Effects of Etomidate on mRNA Expression of Ion Channels in <i>Daphnia Pulex</i>_Journal of Biomedical Engineering

Authors：

HUAnmin ¹ , JIANGYe ² , GAOHong ² , ZHANGWeiyi ¹ ,  DUGuizhi ¹

1. Laboratory of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China;
2. Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guiyang Medical College, Guiyang 550004, China;

Corresponding author：

DUGuizhi, Email: du_guizhi@yahoo.com

Keywords：

daphnia pulex; etomidate; ion channel; gene expression

DOI：

10.7507/1001-5515.20160082

Video：

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Ion channels are involved in the mechanism of anesthetic action and side effect. The transcription and expression of ion channel genes can be modulated by general anesthetics. The adverse effect of continuous infusion of etomidate has been concerned. However, the effects of etomidate on mRNA expressions of ion channel genes remain unclear. In this study, we exposed Daphnia pulex in 250 μmol/L of etomidate for 240 min and observed the change of heart rate, phototactic behavior and blood glucose during the period of exposure, as well as the mRNA expressions of 120 ion channel genes at the end of the experiment. Compared to the controls, heart rate, phototactic behavior and blood glucose were not influenced by 250 μmol/L of etomidate. According to the quantitative PCR results, 18 of 120 Daphnia pulex ion channel genes transcripts were affected by persistent 240 min exposure to 250 μmol/L of etomidate: 2 genes were upregulated and 16 genes were down-regulated, suggesting that etomidate showed effects on many different ion channels in transcription level. Systematical exploration of transcriptional changes of ion channels could contribute to understanding of the pharmacological mechanism of etomidate.

Citation： HUAnmin, JIANGYe, GAOHong, ZHANGWeiyi, DUGuizhi. Effects of Etomidate on mRNA Expression of Ion Channels in Daphnia Pulex. Journal of Biomedical Engineering, 2016, 33(3): 488-492. doi: 10.7507/1001-5515.20160082 Copy

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1. FORMAN S A. Clinical and molecular pharmacology of etomidate[J]. Anesthesiology, 2011, 114(3):695-707.
2. MIGDEN D R, REARDON R F. Etomidate sedation for intubation[J]. Am J Emerg Med, 1998, 16(1):101-102.
3. WAGNER R L, WHITE P F, KAN P-b, et al. Inhibition of adrenal steroidogenesis by the anesthetic etomidate[J]. N Engl J Med, 1984, 310(22):1415-1421.
4. CUTHBERTSON B H, SPRUNG C L, ANNANE D, et al. The effects of etomidate on adrenal responsiveness and mortality in patients with septic shock[J]. Intensive Care Med, 2009, 35(11):1868-1876.
5. LEDINGHAM I M, WATT I. Influence of sedation on mortality in critically ill multiple trauma patients[J]. Lancet, 1983, 1(8336):1270.
6. MARTIN W R. XVI. A homeostatic and redundancy theory of tolerance to and dependence on narcotic analgesics[J]. Res Publ Assoc Res Nerv Ment Dis, 1968, 46:206-225.
7. HARA M, KAI Y, IKEMOTO Y. Propofol activates GABA_A receptor-chloride ionophore complex in dissociated hippocampal pyramidal neurons of the rat[J]. Anesthesiology, 1993, 79(4):781-788.
8. FRIEDERICH P, TRELLAKIS S, URBAN B W. Epileptic seizures from etomidate? The human Kv1.1 Potassium Channel in humans[J]. Anasthesiol Intensivmed Notfallmed Schmerzther, 2001, 36(2):100-104.
9. TAKAHASHI H, TERRAR D A. Effects of etomidate on whole-cell and single L-type Calcium Channel currents in guineapig isolated ventricular myocytes[J]. Br J Anaesth, 1994, 73(6):812-819.
10. VUTSKITS L. General anesthesia:a gateway to modulate synapse formation and neural plasticity?[J]. Anesth Analg, 2012, 115(5):1174-1182.
11. TELESE F, GAMLIEL A, SKOWRONSKA-KRAWCZYK D, et al. "Seq-ing" insights into the epigenetics of neuronal gene regulation[J]. Neuron, 2013, 77(4):606-623.
12. ALEXANDER S P, MATHIE A, PETERS J A. Guide to receptors and channels(GRAC),5th edition[M].[S.l.]:Br J Pharmacol, 2011:S1-324.
13. ANDERSON P A, GREENBERG R M. Phylogeny of ion channels:clues to structure and function[J]. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol, 2001, 129(1):17-28.
14. DONG Changhong, HU Anmin, NI Yang, et al. Effects of midazolam, pentobarbital and ketamine on the mRNA expression of ion channels in a model organism Daphnia pulex[J]. BMC Anesthesiol, 2013, 13(1):32.
15. 胡安民,董长虹,左云霞,等.异丙酚、依托咪酯和酒精对水蚤G蛋白偶联受体基因表达的影响[J].生物医学工程学杂志,2014,31(4):827-832.
16. 付鹏,盛博,李国华.酸预处理提高水蚤在严重低氧环境中的耐受[J].生物医学工程学杂志,2012,29(6):1160-1167.
17. MARTINS J, SOARES M L, SAKER M L, et al. Phototactic behavior in Daphnia magna Straus as an indicator of toxicants in the aquatic environment[J]. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf, 2007, 67(3):417-422.
18. LIVAK K J, SCHMITTGEN T D. Analysis of relative gene expression data using Real-Time quantitative PCR and the 2^-ΔΔCT method[J]. Methods, 2001, 25(4):402-408.
19. KORPI E R, SINKKONEN S T. GABA(A) receptor subtypes as targets for neuropsychiatric drug development[J]. Pharmacol Ther, 2006, 109(1/2):12-32.
20. YANG J, UCHIDA I. Mechanisms of etomidate potentiation of GABA_A receptor-gated currents in cultured postnatal hippocampal neurons[J]. Neuroscience, 1996, 73(1):69-78.
21. VOGEL C, ABREU R D, KO D, et al. Sequence signatures and mRNA concentration can explain two-thirds of protein abundance variation in a human cell line[J]. Mol Syst Biol, 2010, 6:400.
22. SCHWANHÄUSSER B, BUSSE D, LI Na, et al. Global quantification of mammalian gene expression control[J]. Nature, 2011,473(7347):337-42.

Journal of Biomedical Engineering

Effects of Etomidate on mRNA Expression of Ion Channels in Daphnia Pulex

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