Analysis Methods of Short term Non linear Heart Rate Variability and Their Application in Clinical Medicine_Journal of Biomedical Engineering

Authors：

 CHIXianglin ^1,2 , ZHOUJianhua ³ , SHIPing ⁴ , LIUChengyu ^5,6

1. Department of Neurology, Weihai City Central Hospital Affiliated to Weifang Medical College, Weihai 264400, China;
2. Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan 250012, China;
3. Department of Cardiology, Weihai City Central Hospital Affiliated to Weifang Medical College, Weihai 264400, China;
4. Graduate School, Clinical School, Weifang Medical College, Weifang 261053, China;
5. School of Information Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China;
6. Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 4LP,;

Corresponding author：

CHIXianglin, Email: chixl0631@163.com

Keywords：

hort term heart rate variability; non linear analysis; fractal dimension; entropy; complexity

DOI：

10.7507/1001-5515.20160035

Video：

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The linear analysis for heart rate variability (HRV), including time domain method, frequency domain method and timefrequency analysis, has reached a lot of consensus. The nonlinear analysis has also been widely applied in biomedical and clinical researches. However, for nonlinear HRV analysis, especially for shortterm nonlinear HRV analysis, controversy still exists, and a unified standard and conclusion has not been formed. This paper reviews and discusses three shortterm nonlinear HRV analysis methods (fractal dimension, entropy and complexity) and their principles, progresses and problems in clinical application in detail, in order to provide a reference for accurate application in clinical medicine.

Citation： CHIXianglin, ZHOUJianhua, SHIPing, LIUChengyu. Analysis Methods of Short term Non linear Heart Rate Variability and Their Application in Clinical Medicine. Journal of Biomedical Engineering, 2016, 33(1): 193-200. doi: 10.7507/1001-5515.20160035 Copy

1.	LEWIS M J, MCNARRY M A. Influence of age and aerobic fitness on the multifractal characteristics of electrocardiographic RR time-series[J] . Front Physiol, 2013, 4: 100.
2.	MERCY CLEETUS H M, SINGH D. Multifractal application on electrocardiogram [J] . J Med Eng Technol, 2014, 38(1): 55-61.
3.	HUMEAU-HEURTIER A, MAH G, CHAPEAU-BLONDEAU F, et al. Study of time reversibility/irreversibility of cardiovascular data: theoretical results and application to laser Doppler flowmetry and heart rate variability signals[J] . Phys Med Biol, 2012, 57(13): 4335-4351.
4.	DANIOWICZ-SZYMANOWICZ L, FIGURA-CHMIELEWSKA M, RATKOWSKI W, et al. Effect of various forms of physical training on the autonomic nervous system activity in patients with acute myocardial infarction[J] . Kardiol Pol, 2013, 71(6): 558-565.
5.	ALETTI F, FERRARIO M, DE JESUS T B, et al. Heart rate variability in children with cyanotic and acyanotic congenital heart disease: analysis by spectral and non linear indices[J] . Conf Proc IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc, 2012: 4189-4192.
6.	NEVES V R, TAKAHASHI A C, DO SANTOS-HISS M D, et al. Linear and nonlinear analysis of heart rate variability in coronary disease[J] . Clin Auton Res, 2012, 22(4): 175-183.
7.	HO Y L, LIN Chen, LIN Y H, et al. The prognostic value of non-linear analysis of heart rate variability in patients with congestive heart failure--a pilot study of multiscale entropy[J] . PLoS One, 2011, 6(4): e18699.
8.	LIU Guanzheng, WANG Lei, WANG Qian, et al. A new approach to detect congestive heart failure using short-term heart rate variability measures[J] . PLoS One, 2014, 9(4): e93399.
9.	宋节洁,刘琳,黎莉.短时非线性心率变异性对心力衰竭患者心功能的评价[J] .山东大学学报:医学版,2012,50(1):97-100, 108.
10.	李锦,刘大钊.昼夜节律下心率变异性信号的熵信息和谱特征[J] .物理学报,2012,61(20):547-552.
11.	BIAN Chunhua, QIN Chang, MA Q D, et al. Modified permutation-entropy analysis of heartbeat dynamics[J] . Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys, 2012, 85(2 Pt 1): 021906.
12.	KEKOVIAĆ G, MILOVANOVIAĆU B, DAVIDOVI AĆU D, et al. Comparative effect of bisoprolol and losartan in the treatment of essential hypertension[J] . J Res Med Sci, 2012, 17(11): 1027-1032.
13.	MILLAR P J, LEVY A S, MCGOWAN C L, et al. Isometric handgrip training lowers blood pressure and increases heart rate complexity in medicated hypertensive patients[J] . Scand J Med Sci Sports, 2013, 23(5): 620-626.
14.	MOURA-TONELLO S C, TAKAHASHI A C, FRANCISCO C O, et al. Influence of type 2 diabetes on symbolic analysis and complexity of heart rate variability in men[J] . Diabetol Metab Syndr, 2014, 6(1): 13.
15.	SKINNER J E, WEISS D N, ANCHIN J M, et al. Nonlinear PD2i heart rate complexity algorithm detects autonomic neuropathy in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus[J] . Clin Neurophysiol, 2011, 122(7): 1457-1462.
16.	FAUST O, ACHARYA U R, MOLINARI F, et al. Linear and non-linear analysis of cardiac health in diabetic subjects[J]. Biomed Signal Process Control, 2012, 7(3): 295-302.
17.	RAJENDRA ACHARYA U, FAUST O, ADIB KADRI N, et al. Automated identification of normal and diabetes heart rate signals using nonlinear measures[J] . Comput Biol Med, 2013, 43(10): 1523-1529.
18.	ALCARAZ R, HORNERO F, MARTNEZ A, et al. Short-time regularity assessment of fibrillatory waves from the surface ECG in atrial fibrillation[J] . Physiol Meas, 2012, 33(6): 969-984.
19.	HORIE T. Approximate entropy of electrocardiogram signals in atrial fibrillation[J] . Rinsho Byori, 2013, 61(10): 893-899.
20.	CAI Yuanyuan, QIU Yihong, WEI Lan, et al. Complex character analysis of heart rate variability following brain asphyxia[J]. Med Eng Phys, 2006, 28(4): 297-303.
21.	GRAFF B, GASECKI D, ROJEK A, et al. Heart rate variability and functional outcome in ischemic stroke: a multiparameter approach[J]. J Hypertens, 2013, 31(8): 1629-1636.
22.	PERRING S, JONES E. Assessment of changes in cardiac autonomic tone resulting from inflammatory response to the influenza vaccination[J] . Clin Physiol Funct Imaging, 2012, 32(6): 437-444.
23.	SUZUKI M, HIROSHI T, AOYAMA T, et al. Nonlinear measures of heart rate variability and mortality risk in hemodialysis patients[J]. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol, 2012, 7(9): 1454-1460.
24.	VANDEPUT S, VERHEYDEN B, AUBERT A E, et al. Nonlinear heart rate dynamics: circadian profile and influence of age and gender[J]. Med Eng Phys, 2012, 34(1): 108-117.〖JP〗.
25.	CYSARZ D, LINHARD M, EDELHUSER F, et al. Unexpected course of nonlinear cardiac interbeat interval dynamics during childhood and adolescence[J]. PLoS One, 2011, 6(5): e19400.
26.	CHEN Ying, CHEN Wenxi. Seasonal chaotic features of pulse rate in a healthy subject and a patient after coronary stenting[J] . Conf Proc IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc, 2010: 2549-2552.〖JP〗.
27.	KIM J H, YI S H, LEE J, et al. Effects of clozapine on heart rate dynamics and their relationship with therapeutic response in treatment-resistant schizophrenia[J]. J Clin Psychopharmacol, 2013, 33(1): 69-73.
28.	VALENZA G, ALLEGRINI P, LANAT A, et al. Dominant lyapunov exponent and approximate entropy in heart rate variability during emotional visual elicitation[J]. Front Neuroeng, 2012, 5:3.
29.	XU D, SHOEMAKER J K, BLABER A P, et al. Reduced heart rate variability during sleep in long-duration spaceflight[J].Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol, 2013, 305(2): R164-R170.

1. LEWIS M J, MCNARRY M A. Influence of age and aerobic fitness on the multifractal characteristics of electrocardiographic RR time-series[J] . Front Physiol, 2013, 4: 100.
2. MERCY CLEETUS H M, SINGH D. Multifractal application on electrocardiogram [J] . J Med Eng Technol, 2014, 38(1): 55-61.
3. HUMEAU-HEURTIER A, MAH G, CHAPEAU-BLONDEAU F, et al. Study of time reversibility/irreversibility of cardiovascular data: theoretical results and application to laser Doppler flowmetry and heart rate variability signals[J] . Phys Med Biol, 2012, 57(13): 4335-4351.
4. DANIOWICZ-SZYMANOWICZ L, FIGURA-CHMIELEWSKA M, RATKOWSKI W, et al. Effect of various forms of physical training on the autonomic nervous system activity in patients with acute myocardial infarction[J] . Kardiol Pol, 2013, 71(6): 558-565.
5. ALETTI F, FERRARIO M, DE JESUS T B, et al. Heart rate variability in children with cyanotic and acyanotic congenital heart disease: analysis by spectral and non linear indices[J] . Conf Proc IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc, 2012: 4189-4192.
6. NEVES V R, TAKAHASHI A C, DO SANTOS-HISS M D, et al. Linear and nonlinear analysis of heart rate variability in coronary disease[J] . Clin Auton Res, 2012, 22(4): 175-183.
7. HO Y L, LIN Chen, LIN Y H, et al. The prognostic value of non-linear analysis of heart rate variability in patients with congestive heart failure--a pilot study of multiscale entropy[J] . PLoS One, 2011, 6(4): e18699.
8. LIU Guanzheng, WANG Lei, WANG Qian, et al. A new approach to detect congestive heart failure using short-term heart rate variability measures[J] . PLoS One, 2014, 9(4): e93399.
9. 宋节洁,刘琳,黎莉.短时非线性心率变异性对心力衰竭患者心功能的评价[J] .山东大学学报:医学版,2012,50(1):97-100, 108.
10. 李锦,刘大钊.昼夜节律下心率变异性信号的熵信息和谱特征[J] .物理学报,2012,61(20):547-552.
11. BIAN Chunhua, QIN Chang, MA Q D, et al. Modified permutation-entropy analysis of heartbeat dynamics[J] . Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys, 2012, 85(2 Pt 1): 021906.
12. KEKOVIAĆ G, MILOVANOVIAĆU B, DAVIDOVI AĆU D, et al. Comparative effect of bisoprolol and losartan in the treatment of essential hypertension[J] . J Res Med Sci, 2012, 17(11): 1027-1032.
13. MILLAR P J, LEVY A S, MCGOWAN C L, et al. Isometric handgrip training lowers blood pressure and increases heart rate complexity in medicated hypertensive patients[J] . Scand J Med Sci Sports, 2013, 23(5): 620-626.
14. MOURA-TONELLO S C, TAKAHASHI A C, FRANCISCO C O, et al. Influence of type 2 diabetes on symbolic analysis and complexity of heart rate variability in men[J] . Diabetol Metab Syndr, 2014, 6(1): 13.
15. SKINNER J E, WEISS D N, ANCHIN J M, et al. Nonlinear PD2i heart rate complexity algorithm detects autonomic neuropathy in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus[J] . Clin Neurophysiol, 2011, 122(7): 1457-1462.
16. FAUST O, ACHARYA U R, MOLINARI F, et al. Linear and non-linear analysis of cardiac health in diabetic subjects[J]. Biomed Signal Process Control, 2012, 7(3): 295-302.
17. RAJENDRA ACHARYA U, FAUST O, ADIB KADRI N, et al. Automated identification of normal and diabetes heart rate signals using nonlinear measures[J] . Comput Biol Med, 2013, 43(10): 1523-1529.
18. ALCARAZ R, HORNERO F, MARTNEZ A, et al. Short-time regularity assessment of fibrillatory waves from the surface ECG in atrial fibrillation[J] . Physiol Meas, 2012, 33(6): 969-984.
19. HORIE T. Approximate entropy of electrocardiogram signals in atrial fibrillation[J] . Rinsho Byori, 2013, 61(10): 893-899.
20. CAI Yuanyuan, QIU Yihong, WEI Lan, et al. Complex character analysis of heart rate variability following brain asphyxia[J]. Med Eng Phys, 2006, 28(4): 297-303.
21. GRAFF B, GASECKI D, ROJEK A, et al. Heart rate variability and functional outcome in ischemic stroke: a multiparameter approach[J]. J Hypertens, 2013, 31(8): 1629-1636.
22. PERRING S, JONES E. Assessment of changes in cardiac autonomic tone resulting from inflammatory response to the influenza vaccination[J] . Clin Physiol Funct Imaging, 2012, 32(6): 437-444.
23. SUZUKI M, HIROSHI T, AOYAMA T, et al. Nonlinear measures of heart rate variability and mortality risk in hemodialysis patients[J]. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol, 2012, 7(9): 1454-1460.
24. VANDEPUT S, VERHEYDEN B, AUBERT A E, et al. Nonlinear heart rate dynamics: circadian profile and influence of age and gender[J]. Med Eng Phys, 2012, 34(1): 108-117.〖JP〗.
25. CYSARZ D, LINHARD M, EDELHUSER F, et al. Unexpected course of nonlinear cardiac interbeat interval dynamics during childhood and adolescence[J]. PLoS One, 2011, 6(5): e19400.
26. CHEN Ying, CHEN Wenxi. Seasonal chaotic features of pulse rate in a healthy subject and a patient after coronary stenting[J] . Conf Proc IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc, 2010: 2549-2552.〖JP〗.
27. KIM J H, YI S H, LEE J, et al. Effects of clozapine on heart rate dynamics and their relationship with therapeutic response in treatment-resistant schizophrenia[J]. J Clin Psychopharmacol, 2013, 33(1): 69-73.
28. VALENZA G, ALLEGRINI P, LANAT A, et al. Dominant lyapunov exponent and approximate entropy in heart rate variability during emotional visual elicitation[J]. Front Neuroeng, 2012, 5:3.
29. XU D, SHOEMAKER J K, BLABER A P, et al. Reduced heart rate variability during sleep in long-duration spaceflight[J].Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol, 2013, 305(2): R164-R170.

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