Sakamoto T,Sheu SJ,Arimura N,et al.Vitrectomy for exudative age-related macular degeneration with vitreous hemorrhage[J].Retina,2010,30:856-864.
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1. Pauleikhoff D.Neovascular age-related macular degeneration:natural history and treatment outcomes[J]. Retina,2005,25:1065-1084.
2. 邹文军,文峰,武志峰,等.息肉状脉络膜血管病变的随访观察[J].中华眼科杂志,2011,47:39-44.
3. Gemmy Cheung CM,Yeo I,Li X, et al.Argon laser with and without anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy for extrafoveal polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy[J].Am J Ophthalmol,2013,155:295-304.
4. Lafaut BA,Leys AM,Snyers B,et al.Polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy in Caucasians[J].Graefe's Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol,2000,238:752-759.
5. Lee MW,Yeo I,Wong D,et al.Argon laser photocoagulation for the treatment of polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy[J]. Eye(Lond),2009,23:145-148.
6. Nishijima K,Takahashi M,Akita J,et al.Laser photocoagulation of indocyanine green angiographically identified feeder vessels to idiopathic polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy[J].Am J Ophthalmol,2004,137:770-773.
7. Yuzawa M,Mori R,Haruyama M.A study of laser photocoagulation for polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy[J].Jpn J Ophthalmol,2003,47:379-384.
8. Sugano Y,Iida T,Maruko I,et al.Choroidal thickness outside the laser irradiation area after photodynamic therapy in polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy[J].Jpn J Ophthalmol,2013,57:294-300.
9. Spaide RF,Donsoff I,Lam DL,et al.Treatment of polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy with photodynamic therapy[J]. Retina,2002,32:529-535.
10. Chan WM,Lam DS,Lai TY,et al. Photodynamic therapy with verteporfin for symptomatic polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy:one-year results of a prospective case series[J].Ophthalmology,2004,111:1576-1584.
11. Lee WK,Lee PY,Lee SK.Photodynamic therapy for polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy: vaso-occlusive effect on the branching vascular network and origin of recurrence[J].Jpn J Ophthalmol,2008,52:108-115.
12. Silva RM,Figueira J,Cachulo ML, et al.Polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy and photodynamic therapy with verteporfin[J]. Graefe's Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol,2005,243:973-979.
13. Mauget-Faÿsse M,Quaranta-EL Maftouhi M,de La Marnièrre E,et al.Photodynamic therapy with verteporfin in the treatment of exudative idiopathic polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy[J].Eur J Ophthalmol,2006,16:695-704.
14. Nowak-Sliwinska P,van den Bergh H,Sickenberg M,et al.Photodynamic therapy for polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy[J]. Prog Retin Eye Res,2013,37:182-199.
15. Gomi F,Tano Y.Polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy and treatments[J].Curr Opin Ophthalmol,2008,19:208-212.
16. Tano Y,Ophthalmic PDT Study Group.Guidelines for PDT in Japan[J]. Ophthalmology,2008,115:585.
17. Yamashiro K, Tsujikawa A, Nishida A, et al. Recurrence of polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy after photodynamic therapy[J]. Jpn J Ophthalmol,2008,52:457-462.
18. Kurashige Y,Otani A,Sasahara M,et al.Two-year results of photodynamic therapy for polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy[J].Am J Ophthalmol,2008,146:513-519.
19. Leal S,Silva R,Figueira J,et al.Photodynamic therapy with verteporfin in polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy: results after 3 years of follow-up[J].Retina,2010,30:1197-1205.
20. Akaza E, Yuzawa M, Mori R. Three-year follow-up results of photodynamic therapy for polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy[J].Jpn J Ophthalmol,2011,55:39-44.
21. 王静,陈有信,王尔茜,等.光动力疗法治疗息肉状脉络膜血管病变随访三年效果观察[J].中华眼底病杂志,2014, 30: 54-58.
22. Miki A,Honda S,Kojima H,et al.Visual outcome of photodynamic therapy for typical neovascular age-related macular degeneration and polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy over 5 years of follow-up[J].Jpn J Ophthalmol,2013,57:301-307.
23. Kang HM,Kim YM,Koh HJ.Five-year follow-up results of photodynamic therapy for polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy[J].Am J Ophthalmol,2013,155:438-447.
24. Honda S,Kurimoto Y,Kagotani Y,et al.Photodynamic therapy for typical age-related macular degeneration and polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy:a 30-month multicenter study in Hyogo,Japan[J].Jpn J Ophthalmol,2009,53:593-597.
25. Goldstein M,Heilweil G,Barak A,et al. Retinal pigment epithelial tear following photodynamic therapy for choroidal neovascularization secondary to AMD[J]. Eye (Lond),2005,19:1315-1324.
26. Ojima Y,Tsujikawa A,Otani A,et al.Recurrent bleeding after photodynamic therapy in polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy[J]. Am J Ophthalmol,2006,141:958-960.
27. Hirami Y,Tsujikawa A,Otani A,et al.Hemorrhagic complications after photodynamic therapy for polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy[J]. Retina,2007,27:335-341.
28. Musashi K, Tsujikawa A, Hirami Y, et al. Microrips of the retinal pigment epithelium in polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy. Am J Ophthalmol, 2007, 143: 883-885.
29. Schmidt-Erfurth U,Michels S,Barbazetto I,et al.Photodynamic effects on choroidal neovascularization and physiological choroids[J].Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci,2002,43:830-841.
30. Schmidt-Erfurth U,Schl tzer-Schrehard U,Cursiefen C,et al.Influence of photodynamic therapy on expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF),VEGF receptor 3,and pigment epithelium-derived factor[J]. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci,2003, 44: 4473-4480.
31. Eandi CM,Ober MD,Freund KB,et al.Selective photodynamic therapy for neovascular age-related macular degeneration with polypoidal choroidal neovascularization[J].Retina,2007,27:825-831.
32. Otani A, Sasahara M, Yodoi Y, et al. Indocyanine green angiography: guided photodynamic therapy for polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy[J].Am J Ophthalmol,2007,144:7-14.
33. Potter MJ,Claudio CC,Szabo SM.A randomised trial of bevacizumab and reduced light dose photodynamic therapy in age-related macular degeneration: the VIA study[J].Br J Ophthalmol,2010,94: 174-179.
34. Yamashita A,Shiraga F,Shiragami C,et al.Two-year results of reduced-fluence photodynamic therapy for polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy[J]. Am J Ophthalmol,2013,155:96-102.
35. Matsuoka M,Ogata N,Minamino K,et al. Expression of pigment epithelium-derived factor and vascular endothelial growth factor in fibrovascular membranes from patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy[J]. Jpn J Ophthalmol,2006,50:116-120.
36. Tong JP,Chan WM,Liu DT,et al.Aqueous humor levels of vascular endothelial growth factor and pigment epithelium-derived factor in polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy and choroidal neovascularization[J].Am J Ophthalmol,2006,141:456-462.
37. Tsujikawa A,Ooto S,Yamashiro K, et al.Treatment of polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy by intravitreal injection of bevacizumab[J]. Jpn J Ophthalmol, 2010, 54: 310-319.
38. Cheng CK,Peng CH,Chang CK,et al.One-year outcomes of intravitreal bevacizumab (avastin) therapy for polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy[J].Retina,2011,31:846-856.
39. Kokame GT,Yeung L,Lai JC.Continuous anti-VEGF treatment with ranibizumab for polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy: 6-month results[J]. Br J Ophthalmol,2010,94:297-301.
40. Saito M,Iida T,Kano M.Intravitreal ranibizumab for polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy with recurrent or residual exudation[J].Retina,2011,31:1589-1597.
41. Hikichi T,Higuchi M,Matsushita T,et al.One-year results of three monthly ranibizumab injections and as-needed reinjections for polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy in Japanese patients[J]. Am J Ophthalmol,2012,154:117-124.
42. Hikichi T,Higuchi M,Matsushita T,et al.Results of 2 years of treatment with as-needed ranibizumab reinjection for polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy[J].Br J Ophthalmol,2013,97:617-621.
43. Cho HJ,Lee DW,Cho SW,et al.Hemorrhagic complications after intravitreal ranibizumab injection for polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy[J].Can J Ophthalmol,2012,47: 170-175.
44. Marcus DM,Singh H,Lott MN,et al.Intravitreal ranibizumab for polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy in non-Asian patients[J]. Retina,2013,33:35-47.
45. Oishi A,Kojima H,Mandai M,et al.Comparison of the effect of ranibizumab and verteporfin for polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy: 12-month LAPTOP Study results[J].Am J Ophthalmol,2013,156: 644-651.
46. Oishi A,Miyamoto N,Mandai M,et al.LAPTOP Study: a 24-month trial of verteporfin versus ranibizumab for polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy[J].Ophthalmology,2014,121:1151-1152.
47. Lai TY,Lee GK,Luk FO,et al.Intravitreal ranibizumab with or without photodynamic therapy for the treatment of symptomatic polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy[J]. Retina,2011,31:1581-1588.
48. Gomi F,Sawa M,Wakabayashi T,et al.Efficacy of intravitreal bevacizumab combined with photodynamic therapy for polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy[J].Am J Ophthalmol,2010,150:48-54.
49. Lee YH,Lee EK,Shin KS,et al.Intravitreal ranibizumab combined with verteporfin photodynamic therapy for treating polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy[J].Retina,2011,31:1287-1293.
50. Kim SJ,Yu HG.Efficacy of combined photodynamic therapy and intravitreal bevacizumab injection versus photodynamic therapy alone in polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy[J].Retina,2011,31:1827-1834.
51. Nemoto R,Miura M,Iwasaki T,et al.Two-year follow-up of ranibizumab combined with photodynamic therapy for polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy[J].Clin Ophthalmol,2012,6:1633-1638.
52. Lee YA,Yang CH,Yang CM,et al.Photodynamic therapy with or without intravitreal bevacizumab for polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy: two years of follow-up[J].Am J Ophthalmol,2012,154: 872-880.
53. Koh A,Lee WK,Chen LJ,et al.EVEREST Study: efficacy and safety of verteporfin photodynamic therapy in combination with ranibizumab or alone versus ranibizumab monotherapy in patients with symptomatic macular polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy[J].Retina,2012,32:1453-1464.
54. Tomita K,Tsujikawa A,Yamashiro K,et al.Treatment of polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy with photodynamic therapy combined with intravitreal injections of ranibizumab[J].Am J Ophthalmol,2012,153:68-80.
55. Sagong M,Lim S,Chang W.Reduced-fluence photodynamic therapy combined with intravitreal bevacizumab for polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy[J].Am J Ophthalmol,2012,153:873-882.
56. Ricci F,Calabrese A,Regine F,et al.Combined reduced fluence photodynamic therapy and intravitreal ranibizumab for polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy[J]. Retina,2012,32:1280-1288.
57. Yoshida Y,Kohno T,Yamamoto M,et al.Two-year results of reduced-fluence photodynamic therapy combined with intravitreal ranibizumab for typical age-related macular degeneration and polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy[J]. Jpn J Ophthalmol,2013,57:283-293.
58. Nakata I,Tsujikawa A,Yamashiro K,et al.Two-year outcome of photodynamic therapy combined with intravitreal injection of bevacizumab and triamcinolone acetonide for polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy[J]. Graefe's Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol,2013,251: 1073-1080.
59. Lai TY,Lam CP,Luk FO,et al.Photodynamic therapy with or without intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide for symptomatic polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy[J].J Ocul Pharmacol Ther,2010,26:91-95.
60. Kwok AK,Lai TY,Chan CW,et al.Polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy in Chinese patients[J].Br J Ophthalmol,2002,86:892-897.
61. 陶勇,侯婧,黎晓新.254例息肉样脉络膜血管病变的临床特征分析.中华眼底病杂志,2012,28:441-444.
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息肉样脉络膜血管病变的治疗研究进展

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