The correlation between choroidal thickness and diabetic retinopathy_Chinese Journal of Ocular Fundus Diseases

Authors：

Liang Anyi , Cao Dan ,  Zhang Liang

Department of Ophthalmology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangzhou 510080, China;

Corresponding author：

Zhang Liang, Email: zhangliang1@medmail.com.cn

Keywords：

Diabetic retinopathy; Choroid; Review

DOI：

10.3760/cma.j.issn.1005-1015.2017.03.026

Video：

Export PDF Favorites Scan Get Citation

Abstract Full text Figures/Tables Video References Cited by

Choroidal thickness and its relevance with retinal disease has been widely studied in recent years, as choroid is an important source of retina blood supply. Diabetic retinopathy (DR) studies have been focused on retinal vascular injury and related circulatory disorders for a long time, however recent studies have found that choroidal blood vessels are also affected by diabetes, including the thickness changes. The choroidal thickness of diabetic patients is thinner than normal. There is no conclusive conclusion about choroidal thickness and the severity of DR lesions, as the choroid thickness results are determined by multiple factors, including diseases, ocular conditions (choroidal vascular status, ocular axial length, refractory errors and other eye parameters), systemic factors (age and sex) and measurement methods. Therefore, it is necessary to calibrate the ocular and extra-ocular factors affecting choroidal thickness when trying to further clarify the relationship between the choroidal thickness and DR.

Citation： Liang Anyi, Cao Dan, Zhang Liang. The correlation between choroidal thickness and diabetic retinopathy. Chinese Journal of Ocular Fundus Diseases, 2017, 33(3): 315-318. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1005-1015.2017.03.026 Copy

1.	Hidayat AA, Fine BS. Diabetic choroidopathy: light and electron microscopic observations of seven cases [J]. Ophthalmology, 1985, 92(4): 512-522.
2.	Cao J, McLeod S, Merges CA, et al. Choriocapillaris degeneration and related pathologic changes in human diabetic eyes [J]. Arch Ophthalmol, 1998, 116(5): 589-597.
3.	Adhi M, Brewer E, Nadia K, et al. Analysis of morphological features and vascular layers of choroid in diabetic retinopathy using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography[J]. JAMA Ophthalmol, 2013, 131(10): 1267-1274. DOI: 10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2013.4321.
4.	Shiragami C, Shiraga F, Matsuo T, et al. Risk factors for diabetic choroidopathy in patients with diabetic retinopathy [J]. Graefe’s Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol, 2002, 240(6): 436-442.
5.	臧晶, 王文娟, 陈立伦, 等. 非增生型糖尿病视网膜病变患者黄斑中心凹下脉络膜厚度变化[J]. 中华眼底病杂志, 2014, 30(2): 128-131. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1005-1015.2014.02.003.Zang J, Wang WJ, Chen LL, et al. The change of subfoveal choroidal thickness in non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy patients[J]. Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis, 2014, 30(2): 128-131. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1005-1015.2014.02.003.
6.	Okamoto M, Matsuura T, Ogata N, et al. Effects of panretinal photocoagulation on choroidal thickness and choroidal blood flow in patients with severe nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy [J]. Retina, 2016, 36(4): 805-811. DOI: 10.1097/IAE.0000000000000800.
7.	Unsal E, Eltutar K, Zirtiloglu S, et al. Choroidal thickness in patients with diabetic retinopathy [J]. Clin Ophthalmol, 2014, 8: 637-642. DOI: 10.2147/OPTH.S59395.
8.	Ding X, Li J, Zeng J, et al. Choroidal thickness in healthy chinese subjects [J]. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci, 2011, 52(13): 9555-9560. DOI: 10.1167/iovs.11-8076.
9.	Regatieri CV, Branchini L, Carmody J, et al. Choroidal thickness in patients with diabetic retinopathy analyzed by spectral-domain optical coherence tomography [J]. Retina, 2012, 32(3): 563-568.
10.	Sim DA, Keane PA, Mehta H, et al. Repeatability and reproducibility of choroidal vessel layer measurements in diabetic retinopathy using enhanced depth optical coherence tomography [J]. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci, 2013, 54(4): 2893-2901. DOI: 10.1167/iovs.12-11085.
11.	Hirata M, Tsujikawa A, Matsumoto A, et al. Macular choroidal thickness and volume in normal subjects measured by swept-source optical coherence tomography [J]. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci, 2011, 52(8): 4971-4978. DOI: 10.1167/iovs.11-7729.
12.	Ferrara D, Waheed NK, Duker JS, et al. Investigating the choriocapillaris and choroidal vasculature with new optical coherence tomography technologies [J]. Prog Retin Eye Res, 2016, 52: 130-155. DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2015.10.002.
13.	Adhi M, Liu JJ, Qavi AH, et al. Choroidal analysis in healthy eyes using swept-source optical coherence tomography compared to spectral domain optical coherence tomography [J]. Am J Ophthalmol, 2014, 157(6): 1272-1281. DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2014.02.034.
14.	Murakami T, Uji A, Suzuma K, et al. In vivo choroidal vascular lesions in diabetes on swept-source optical coherence tomography [J/OL]. PLoS One, 2016, 11(8): 0160317[2016-08-01]. . DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0160317.
15.	Yamashita T, Yamashita T, Shirasawa M, et al. Repeatability and reproducibility of subfoveal choroidal thickness in normal eyes of japanese using different SD-OCT devices [J]. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci, 2012, 53(3): 1102-1107. DOI: 10.1167/iovs.11-8836.
16.	Branchini L, Regatieri CV, Flores-Moreno I, et al. Reproducibility of choroidal thickness measurements across three spectral domain optical coherence tomography systems[J]. Ophthalmology, 2012, 119(1): 119-123. DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2011.07.002.
17.	Shao L, Xu L, Chen CX, et al. Reproducibility of subfoveal choroidal thickness measurements with enhanced depth imaging by spectral-domain optical coherence tomography [J]. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci, 2013, 54(1): 230-233. DOI: 10.1167/iovs.12-10351.
18.	Margolis R, Spaide RF. A pilot study of enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography of the choroid in normal eyes [J]. Am J Ophthalmol, 2009, 147(5): 811-815. DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2008.12.008.
19.	Ikuno Y, Kawaguchi K, Nouchi T, et al. Choroidal thickness in healthy Japanese subjects [J]. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci, 2010, 51(4): 2173-2176. DOI: 10.1167/iovs.09-4383.
20.	Shin JW, Shin YU, Cho HY, et al. Measurement of choroidal thickness in normal eyes using 3D OCT-1000 spectral domain optical coherence tomography [J]. Korean J Ophthalmol, 2012, 26(4): 255-259. DOI: 10.3341/kjo.2012.26.4.255.
21.	Jirarattanasopa P, Panon N, Hiranyachattada S, et al. The normal choroidal thickness in southern Thailand [J]. Clin Ophthalmol, 2014, 8: 2209-2213. DOI: 10.2147/OPTH.S71343.
22.	Karaca EE, Ozdek S, Yalcin NG, et al. Reproducibility of choroidal thickness measurements in healthy Turkish subjects [J]. Eur J Ophthalmol, 2014, 24(2): 202-208. DOI: 10.5301/ejo.5000351.
23.	Wei WB, Xu L, Jonas JB, et al. Subfoveal choroidal thickness: the Beijing Eye Study [J]. Ophthalmology, 2013, 120(1): 175-180. DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2012.07.048.
24.	Vincent SJ, Collins MJ, Read SA, et al. Retinal and choroidal thickness in myopic anisometropia [J]. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci, 2013, 54(4): 2445-2456. DOI: 10.1167/iovs.12-11434.
25.	Herrera L, Perez-Navarro I, Sanchez-Cano A, et al. Choroidal thickness and volume in a healthy pediatric population and its relationship with age, axial length, ametropia, and sex [J]. Retina, 2015, 35(12): 2574-2583. DOI: 10.1097/IAE.0000000000000636.
26.	Ho M, Liu DT, Chan VC, et al. Choroidal thickness measurement in myopic eyes by enhanced depth optical coherence tomography [J]. Ophthalmology, 2013, 120(9): 1909-1914. DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2013.02.005.
27.	Ooto S, Hangai M, Yoshimura N. Effects of sex and age on the normal retinal and choroidal structures on optical coherence tomography [J]. Curr Eye Res, 2015, 40(2): 213-225. DOI: 10.3109/02713683.2014.952828.
28.	曾婧, 刘冉, 张新愉, 等. 正常眼后极部脉络膜厚度与性别的关系研究[J]. 中华眼科杂志, 2012, 48(12): 1093-1096. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0412-4081.2012.12.009.Zeng J, Liu R, Zhang XY, et al. Relationship between gender and posterior pole choroidal thickness in normal eyes [J]. Chin J Ophthalmol, 2012, 48(12): 1093-1096. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0412-4081.2012.12.009.
29.	Jo Y, Ikuno Y, Iwamoto R, et al. Choroidal thickness changes after diabetes type 2 and blood pressure control in a hospitalized situation [J]. Retina, 2014, 34(6): 1190-1198. DOI: 10.1097/IAE.0000000000000051.
30.	Ulas F, Celik F, Dogan U, et al. Effect of smoking on choroidal thickness in healthy smokers [J]. Curr Eye Res, 2014, 39(5): 504-511. DOI: 10.3109/02713683.2013.850099.
31.	Ulas F, Dogan U, Duran B, et al. Choroidal thickness changes during the menstrual cycle [J]. Curr Eye Res, 2013, 38(11): 1172-1181. DOI: 10.3109/02713683.2013.811258.
32.	Esmaeelpour M, Brunner S, Ansari-Shahrezaei S, et al. Choroidal thinning in diabetes type 1 detected by 3-dimensional 1060 nm optical coherence tomography [J]. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci, 2012, 53(11): 6803-6809. DOI: 10.1167/iovs.12-10314.
33.	Xu J, Xu L, Du KF, et al. Subfoveal choroidal thickness in diabetes and diabetic retinopathy [J]. Ophthalmology, 2013, 120(10): 2023-2028. DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2013.03.009.
34.	Vujosevic S, Martini F, Cavarzeran F, et al. Macular and peripapillary choroidal thickness in diabetic patients [J]. Retina, 2012, 32(9): 1781-1790.
35.	Lee HK, Lim JW, Shin MC. Comparison of choroidal thickness in patients with diabetes by spectral-domain optical coherence tomography [J]. Korean J Ophthalmol, 2013, 27(6): 433-439. DOI: 10.3341/kjo.2013.27.6.433.
36.	Querques G, Lattanzio R, Querques L, et al. Enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography in type 2 diabetes [J]. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci, 2012, 53(10): 6017-6024. DOI: 10.1167/iovs.12-9692.
37.	Esmaeelpour M, Povazay B, Hermann B, et al. Mapping choroidal and retinal thickness variation in type 2 diabetes using three-dimensional 1060-nm optical coherence tomography [J]. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci, 2011, 52(8): 5311-5316. DOI: 10.1167/iovs.10-6875.
38.	Kim JT, Lee DH, Joe SG, et al. Changes in choroidal thickness in relation to the severity of retinopathy and macular edema in type 2 diabetic patients [J]. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci, 2013, 54(5): 3378-3384. DOI: 10.1167/iovs.12-11503.
39.	Laurence S, Ecosse L, Seang M. Are myopic eyes less likely to have diabetic retinopathy?[J]. Ophthalmology, 2010, 117(3): 524-530. DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2009.07.044.
40.	Ganesan S, Raman R, Reddy S, et al. Prevalence of myopia and its association with diabetic retinopathy in subjects with type Ⅱ diabetes mellitus: a population-based study[J]. Oman J Ophthalmol, 2012, 5(2): 91-96.
41.	朱岩, 汪军, 孟忻, 等. 糖尿病视网膜病变黄斑部脉络膜厚度临床分析[J]. 中华眼底病杂志, 2014, 30(2): 132-135. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1005-1015.2014.02.004.Zhu Y, Wang J, Meng X, et al. Macular choroidal thickness in patients of diabetic retinopathy[J]. Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis, 2014, 30(2): 132-135. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1005-1015.2014.02.004.
42.	Gerendas BS, Waldstein SM, Simader C, et al. Three-dimensional automated choroidal volume assessment on standard spectral-domain optical coherence tomography and correlation with the level of diabetic macular edema [J]. Am J Ophthalmol, 2014, 158(5): 1039-1048. DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2014.08.001.
43.	Galgauskas S, Laurinaviciute G, Norvydaite D, et al. Changes in choroidal thickness and corneal parameters in diabetic eyes [J]. Eur J Ophthalmol, 2016, 26(2): 163-167. DOI: 10.5301/ejo.5000677.
44.	Zhang Z, Meng X, Wu Z, et al. Changes in choroidal thickness after panretinal photocoagulation for diabetic retinopathy: a 12-week longitudinal study [J]. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci, 2015, 56(4): 2631-2638. DOI: 10.1167/iovs.14-16226.
45.	Cho GE, Cho HY, Kim YT. Change in subfoveal choroidal thickness after argon laser panretinal photocoagulation [J]. Int J Ophthalmol, 2013, 6(4): 505-509. DOI: 10.3980/j.issn.2222-3959.2013.04.18.
46.	Takahashi A, Nagaoka T, Sato E, et al. Effect of panretinal photocoagulation on choroidal circulation in the foveal region in patients with severe diabetic retinopathy [J]. Br J Ophthalmol, 2008, 92(10): 1369-1373. DOI: 10.1136/bjo.2007.136028.
47.	Laíns I, Figueira J, Santos AR, et al. Choroidal thickness in diabetic retinopathy: the influence of antiangiogenic therapy [J]. Retina, 2014, 34(6): 1199-1207. DOI: 10.1097/IAE.0000000000000053.
48.	Yiu G, Manjunath V, Chiu SJ, et al. Effect of anti- vascular endothelial growth factor therapy on choroidal thickness in diabetic macular edema [J]. Am J Ophthalmol, 2014, 158(4): 745-751. DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2014.06.006.
49.	Lee SH, Kim J, Chung H, et al. Changes of choroidal thickness after treatment for diabetic retinopathy [J]. Curr Eye Res, 2014, 39(7): 736-744. DOI: 10.3109/02713683.2013.867064.

1. Hidayat AA, Fine BS. Diabetic choroidopathy: light and electron microscopic observations of seven cases [J]. Ophthalmology, 1985, 92(4): 512-522.
2. Cao J, McLeod S, Merges CA, et al. Choriocapillaris degeneration and related pathologic changes in human diabetic eyes [J]. Arch Ophthalmol, 1998, 116(5): 589-597.
3. Adhi M, Brewer E, Nadia K, et al. Analysis of morphological features and vascular layers of choroid in diabetic retinopathy using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography[J]. JAMA Ophthalmol, 2013, 131(10): 1267-1274. DOI: 10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2013.4321.
4. Shiragami C, Shiraga F, Matsuo T, et al. Risk factors for diabetic choroidopathy in patients with diabetic retinopathy [J]. Graefe’s Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol, 2002, 240(6): 436-442.
5. 臧晶, 王文娟, 陈立伦, 等. 非增生型糖尿病视网膜病变患者黄斑中心凹下脉络膜厚度变化[J]. 中华眼底病杂志, 2014, 30(2): 128-131. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1005-1015.2014.02.003.Zang J, Wang WJ, Chen LL, et al. The change of subfoveal choroidal thickness in non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy patients[J]. Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis, 2014, 30(2): 128-131. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1005-1015.2014.02.003.
6. Okamoto M, Matsuura T, Ogata N, et al. Effects of panretinal photocoagulation on choroidal thickness and choroidal blood flow in patients with severe nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy [J]. Retina, 2016, 36(4): 805-811. DOI: 10.1097/IAE.0000000000000800.
7. Unsal E, Eltutar K, Zirtiloglu S, et al. Choroidal thickness in patients with diabetic retinopathy [J]. Clin Ophthalmol, 2014, 8: 637-642. DOI: 10.2147/OPTH.S59395.
8. Ding X, Li J, Zeng J, et al. Choroidal thickness in healthy chinese subjects [J]. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci, 2011, 52(13): 9555-9560. DOI: 10.1167/iovs.11-8076.
9. Regatieri CV, Branchini L, Carmody J, et al. Choroidal thickness in patients with diabetic retinopathy analyzed by spectral-domain optical coherence tomography [J]. Retina, 2012, 32(3): 563-568.
10. Sim DA, Keane PA, Mehta H, et al. Repeatability and reproducibility of choroidal vessel layer measurements in diabetic retinopathy using enhanced depth optical coherence tomography [J]. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci, 2013, 54(4): 2893-2901. DOI: 10.1167/iovs.12-11085.
11. Hirata M, Tsujikawa A, Matsumoto A, et al. Macular choroidal thickness and volume in normal subjects measured by swept-source optical coherence tomography [J]. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci, 2011, 52(8): 4971-4978. DOI: 10.1167/iovs.11-7729.
12. Ferrara D, Waheed NK, Duker JS, et al. Investigating the choriocapillaris and choroidal vasculature with new optical coherence tomography technologies [J]. Prog Retin Eye Res, 2016, 52: 130-155. DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2015.10.002.
13. Adhi M, Liu JJ, Qavi AH, et al. Choroidal analysis in healthy eyes using swept-source optical coherence tomography compared to spectral domain optical coherence tomography [J]. Am J Ophthalmol, 2014, 157(6): 1272-1281. DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2014.02.034.
14. Murakami T, Uji A, Suzuma K, et al. In vivo choroidal vascular lesions in diabetes on swept-source optical coherence tomography [J/OL]. PLoS One, 2016, 11(8): 0160317[2016-08-01]. . DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0160317.
15. Yamashita T, Yamashita T, Shirasawa M, et al. Repeatability and reproducibility of subfoveal choroidal thickness in normal eyes of japanese using different SD-OCT devices [J]. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci, 2012, 53(3): 1102-1107. DOI: 10.1167/iovs.11-8836.
16. Branchini L, Regatieri CV, Flores-Moreno I, et al. Reproducibility of choroidal thickness measurements across three spectral domain optical coherence tomography systems[J]. Ophthalmology, 2012, 119(1): 119-123. DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2011.07.002.
17. Shao L, Xu L, Chen CX, et al. Reproducibility of subfoveal choroidal thickness measurements with enhanced depth imaging by spectral-domain optical coherence tomography [J]. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci, 2013, 54(1): 230-233. DOI: 10.1167/iovs.12-10351.
18. Margolis R, Spaide RF. A pilot study of enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography of the choroid in normal eyes [J]. Am J Ophthalmol, 2009, 147(5): 811-815. DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2008.12.008.
19. Ikuno Y, Kawaguchi K, Nouchi T, et al. Choroidal thickness in healthy Japanese subjects [J]. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci, 2010, 51(4): 2173-2176. DOI: 10.1167/iovs.09-4383.
20. Shin JW, Shin YU, Cho HY, et al. Measurement of choroidal thickness in normal eyes using 3D OCT-1000 spectral domain optical coherence tomography [J]. Korean J Ophthalmol, 2012, 26(4): 255-259. DOI: 10.3341/kjo.2012.26.4.255.
21. Jirarattanasopa P, Panon N, Hiranyachattada S, et al. The normal choroidal thickness in southern Thailand [J]. Clin Ophthalmol, 2014, 8: 2209-2213. DOI: 10.2147/OPTH.S71343.
22. Karaca EE, Ozdek S, Yalcin NG, et al. Reproducibility of choroidal thickness measurements in healthy Turkish subjects [J]. Eur J Ophthalmol, 2014, 24(2): 202-208. DOI: 10.5301/ejo.5000351.
23. Wei WB, Xu L, Jonas JB, et al. Subfoveal choroidal thickness: the Beijing Eye Study [J]. Ophthalmology, 2013, 120(1): 175-180. DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2012.07.048.
24. Vincent SJ, Collins MJ, Read SA, et al. Retinal and choroidal thickness in myopic anisometropia [J]. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci, 2013, 54(4): 2445-2456. DOI: 10.1167/iovs.12-11434.
25. Herrera L, Perez-Navarro I, Sanchez-Cano A, et al. Choroidal thickness and volume in a healthy pediatric population and its relationship with age, axial length, ametropia, and sex [J]. Retina, 2015, 35(12): 2574-2583. DOI: 10.1097/IAE.0000000000000636.
26. Ho M, Liu DT, Chan VC, et al. Choroidal thickness measurement in myopic eyes by enhanced depth optical coherence tomography [J]. Ophthalmology, 2013, 120(9): 1909-1914. DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2013.02.005.
27. Ooto S, Hangai M, Yoshimura N. Effects of sex and age on the normal retinal and choroidal structures on optical coherence tomography [J]. Curr Eye Res, 2015, 40(2): 213-225. DOI: 10.3109/02713683.2014.952828.
28. 曾婧, 刘冉, 张新愉, 等. 正常眼后极部脉络膜厚度与性别的关系研究[J]. 中华眼科杂志, 2012, 48(12): 1093-1096. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0412-4081.2012.12.009.Zeng J, Liu R, Zhang XY, et al. Relationship between gender and posterior pole choroidal thickness in normal eyes [J]. Chin J Ophthalmol, 2012, 48(12): 1093-1096. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0412-4081.2012.12.009.
29. Jo Y, Ikuno Y, Iwamoto R, et al. Choroidal thickness changes after diabetes type 2 and blood pressure control in a hospitalized situation [J]. Retina, 2014, 34(6): 1190-1198. DOI: 10.1097/IAE.0000000000000051.
30. Ulas F, Celik F, Dogan U, et al. Effect of smoking on choroidal thickness in healthy smokers [J]. Curr Eye Res, 2014, 39(5): 504-511. DOI: 10.3109/02713683.2013.850099.
31. Ulas F, Dogan U, Duran B, et al. Choroidal thickness changes during the menstrual cycle [J]. Curr Eye Res, 2013, 38(11): 1172-1181. DOI: 10.3109/02713683.2013.811258.
32. Esmaeelpour M, Brunner S, Ansari-Shahrezaei S, et al. Choroidal thinning in diabetes type 1 detected by 3-dimensional 1060 nm optical coherence tomography [J]. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci, 2012, 53(11): 6803-6809. DOI: 10.1167/iovs.12-10314.
33. Xu J, Xu L, Du KF, et al. Subfoveal choroidal thickness in diabetes and diabetic retinopathy [J]. Ophthalmology, 2013, 120(10): 2023-2028. DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2013.03.009.
34. Vujosevic S, Martini F, Cavarzeran F, et al. Macular and peripapillary choroidal thickness in diabetic patients [J]. Retina, 2012, 32(9): 1781-1790.
35. Lee HK, Lim JW, Shin MC. Comparison of choroidal thickness in patients with diabetes by spectral-domain optical coherence tomography [J]. Korean J Ophthalmol, 2013, 27(6): 433-439. DOI: 10.3341/kjo.2013.27.6.433.
36. Querques G, Lattanzio R, Querques L, et al. Enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography in type 2 diabetes [J]. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci, 2012, 53(10): 6017-6024. DOI: 10.1167/iovs.12-9692.
37. Esmaeelpour M, Povazay B, Hermann B, et al. Mapping choroidal and retinal thickness variation in type 2 diabetes using three-dimensional 1060-nm optical coherence tomography [J]. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci, 2011, 52(8): 5311-5316. DOI: 10.1167/iovs.10-6875.
38. Kim JT, Lee DH, Joe SG, et al. Changes in choroidal thickness in relation to the severity of retinopathy and macular edema in type 2 diabetic patients [J]. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci, 2013, 54(5): 3378-3384. DOI: 10.1167/iovs.12-11503.
39. Laurence S, Ecosse L, Seang M. Are myopic eyes less likely to have diabetic retinopathy?[J]. Ophthalmology, 2010, 117(3): 524-530. DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2009.07.044.
40. Ganesan S, Raman R, Reddy S, et al. Prevalence of myopia and its association with diabetic retinopathy in subjects with type Ⅱ diabetes mellitus: a population-based study[J]. Oman J Ophthalmol, 2012, 5(2): 91-96.
41. 朱岩, 汪军, 孟忻, 等. 糖尿病视网膜病变黄斑部脉络膜厚度临床分析[J]. 中华眼底病杂志, 2014, 30(2): 132-135. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1005-1015.2014.02.004.Zhu Y, Wang J, Meng X, et al. Macular choroidal thickness in patients of diabetic retinopathy[J]. Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis, 2014, 30(2): 132-135. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1005-1015.2014.02.004.
42. Gerendas BS, Waldstein SM, Simader C, et al. Three-dimensional automated choroidal volume assessment on standard spectral-domain optical coherence tomography and correlation with the level of diabetic macular edema [J]. Am J Ophthalmol, 2014, 158(5): 1039-1048. DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2014.08.001.
43. Galgauskas S, Laurinaviciute G, Norvydaite D, et al. Changes in choroidal thickness and corneal parameters in diabetic eyes [J]. Eur J Ophthalmol, 2016, 26(2): 163-167. DOI: 10.5301/ejo.5000677.
44. Zhang Z, Meng X, Wu Z, et al. Changes in choroidal thickness after panretinal photocoagulation for diabetic retinopathy: a 12-week longitudinal study [J]. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci, 2015, 56(4): 2631-2638. DOI: 10.1167/iovs.14-16226.
45. Cho GE, Cho HY, Kim YT. Change in subfoveal choroidal thickness after argon laser panretinal photocoagulation [J]. Int J Ophthalmol, 2013, 6(4): 505-509. DOI: 10.3980/j.issn.2222-3959.2013.04.18.
46. Takahashi A, Nagaoka T, Sato E, et al. Effect of panretinal photocoagulation on choroidal circulation in the foveal region in patients with severe diabetic retinopathy [J]. Br J Ophthalmol, 2008, 92(10): 1369-1373. DOI: 10.1136/bjo.2007.136028.
47. Laíns I, Figueira J, Santos AR, et al. Choroidal thickness in diabetic retinopathy: the influence of antiangiogenic therapy [J]. Retina, 2014, 34(6): 1199-1207. DOI: 10.1097/IAE.0000000000000053.
48. Yiu G, Manjunath V, Chiu SJ, et al. Effect of anti- vascular endothelial growth factor therapy on choroidal thickness in diabetic macular edema [J]. Am J Ophthalmol, 2014, 158(4): 745-751. DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2014.06.006.
49. Lee SH, Kim J, Chung H, et al. Changes of choroidal thickness after treatment for diabetic retinopathy [J]. Curr Eye Res, 2014, 39(7): 736-744. DOI: 10.3109/02713683.2013.867064.

Chinese Journal of Ocular Fundus Diseases

The correlation between choroidal thickness and diabetic retinopathy

Abstract Full text Figures/Tables Video References Cited by

Previous Article

Next Article

Format

Content