Pachychoroid spectrum diseases_Chinese Journal of Ocular Fundus Diseases

Authors：

Shen Jingjing ,  Yuan Yuanzhi

Department of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Hospital, Center for Evidence-based Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China;

Corresponding author：

Yuan Yuanzhi, Email: yuan.yuanzhi@qq.com

Keywords：

Central serous chorioretinopathy/diagnosis; Choroidal neovascularization/diagnosis; Retinal pigment epithelium/pathology; Optical coherence tomography; Review

DOI：

10.3760/cma.j.issn.1005-1015.2017.04.027

Video：

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Abstract Full text Figures/Tables Video References Cited by

Pachychoroid spectrum diseases includes central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC), pachychoroid pigment epitheliopathy, pachychoroid neovasculopathy, and polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy, which share common characteristics, including focal or diffused increased choroidal thickness, choroidal hyper-permeability, and dilated choroidal vessels. These diseases are likely to represent a continuum of the same pathogenic process. Similar features and association among them suggest that they may have similar etiology. It is of great clinical significance to understand the composition and typical morphological changes of pachychoroid-related diseases and to explore its possible pathogenesis.

Citation： Shen Jingjing, Yuan Yuanzhi. Pachychoroid spectrum diseases. Chinese Journal of Ocular Fundus Diseases, 2017, 33(4): 424-427. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1005-1015.2017.04.027 Copy

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1. Spaide RF, Koizumi H, Pozzoni MC, et al. Enhanced depth imaging spectral-domain optical coherence tomography[J]. Am J Ophthalmol, 2008, 146(4): 496-500. DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2008.05.032.
2. Potsaid B, Baumann B, Huang D, et al. Ultrahigh speed 1050 nm swept source/fourier domain OCT retinal and anterior segment imaging at 100,000 to 400,000 axial scans per second[J]. Opt Express, 2010, 18(19): 20029-20048. DOI: 10.1364/OE.18.020029.
3. Staurenghi G, Sadda S, Chakravarthy U, et al. Proposed lexicon for anatomic landmarks in normal posterior segment spectral-domain optical coherence tomography[J]. Ophthalmology, 2014, 121(8): 1572-1578. DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2014.02.023.
4. Warrow DJ, Hoang QV, Freund KB. Pachychoroid pigment epitheliopathy[J]. Retina, 2013, 33(8): 1659-1672. DOI: 10.1097/IAE.0b013e3182953df4.
5. Gallegopinazo R, Dolzmarco R, Gómezulla F, et al. Pachychoroid diseases of the macula[J]. Med Hypothesis Discov Innov Ophthalmol, 2014, 3(4): 111-115.
6. Balaratnasingam C, Lee W, Koizumi H, et al. Polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy[J]. Retina, 2016, 36(1): 1-8. DOI: 10.1097/IAE.0000000000000774.
7. Manayath GJ, Shah VS, Saravanan VR, et al. Polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy associated with central serous chorioretinopathy[J/OL]. Retina, 2017, 2017: E1[2017-04-25]. https://insights.ovid.com/pubmed?pmid=28445211. DOI: 10.1097/IAE.0000000000001665. [published online ahead of print].
8. Dansingani KK, Balaratnasingam C, Naysan J, et al. En face imaging of pachychoroid spectrum disorders with swept-source optical coherence tomography[J]. Retina, 2016, 36(3): 499-516. DOI: 10.1097/IAE.0000000000000742.
9. Ersoz MG, Karacorlu M, Arf S, et al. Outer nuclear layer thinning in pachychoroid pigment epitheliopathy[J/OL]. Retina, 2017, 2017: E1[2017-04-19]. http://insights.ovid.com/pubmed?pmid=28426630. DOI: 10.1097/IAE.0000000000001655. [published online ahead of print].
10. Yu PK, Tan PE, Cringle SJ, et al. Phenotypic heterogeneity in the endothelium of the human vortex vein system[J]. Exp Eye Res, 2013, 115: 144-152. DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2013.07.006.
11. Tan PEZ, Yu PK, Cringle SJ, et al. Regional heterogeneity of endothelial cells in the porcine vortex vein system[J]. Microvasc Res, 2013, 89: 70-79. DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2013.06.004.
12. Chung SE, Kang SW, Kim JH, et al. Engorgement of vortex vein and polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy[J]. Retina, 2013, 33(4): 834-840. DOI: 10.1097/IAE.0b013e31826af540.
13. Nakashizuka H, Mitsumata M, Okisaka S, et al. Clinicopathologic findings in polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy[J]. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci, 2008, 49(11): 4729. DOI: 10.1167/iovs.08-2134.
14. Tong J, Chan W, Liu DTL, et al. Aqueous humor levels of vascular endothelial growth factor and pigment epithelium derived factor in polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy and choroidal neovascularization[J]. Am J Ophthalmol, 2006, 141(3): 456-462. DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2005.10.012.
15. Matsuoka M, Ogata N, Otsuji T, et al. Expression of pigment epithelium derived factor and vascular endothelial growth factor in choroidal neovascular membranes and polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy[J]. Br J Ophthalmol, 2004, 88(6): 809-815.
16. Wang M, Munch IC, Hasler PW, et al. Central serous chorioretinopathy[J]. Acta Ophthalmol, 2008, 86(2): 126-145. DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0420.2007.00889.x.
17. 周才喜, 杨荣, 刘志强, 等. 中心性浆液性脉络膜视网膜病变神经上皮脱离区的频域光相干断层扫描观察[J]. 中华眼底病杂志, 2009, 25(3): 169-171. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1005-1015.2009.03.003.Zhou CX, Yang R, Liu ZQ, et al. Morphologic changes of central serous chorioretinopathy evaluated by Fourier-domain optical coherence tomography[J]. Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis, 2009, 25(3): 169-171. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1005-1015.2009.03.003.
18. Imamura Y, Fujiwara T, Margolis R, et al. Enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography of the choroid in central serous chorioretinopathy[J]. Retina, 2009, 29(10): 1469-1473. DOI: 10.1097/IAE.0b013e3181be0a83.
19. Brandl C, Helbig H, Gamulescu MA. Choroidal thickness measurements during central serous chorioretinopathy treatment [J]. Int Ophthalmol, 2014, 34(1): 7-13. DOI: 10.1007/s10792-013-9774-y.
20. Nathaniel RC, Sledz E, Elshatory Y, et al. Dysfunctional autonomic regulation of the choroid in central serous chorioretinopathy[J/OL]. Retina, 2017, 2017: E1[2017-05-09]. http://insights.ovid.com/pubmed?pmid=28489693. DOI: 10.1097/IAE.0000000000001677.[published online ahead of print].
21. Nicolò M, Rosa R, Musetti D, et al. Choroidal vascular flow area in central serous chorioretinopathy using swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography[J]. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci, 2017, 58(4): 2002-2010. DOI: 10.1167/iovs.17-21417.
22. Chung Y, Kim JW, Kim SW, et al. Choroidal thickness in patients with central serous chorioretinopathy[J]. Retina, 2016, 36(9): 1652-1657. DOI: 10.1097/IAE.0000000000000998.
23. Matet A, Daruich A, Zola M, et al. Risk factors for recurrences of central serous chorioretinopathy[J/OL]. Retina, 2017, 2017: E1[2017-05-29]. http://insights.ovid.com/pubmed?pmid=28570485. DOI: 10.1097/IAE.0000000000001729. [published online ahead of print].
24. Razavi S, Souied EH, Cavallero E, et al. Assessment of choroidal topographic changes by swept source optical coherence tomography after photodynamic therapy for central serous chorioretinopathy [J]. Am J Ophthalmol, 2014, 157(4): 852-860. DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2013.12.029.
25. Gergely R, Kovács I, Schneider M, et al. Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist treatment in bilateral chronic central serous chorioretinopathy[J]. Retina, 2017, 37(6): 1084-1091. DOI: 10.1097/IAE.0000000000001303.
26. Pang CE, Freund KB. Pachychoroid pigment epitheliopathy may masquerade as acute retinal pigment epitheliitis[J]. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci, 2014, 55(8): 5252. DOI: 10.1167/iovs.14-14959.
27. Cho HJ, Han SY, Cho SW, et al. Acute retinal pigment epitheliitis: spectral-domain optical coherence tomography findings in 18 cases[J]. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci, 2014, 55(5): 3314-3319. DOI: 10.1167/iovs.14-14324.
28. Pichi F, Morara M, Veronese C, et al. The overlapping spectrum of flat irregular pigment epithelial detachment investigated by optical coherence tomography angiography[J/OL]. International Ophthalmology, 2017, 2017: E1[2017-05-11]. https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10792-017-0547-x. DOI: 10.1007/s10792-017-0547-x. [published online ahead of print].
29. Fung AT, Yannuzzi LA, Freund KB. Type 1 (sub-retinal pigment epithelial) neovascularization in central serous chorioretinopathy masquerading as neovascular age-related macular degeneration[J]. Retina, 2012, 32(9): 1829-1837. DOI: 10.1097/IAE.0b013e3182680a66.
30. Pang CE, Freund KB. Pachychoroid neovasculopathy[J]. Retina, 2015, 35(1): 1-9. DOI: 10.1097/IAE.0000000000000331.
31. Kokame GT. Polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy-a type Ⅰ polypoidal subretinal neovasculopathy[J]. Open Ophthalmol J, 2013, 7(1): 82-84. DOI: 10.2174/1874364101307010082.
32. Dansingani KK, Balaratnasingam C, Klufas MA, et al. Optical coherence tomography angiography of shallow irregular pigment epithelial detachments in pachychoroid spectrum disease[J]. Am J Ophthalmol, 2015, 160(6): 1243-1254. DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2015.08.028.
33. Azar G, Wolff B, Mauget-Faÿsse M, et al. Pachychoroid neovasculopathy: aspect on optical coherence tomography angiography[J]. Acta Ophthalmol, 2017, 95(4): 421-427. DOI: 10.1111/aos.13221.
34. Falavarjani KG, Sarraf D. Optical coherence tomography angiography of the retina and choroid; current applications and future directions[J]. J Curr Ophthalmol, 2017, 29(1): 1-4. DOI: 10.1016/j.joco.2017.02.005.
35. Miyake M, Ooto S, Yamashiro K, et al. Pachychoroid neovasculopathy and age-related macular degeneration[J]. Sci Rep, 2015, 5: 16204. DOI: 10.1038/srep16204.
36. Hata M, Yamashiro K, Ooto S, et al. Intraocular vascular endothelial growth factor levels in pachychoroid neovasculopathy and neovascular age-related macular degeneration[J]. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci, 2017, 58(1): 292-298. DOI: 10.1167/iovs.16-20967.
37. 陈有信, 王琼. 进一步重视加强息肉样脉络膜血管病变分型及影响因素研究[J]. 中华眼底病杂志, 2017, 33(3): 230-234. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1005-1015.2017.03.003.Chen YX, Wang Q. Classification of polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy and its influencing factors[J]. Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis, 2017, 33(3): 230-234. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1005-1015.2017.03.003.
38. 刘姝林, 陈有信. 息肉状脉络膜血管病变的诊断及治疗进展[J]. 中华眼视光学与视觉科学杂志, 2012, 14(8): 509-512. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1674-845X.2012.08.015.Liu SL, Chen YX. Advances in the diagnosis and treatment of polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy[J]. Chin J Ophthalmol Vis Sci, 2012, 14(8): 509-512. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1674-845X.2012.08.015.
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