Retinal vascular characteristics and the strategy to manage retinal vascular diseases_Chinese Journal of Ocular Fundus Diseases

Authors：

 PengXiaoyan

Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Key Laboratory, Beijing 100730, China;

Corresponding author：

PengXiaoyan, Email: drpengxy@163.com

Keywords：

Retinal vessels/physiopathology; Retinal diseases/diagnosis; Retinal diseases/therapy; Editorial

DOI：

10.3760/cma.j.issn.1005-1015.2014.05.004

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The retinal vessel changes are the primary and major features of retinal vascular diseases. The retinal vessel is part of systemic vessels with its own characteristics to sustain normal retinal function. These basic characteristics are important to the correct understanding and proper treatment of retinal vascular diseases. Always keep in mind that the retinal vessels is one part of the systemic vascular system, thus retinal vascular diseases may have systemic etiology, and systemic drug administration may have a profound effects to the whole body. However retinal vascular system also has its own structural and functional characteristics, thus retinal vascular diseases are also different from the systemic diseases. Finally the main function of retinal vascular network is to maintain the neuro-retinal function, thus we should balance the vision protection and treatments against abnormal retinal blood vessels. Over-treatments may damage the retinal vision.

Citation： PengXiaoyan. Retinal vascular characteristics and the strategy to manage retinal vascular diseases. Chinese Journal of Ocular Fundus Diseases, 2014, 30(5): 446-449. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1005-1015.2014.05.004 Copy

1.	邹海东,张皙,朱剑锋,等.上海市北新泾街道糖尿病患者视网膜病变的患病率调查[J].中华眼底病杂志,2006,22:31-34.
2.	李娜,杨秀芬,邓禹,等.2型糖尿病患者自我管理水平与糖尿病视网膜病变的相关性研究[J].中华眼科杂志,2013,49:500-505.
3.	王润生,吕沛霖,张娅萍,等. 以尿激酶静脉溶栓为主治疗视网膜中央动脉阻塞115例临床观察[J].中华眼底病杂志,2012,28:466-471.
4.	彭晓燕,王景昭,李志华,等.视网膜中央静脉阻塞并发渗出性视网膜脱离的临床特征[J].中华眼科杂志,2006,42:492-495.
5.	李娟娟,李燕.视网膜中央动静脉合并阻塞的临床观察[J].中华眼底病杂志,2013,29:563-566.
6.	李志华,彭晓燕.陈旧性视网膜中央静脉阻塞的眼底及荧光素眼底血管造影表现[J].中华眼底病杂志,2007,23:202-203.
7.	王伟伟,叶俊杰,陈有信,等. 大动脉炎的眼底表现与治疗[J].中华眼科杂志,2012,48:124-130.
8.	彭晓燕,王光璐,张风,等.家族性渗出性玻璃体视网膜病变的临床观察[J].中华眼科杂志,1995,31:426-429.
9.	张琦,赵培泉.家族性渗出性玻璃体视网膜病变的荧光素眼底血管造影特征及其诊断价值[J].中华眼底病杂志,2011,27:263-266.
10.	王光璐,卢宁,王明扬.IRVAN综合征的临床特征和治疗[J].眼科研究,2006,24:191-194.
11.	彭晓燕,张风,孟淑敏,等.视网膜冷凝治疗Coats病的临床疗效观察[J].中华眼底病杂志,2005,21:187-188.
12.	Eye Disease Case-Control Study Group.Risk factors for central retinal vein occlusion[J].Arch Ophthalmol,1996,114:545-554.
13.	Diabetes Control and Complication Trial Research Group.Progression of retinopathy with intensive versus conventional treatment in the diabetes control and complications trial[J].Ophthalmology,1995,102:647-661.
14.	UK Prospective Diabetes Study Group.Tight blood pressure control and risk of macrovascular and microvascular complications in type 2 diabetes[J].Br Med J,1998,317:703-713.
15.	Hayreh SS,Zimmerman B,McCarthy MJ,et al.Systemic diseases associated with various types of retinal vein occlusion[J]. Am J Ophthalmol,2001,131:61-77.
16.	O'Donnell BA,Mitehell P.The clinical features and associations of retinal emboli[J].Aust N Z J Ophthalmol,1992,20:11-17.
17.	Howard RS,Russell RWR.Prognosis of patients with retinal Embolism[J]. Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry,1987,50:1142-1147.
18.	Merchut MP,Gupta SR,Naheedy MH.The relation of retinal artery occlusion and carotid artery stenosis[J].Stroke,1988,19:1239-1242.
19.	Hayreh SS,Podhajsky PA,Zimmerman MB.Retinal artery occlusion:associated systemic and ophthalmic abnormalities[J].Ophthalmology,2009,116:1928-1936.
20.	Eye Disease Case-Control Study Group.Risk factors for central retinal vein occlusion[J].Arch Ophthalmol,1996,114:545-554.
21.	Eye Disease Case-Control Study Group. Risk factors for branch retinal vein occlusion[J].Am J Ophthalmol,1993,116:286-296.
22.	David JE,Shima F.Balancing risk in the preservation of visual health[J].Eurotimes,2007,12:1-6.
23.	Hayreh SS,Zimmerman MB,Kimura A,et al.Central retinal artery occlusion retinal survival time[J].Exp Eye Res,2004,78:723-736.
24.	Hayreh SS,Zimmerman MB.Central retinal artery occlusion:visual outcome[J].Am J Ophthalmol,2005,140:376-391.
25.	Hayreh SS,Podhajsky PA,Zimmerman MB.Branch retinal artery occlusion:natural history of visual outcome[J].Ophthalmology,2009,116:1188-1194.
26.	Zhao Q, Peng XY,Chen FH,et al. Vascular endothelial growth factor in Coats’disease.Acta Ophthalmol,2014,92:225-228.[2013-06-13] http://www.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/aos.12158/full.
27.	Kase S,Rao NA,Yoshikawa H,et al.Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor in eyes with Coats'disease[J].Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci,2013,54:57-62.
28.	Anderson DR.Glaucoma,capillaries and pericytes 1:blood flow regulation[J].Ophthalmologica,1996,210:257-262.
29.	Dumonde D,Kasp-Grochowaska E,Graham E,et al.Anti-retinal autoimmunity and circulating immune complexes in patient with retinal vasculitis[J].Lancet,1982,2:787-792.
30.	Rao N,Wacker W,Marak G.Experimental allergic uveitis:clinicolpathological features associated with varying doses of S-antigen[J]. Arch Ophthalmol,1979,97:1954-1958.
31.	Kasp E,Graham EM, Stanford MR, et al.A point prevalence study of 150 patients with idiopathic retinal vasculitis 2:clinical relevance of antiretinal autoimmunity and circulaying immune complexes[J]. Br J Ophthalmol,1989,73:722-730.
32.	Stanbury R,Graham E.Systemic corticosteroid therapy:side effects and their management[J]. Br J Ophthalmol,1998,82:704-708.

1. 邹海东,张皙,朱剑锋,等.上海市北新泾街道糖尿病患者视网膜病变的患病率调查[J].中华眼底病杂志,2006,22:31-34.
2. 李娜,杨秀芬,邓禹,等.2型糖尿病患者自我管理水平与糖尿病视网膜病变的相关性研究[J].中华眼科杂志,2013,49:500-505.
3. 王润生,吕沛霖,张娅萍,等. 以尿激酶静脉溶栓为主治疗视网膜中央动脉阻塞115例临床观察[J].中华眼底病杂志,2012,28:466-471.
4. 彭晓燕,王景昭,李志华,等.视网膜中央静脉阻塞并发渗出性视网膜脱离的临床特征[J].中华眼科杂志,2006,42:492-495.
5. 李娟娟,李燕.视网膜中央动静脉合并阻塞的临床观察[J].中华眼底病杂志,2013,29:563-566.
6. 李志华,彭晓燕.陈旧性视网膜中央静脉阻塞的眼底及荧光素眼底血管造影表现[J].中华眼底病杂志,2007,23:202-203.
7. 王伟伟,叶俊杰,陈有信,等. 大动脉炎的眼底表现与治疗[J].中华眼科杂志,2012,48:124-130.
8. 彭晓燕,王光璐,张风,等.家族性渗出性玻璃体视网膜病变的临床观察[J].中华眼科杂志,1995,31:426-429.
9. 张琦,赵培泉.家族性渗出性玻璃体视网膜病变的荧光素眼底血管造影特征及其诊断价值[J].中华眼底病杂志,2011,27:263-266.
10. 王光璐,卢宁,王明扬.IRVAN综合征的临床特征和治疗[J].眼科研究,2006,24:191-194.
11. 彭晓燕,张风,孟淑敏,等.视网膜冷凝治疗Coats病的临床疗效观察[J].中华眼底病杂志,2005,21:187-188.
12. Eye Disease Case-Control Study Group.Risk factors for central retinal vein occlusion[J].Arch Ophthalmol,1996,114:545-554.
13. Diabetes Control and Complication Trial Research Group.Progression of retinopathy with intensive versus conventional treatment in the diabetes control and complications trial[J].Ophthalmology,1995,102:647-661.
14. UK Prospective Diabetes Study Group.Tight blood pressure control and risk of macrovascular and microvascular complications in type 2 diabetes[J].Br Med J,1998,317:703-713.
15. Hayreh SS,Zimmerman B,McCarthy MJ,et al.Systemic diseases associated with various types of retinal vein occlusion[J]. Am J Ophthalmol,2001,131:61-77.
16. O'Donnell BA,Mitehell P.The clinical features and associations of retinal emboli[J].Aust N Z J Ophthalmol,1992,20:11-17.
17. Howard RS,Russell RWR.Prognosis of patients with retinal Embolism[J]. Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry,1987,50:1142-1147.
18. Merchut MP,Gupta SR,Naheedy MH.The relation of retinal artery occlusion and carotid artery stenosis[J].Stroke,1988,19:1239-1242.
19. Hayreh SS,Podhajsky PA,Zimmerman MB.Retinal artery occlusion:associated systemic and ophthalmic abnormalities[J].Ophthalmology,2009,116:1928-1936.
20. Eye Disease Case-Control Study Group.Risk factors for central retinal vein occlusion[J].Arch Ophthalmol,1996,114:545-554.
21. Eye Disease Case-Control Study Group. Risk factors for branch retinal vein occlusion[J].Am J Ophthalmol,1993,116:286-296.
22. David JE,Shima F.Balancing risk in the preservation of visual health[J].Eurotimes,2007,12:1-6.
23. Hayreh SS,Zimmerman MB,Kimura A,et al.Central retinal artery occlusion retinal survival time[J].Exp Eye Res,2004,78:723-736.
24. Hayreh SS,Zimmerman MB.Central retinal artery occlusion:visual outcome[J].Am J Ophthalmol,2005,140:376-391.
25. Hayreh SS,Podhajsky PA,Zimmerman MB.Branch retinal artery occlusion:natural history of visual outcome[J].Ophthalmology,2009,116:1188-1194.
26. Zhao Q, Peng XY,Chen FH,et al. Vascular endothelial growth factor in Coats’disease.Acta Ophthalmol,2014,92:225-228.[2013-06-13] http://www.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/aos.12158/full.
27. Kase S,Rao NA,Yoshikawa H,et al.Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor in eyes with Coats'disease[J].Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci,2013,54:57-62.
28. Anderson DR.Glaucoma,capillaries and pericytes 1:blood flow regulation[J].Ophthalmologica,1996,210:257-262.
29. Dumonde D,Kasp-Grochowaska E,Graham E,et al.Anti-retinal autoimmunity and circulating immune complexes in patient with retinal vasculitis[J].Lancet,1982,2:787-792.
30. Rao N,Wacker W,Marak G.Experimental allergic uveitis:clinicolpathological features associated with varying doses of S-antigen[J]. Arch Ophthalmol,1979,97:1954-1958.
31. Kasp E,Graham EM, Stanford MR, et al.A point prevalence study of 150 patients with idiopathic retinal vasculitis 2:clinical relevance of antiretinal autoimmunity and circulaying immune complexes[J]. Br J Ophthalmol,1989,73:722-730.
32. Stanbury R,Graham E.Systemic corticosteroid therapy:side effects and their management[J]. Br J Ophthalmol,1998,82:704-708.

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