光相干断层扫描检查在多发性硬化视觉系统损伤及发病机制研究中的应用_Chinese Journal of Ocular Fundus Diseases

Authors：

 谢林丹 , 张旭乡

100053 首都医科大学宣武医院眼科;

Corresponding author：

谢林丹, Email: Lindanevers@163.com

Keywords：

多发性硬化/诊断; 多发性硬化/病理学; 视觉障碍/诊断; 体层摄影术, 光学相干; 综述

DOI：

10.3760/cma.j.issn.1005-1015.2015.05.028

Video：

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多发性硬化(MS)是一种中枢神经系统(CNS)的炎性脱髓鞘性疾病。视觉传导通路是CNS的重要组成部分, MS发生于CNS的病理损伤同样累及视觉系统。光相干断层扫描(OCT)检查不仅可以直观反映视网膜形态改变, 还能定量测量视网膜各层厚度及容积。以视网膜作为窗口, 通过OCT检查, 评估MS导致的视觉系统结构与功能损伤, 进而探讨MS的病理机制、神经损伤与修复, 减轻MS视觉系统损伤的危害及评估CNS预后具有重要的临床应用和基础研究价值。

Citation： 谢林丹, 张旭乡. 光相干断层扫描检查在多发性硬化视觉系统损伤及发病机制研究中的应用. Chinese Journal of Ocular Fundus Diseases, 2015, 31(5): 501-504. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1005-1015.2015.05.028 Copy

1.	Frohman EM, Racke MK, Raine CS. Multiple sclerosis--the plaque and its pathogenesis[J].N Engl J Med, 2006, 354(9):942-955.
2.	Compston A, Coles A. Multiple sclerosis[J]. Lancet, 2008, 372(9648):1502-1517.
3.	Saidha S, Sotirchos ES, Oh J, et al.Relationships between retinal axonal and neuronal measures and global central nervous system pathology in multiple sclerosis[J].JAMA Neurol, 2013, 70(1):34-43.
4.	Huang-Link YM, Fredrikson M, Link H. Benign multiple sclerosis is associated with reduced thinning of the retinal nerve fiber and ganglion cell layers in non-optic-neuritis eyes[J]. J Clin Neurol, 2015, 11(3):241-247.
5.	Costello F. The afferent visual pathway: designing a structural-functional paradigm of multiple sclerosis[J/OL].ISRN Neurol, 2013, 2013:134858[2013-11-06].http//dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/134858.
6.	Martínez-Lapiscina EH, Sanchez-Dalmau B, Fraga-Pumar E, et al. The visual pathway as a model to understand brain damage in multiple sclerosis[J].Mult Scler, 2014, 20(13):1678-1685.
7.	Sakai RE, Feller DJ, Galetta KM, et al. Vision in multiple sclerosis: the story, structure-function correlations, and models for neuroprotection[J]. J Neuroophthalmol, 2011, 31(4):362-373.
8.	Hickman SJ, Raoof N, Mclean RJ, et al. Vision and multiple sclerosis[J].Mult Scler Relat Disord, 2014, 3(1):3-16.
9.	Sisto D, Trojano M, Vetrugno M, et al. Subclinical visual involvement in multiple sclerosis: a study by MRI, VEPs, frequency-doubling perimetry, standard perimetry, and contrast sensitivity[J]. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci, 2005, 46(4):1264-1268.
10.	Gundogan FC, Tas A, Altun S, et al. Color vision versus pattern visual evoked potentials in the assessment of subclinical optic pathway involvement in multiple sclerosis[J]. Indian J Ophthalmol, 2013, 61(3):100-103.
11.	Burman J, Raininko R, Fagius J. Bilateral and recurrent optic neuritis in multiple sclerosis[J]. Acta Neurol Scand, 2011, 123(3):207-210.
12.	Optic Neuritis Study Group.The 5-year risk of MS after optic neuritis. Experience of the optic neuritis treatment trial[J]. Neurology, 1997, 49(5): 1404-1413.
13.	Optic Neuritis Study Group. Multiple sclerosis risk after optic neuritis: final optic neuritis treatment trial follow-up[J]. Arch Neurol, 2008, 65(6):727-732.
14.	Toussaint D, Perier O, Verstappen A, et al.Clinicopathological study of the visual pathways, eyes, and cerebral hemispheres in 32 cases of disseminated sclerosis[J]. J Clin Neuroophthalmol, 1983, 3(3):211-220.
15.	Green AJ, Mcquaid S, Hauser SL, et al. Ocular pathology in multiple sclerosis: retinal atrophy and inflammation irrespective of disease duration[J]. Brain, 2010, 133(6):1591-1601.
16.	Saidha S, Al-Louzi O, Ratchford JN, et al. Optical coherence tomography reflects brain atrophy in MS: a four year study[J/OL]. Ann Neurol, 2015[2015-07-18]. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ana.24487/pdf.[published onlie ahead of print].
17.	Lamirel C, Newman NJ, Biousse V. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) in optic neuritis and multiple sclerosis[J]. Rev Neurol (Paris), 2010, 166(12):978-986.
18.	Petzold A, de Boer JF, Schippling S, et al. Optical coherence tomography in multiple sclerosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis[J].Lancet Neurol, 2010, 9(9):921-932.
19.	Costello F. Evaluating the use of optical coherence tomography in optic neuritis[J/OL]. Mult Scler Int, 2011, 2011:148394[2011-03-22]. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/148394.
20.	Costello F, Coupland S, Hodge W, et al. Quantifying axonal loss after optic neuritis with optical coherence tomography[J]. Ann Neurol, 2006, 59(6):963-969.
21.	Young KL, Brandt AU, Petzold A, et al. Loss of retinal nerve fibre layer axons indicates white but not grey matter damage in early multiple sclerosis[J]. Eur J Neurol, 2013, 20(5):803-811.
22.	Siger M, Dziegielewski K, Jasek L, et al. Optical coherence tomography in multiple sclerosis: thickness of the retinal nerve fiber layer as a potential measure of axonal loss and brain atrophy[J]. J Neurol, 2008, 255(10):1555-1560.
23.	Pulicken M, Gordon-Lipkin E, Balcer LJ, et al. Optical coherence tomography and disease subtype in multiple sclerosis[J]. Neurology, 2007, 69(22):2085-2092.
24.	Perez-Rico C, Ayuso-Peralta L, Rubio-Perez L, et al. Evaluation of visual structural and functional factors that predict the development of multiple sclerosis in clinically isolated syndrome patients[J]. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci, 2014, 55(10):6127-6131.
25.	Talman LS, Bisker ER, Sackel DJ, et al. Longitudinal study of vision and retinal nerve fiber layer thickness in multiple sclerosis[J]. Ann Neurol, 2010, 67(6): 749-760.
26.	Narayanan D, Cheng H, Bonem KN, et al. Tracking changes over time in retinal nerve fiber layer and ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer thickness in multiple sclerosis[J]. Mult Scler, 2014, 20(10):1331-1341.
27.	Ratchford JN, Quigg ME, Conger A, et al. Optical coherence tomography helps differentiate neuromyelitis optica and MS optic neuropathies[J]. Neurology, 2009, 73(4):302-308.
28.	Naismith RT, Tutlam NT, Xu J, et al. Optical coherence tomography differs in neuromyelitis optica compared with multiple sclerosis[J]. Neurology, 2009, 72(12): 1077-1082.
29.	Fisher JB, Jacobs DA, Markowitz CE, et al. Relation of visual function to retinal nerve fiber layer thickness in multiple sclerosis[J]. Ophthalmology, 2006, 113(2):324-332.
30.	Klistorner A, Arvind H, Nguyen T, et al. Multifocal VEP and OCT in optic neuritis: a topographical study of the structure-function relationship[J]. Doc Ophthalmol, 2009, 118(2):129-137.
31.	Laron M, Cheng H, Zhang B, et al. Comparison of multifocal visual evoked potential, standard automated perimetry and optical coherence tomography in assessing visual pathway in multiple sclerosis patients[J].Mult Scler, 2010, 16(4): 412-426.
32.	Sriram P, Wang C, Yiannikas C, et al. Relationship between optical coherence tomography and electrophysiology of the visual pathway in non-optic neuritis eyes of multiple sclerosis patients[J/OL]. PLoS One, 2014, 9(8):102546[2014-08-24]. http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0102546.
33.	Spain RI, Maltenfort M, Sergott RC, et al. Thickness of retinal nerve fiber layer correlates with disease duration in parallel with corticospinal tract dysfunction in untreated multiple sclerosis[J]. J Rehabil Res Dev, 2009, 46(5):633-642.
34.	D rr J, Wernecke KD, Bock M, et al. Association of retinal and macular damage with brain atrophy in multiple sclerosis[J/OL]. PLoS One, 2011, 6(4):18132[2011-04-08]. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3072966/.
35.	You Y, Gupta VK, Li JC, et al. Optic neuropathies: characteristic features and mechanisms of retinal ganglion cell loss[J]. Rev Neurosci, 2013, 24(3):301-321.
36.	Burkholder BM, Osborne B, Loguidice MJ, et al. Macular volume determined by optical coherence tomography as a measure of neuronal loss in multiple sclerosis[J]. Arch Neurol, 2009, 66(11):1366-1372.
37.	Serbecic N, Aboul-Enein F, Beutelspacher SC, et al.High-resolution spectral domain-optical coherence tomography in multiple sclerosis, partⅡ-the total macular volume:the first follow-up study over 2 years[J]. Front Neurol, 2014, 5:20.
38.	Syc SB, Saidha S, Newsome SD, et al. Optical coherence tomography segmentation reveals ganglion cell layer pathology after optic neuritis[J]. Brain, 2012, 135(Pt 2):521-533.
39.	Walter SD, Ishikawa H, Galetta KM, et al. Ganglion cell loss in relation to visual disability in multiple sclerosis[J]. Ophthalmology, 2012, 119(6):1250-1257.
40.	Al-Louzi OA, Bhargava P, Newsome SD, et al. Outer retinal changes following acute optic neuritis[J/OL]. Mult Scler, 2015[2015-07-24]. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26209589.[published online ahead of print].
41.	Saidha S, Syc SB, Durbin MK, et al. Visual dysfunction in multiple sclerosis correlates better with optical coherence tomography derived estimates of macular ganglion cell layer thickness than peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer thickness[J]. Mult Scler, 2011, 17(12):1449-1463.
42.	Huang-Link YM, Al-Hawasi A, Lindehammar H. Acute optic neuritis: retinal ganglion cell loss precedes retinal nerve fiber thinning[J].Neurol Sci, 2015, 36(4):617-620.
43.	Gelfand JM, Cree BA, Nolan R, et al.Microcystic inner nuclear layer abnormalities and neuromyelitis optica[J]. JAMA Neurol, 2013, 70(5):629-633.
44.	Gelfand JM, Nolan R, Schwartz DM, et al. Microcystic macular oedema in multiple sclerosis is associated with disease severity[J]. Brain, 2012, 135(Pt 6):1786-1793.
45.	Borruat FX. In vivo identification of morphologic retinal abnormalities in neuromyelitis optica[J]. Neurology, 2014, 82(2):188.
46.	Abegg M, Zinkernagel M, Wolf S.Microcystic macular degeneration from optic neuropathy[J]. Brain, 2012, 135(Pt 12):225.
47.	Barboni P, Carelli V, Savini G, et al. Microcystic macular degeneration from optic neuropathy: not inflammatory, not trans-synaptic degeneration[J]. Brain, 2013, 136(Pt 7):239.
48.	Balk LJ, Steenwijk MD, Tewarie P, et al. Bidirectional trans-synaptic axonal degeneration in the visual pathway in multiple sclerosis[J].J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry, 2015, 86(4):419-424.
49.	Balk LJ, Twisk JW, Steenwijk MD, et al. A dam for retrograde axonal degeneration in multiple sclerosis?[J]. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry, 2014, 85(7):782-789.
50.	Klistorner A, Sriram P, Vootakuru N, et al. Axonal loss of retinal neurons in multiple sclerosis associated with optic radiation lesions[J]. Neurology, 2014, 82(24):2165-2172.

1. Frohman EM, Racke MK, Raine CS. Multiple sclerosis--the plaque and its pathogenesis[J].N Engl J Med, 2006, 354(9):942-955.
2. Compston A, Coles A. Multiple sclerosis[J]. Lancet, 2008, 372(9648):1502-1517.
3. Saidha S, Sotirchos ES, Oh J, et al.Relationships between retinal axonal and neuronal measures and global central nervous system pathology in multiple sclerosis[J].JAMA Neurol, 2013, 70(1):34-43.
4. Huang-Link YM, Fredrikson M, Link H. Benign multiple sclerosis is associated with reduced thinning of the retinal nerve fiber and ganglion cell layers in non-optic-neuritis eyes[J]. J Clin Neurol, 2015, 11(3):241-247.
5. Costello F. The afferent visual pathway: designing a structural-functional paradigm of multiple sclerosis[J/OL].ISRN Neurol, 2013, 2013:134858[2013-11-06].http//dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/134858.
6. Martínez-Lapiscina EH, Sanchez-Dalmau B, Fraga-Pumar E, et al. The visual pathway as a model to understand brain damage in multiple sclerosis[J].Mult Scler, 2014, 20(13):1678-1685.
7. Sakai RE, Feller DJ, Galetta KM, et al. Vision in multiple sclerosis: the story, structure-function correlations, and models for neuroprotection[J]. J Neuroophthalmol, 2011, 31(4):362-373.
8. Hickman SJ, Raoof N, Mclean RJ, et al. Vision and multiple sclerosis[J].Mult Scler Relat Disord, 2014, 3(1):3-16.
9. Sisto D, Trojano M, Vetrugno M, et al. Subclinical visual involvement in multiple sclerosis: a study by MRI, VEPs, frequency-doubling perimetry, standard perimetry, and contrast sensitivity[J]. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci, 2005, 46(4):1264-1268.
10. Gundogan FC, Tas A, Altun S, et al. Color vision versus pattern visual evoked potentials in the assessment of subclinical optic pathway involvement in multiple sclerosis[J]. Indian J Ophthalmol, 2013, 61(3):100-103.
11. Burman J, Raininko R, Fagius J. Bilateral and recurrent optic neuritis in multiple sclerosis[J]. Acta Neurol Scand, 2011, 123(3):207-210.
12. Optic Neuritis Study Group.The 5-year risk of MS after optic neuritis. Experience of the optic neuritis treatment trial[J]. Neurology, 1997, 49(5): 1404-1413.
13. Optic Neuritis Study Group. Multiple sclerosis risk after optic neuritis: final optic neuritis treatment trial follow-up[J]. Arch Neurol, 2008, 65(6):727-732.
14. Toussaint D, Perier O, Verstappen A, et al.Clinicopathological study of the visual pathways, eyes, and cerebral hemispheres in 32 cases of disseminated sclerosis[J]. J Clin Neuroophthalmol, 1983, 3(3):211-220.
15. Green AJ, Mcquaid S, Hauser SL, et al. Ocular pathology in multiple sclerosis: retinal atrophy and inflammation irrespective of disease duration[J]. Brain, 2010, 133(6):1591-1601.
16. Saidha S, Al-Louzi O, Ratchford JN, et al. Optical coherence tomography reflects brain atrophy in MS: a four year study[J/OL]. Ann Neurol, 2015[2015-07-18]. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ana.24487/pdf.[published onlie ahead of print].
17. Lamirel C, Newman NJ, Biousse V. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) in optic neuritis and multiple sclerosis[J]. Rev Neurol (Paris), 2010, 166(12):978-986.
18. Petzold A, de Boer JF, Schippling S, et al. Optical coherence tomography in multiple sclerosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis[J].Lancet Neurol, 2010, 9(9):921-932.
19. Costello F. Evaluating the use of optical coherence tomography in optic neuritis[J/OL]. Mult Scler Int, 2011, 2011:148394[2011-03-22]. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/148394.
20. Costello F, Coupland S, Hodge W, et al. Quantifying axonal loss after optic neuritis with optical coherence tomography[J]. Ann Neurol, 2006, 59(6):963-969.
21. Young KL, Brandt AU, Petzold A, et al. Loss of retinal nerve fibre layer axons indicates white but not grey matter damage in early multiple sclerosis[J]. Eur J Neurol, 2013, 20(5):803-811.
22. Siger M, Dziegielewski K, Jasek L, et al. Optical coherence tomography in multiple sclerosis: thickness of the retinal nerve fiber layer as a potential measure of axonal loss and brain atrophy[J]. J Neurol, 2008, 255(10):1555-1560.
23. Pulicken M, Gordon-Lipkin E, Balcer LJ, et al. Optical coherence tomography and disease subtype in multiple sclerosis[J]. Neurology, 2007, 69(22):2085-2092.
24. Perez-Rico C, Ayuso-Peralta L, Rubio-Perez L, et al. Evaluation of visual structural and functional factors that predict the development of multiple sclerosis in clinically isolated syndrome patients[J]. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci, 2014, 55(10):6127-6131.
25. Talman LS, Bisker ER, Sackel DJ, et al. Longitudinal study of vision and retinal nerve fiber layer thickness in multiple sclerosis[J]. Ann Neurol, 2010, 67(6): 749-760.
26. Narayanan D, Cheng H, Bonem KN, et al. Tracking changes over time in retinal nerve fiber layer and ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer thickness in multiple sclerosis[J]. Mult Scler, 2014, 20(10):1331-1341.
27. Ratchford JN, Quigg ME, Conger A, et al. Optical coherence tomography helps differentiate neuromyelitis optica and MS optic neuropathies[J]. Neurology, 2009, 73(4):302-308.
28. Naismith RT, Tutlam NT, Xu J, et al. Optical coherence tomography differs in neuromyelitis optica compared with multiple sclerosis[J]. Neurology, 2009, 72(12): 1077-1082.
29. Fisher JB, Jacobs DA, Markowitz CE, et al. Relation of visual function to retinal nerve fiber layer thickness in multiple sclerosis[J]. Ophthalmology, 2006, 113(2):324-332.
30. Klistorner A, Arvind H, Nguyen T, et al. Multifocal VEP and OCT in optic neuritis: a topographical study of the structure-function relationship[J]. Doc Ophthalmol, 2009, 118(2):129-137.
31. Laron M, Cheng H, Zhang B, et al. Comparison of multifocal visual evoked potential, standard automated perimetry and optical coherence tomography in assessing visual pathway in multiple sclerosis patients[J].Mult Scler, 2010, 16(4): 412-426.
32. Sriram P, Wang C, Yiannikas C, et al. Relationship between optical coherence tomography and electrophysiology of the visual pathway in non-optic neuritis eyes of multiple sclerosis patients[J/OL]. PLoS One, 2014, 9(8):102546[2014-08-24]. http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0102546.
33. Spain RI, Maltenfort M, Sergott RC, et al. Thickness of retinal nerve fiber layer correlates with disease duration in parallel with corticospinal tract dysfunction in untreated multiple sclerosis[J]. J Rehabil Res Dev, 2009, 46(5):633-642.
34. D rr J, Wernecke KD, Bock M, et al. Association of retinal and macular damage with brain atrophy in multiple sclerosis[J/OL]. PLoS One, 2011, 6(4):18132[2011-04-08]. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3072966/.
35. You Y, Gupta VK, Li JC, et al. Optic neuropathies: characteristic features and mechanisms of retinal ganglion cell loss[J]. Rev Neurosci, 2013, 24(3):301-321.
36. Burkholder BM, Osborne B, Loguidice MJ, et al. Macular volume determined by optical coherence tomography as a measure of neuronal loss in multiple sclerosis[J]. Arch Neurol, 2009, 66(11):1366-1372.
37. Serbecic N, Aboul-Enein F, Beutelspacher SC, et al.High-resolution spectral domain-optical coherence tomography in multiple sclerosis, partⅡ-the total macular volume:the first follow-up study over 2 years[J]. Front Neurol, 2014, 5:20.
38. Syc SB, Saidha S, Newsome SD, et al. Optical coherence tomography segmentation reveals ganglion cell layer pathology after optic neuritis[J]. Brain, 2012, 135(Pt 2):521-533.
39. Walter SD, Ishikawa H, Galetta KM, et al. Ganglion cell loss in relation to visual disability in multiple sclerosis[J]. Ophthalmology, 2012, 119(6):1250-1257.
40. Al-Louzi OA, Bhargava P, Newsome SD, et al. Outer retinal changes following acute optic neuritis[J/OL]. Mult Scler, 2015[2015-07-24]. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26209589.[published online ahead of print].
41. Saidha S, Syc SB, Durbin MK, et al. Visual dysfunction in multiple sclerosis correlates better with optical coherence tomography derived estimates of macular ganglion cell layer thickness than peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer thickness[J]. Mult Scler, 2011, 17(12):1449-1463.
42. Huang-Link YM, Al-Hawasi A, Lindehammar H. Acute optic neuritis: retinal ganglion cell loss precedes retinal nerve fiber thinning[J].Neurol Sci, 2015, 36(4):617-620.
43. Gelfand JM, Cree BA, Nolan R, et al.Microcystic inner nuclear layer abnormalities and neuromyelitis optica[J]. JAMA Neurol, 2013, 70(5):629-633.
44. Gelfand JM, Nolan R, Schwartz DM, et al. Microcystic macular oedema in multiple sclerosis is associated with disease severity[J]. Brain, 2012, 135(Pt 6):1786-1793.
45. Borruat FX. In vivo identification of morphologic retinal abnormalities in neuromyelitis optica[J]. Neurology, 2014, 82(2):188.
46. Abegg M, Zinkernagel M, Wolf S.Microcystic macular degeneration from optic neuropathy[J]. Brain, 2012, 135(Pt 12):225.
47. Barboni P, Carelli V, Savini G, et al. Microcystic macular degeneration from optic neuropathy: not inflammatory, not trans-synaptic degeneration[J]. Brain, 2013, 136(Pt 7):239.
48. Balk LJ, Steenwijk MD, Tewarie P, et al. Bidirectional trans-synaptic axonal degeneration in the visual pathway in multiple sclerosis[J].J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry, 2015, 86(4):419-424.
49. Balk LJ, Twisk JW, Steenwijk MD, et al. A dam for retrograde axonal degeneration in multiple sclerosis?[J]. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry, 2014, 85(7):782-789.
50. Klistorner A, Sriram P, Vootakuru N, et al. Axonal loss of retinal neurons in multiple sclerosis associated with optic radiation lesions[J]. Neurology, 2014, 82(24):2165-2172.

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光相干断层扫描检查在多发性硬化视觉系统损伤及发病机制研究中的应用

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