Experimental study on mechanical properties of the ventral and the dorsal tissues of porcine descending aorta_Journal of Biomedical Engineering

Authors：

LI Xiaona ¹ , CHEN Lingfeng ¹ , GAO Zhipeng ¹ , LIU Jiahe ² ,  CHEN Weiyi ¹

1. College of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, P.R.China;
2. College of Architecture, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, P.R.China;

Corresponding author：

CHEN Weiyi, Email: chenweiyi211@163.com

Keywords：

descending aorta; biaxial tensile; orthotropic; Gasser-Ogden-Holzapfel; collagen fiber

DOI：

10.7507/1001-5515.201905005

Video：

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The mechanical properties of the aorta tissue is not only important for maintaining the cardiovascular health, but also is closely related to the development of cardiovascular diseases. There are obvious differences between the ventral and dorsal tissues of the descending aorta. However, the cause of the difference is still unclear. In this study, a biaxial tensile approach was used to determine the parameters of porcine descending aorta by analyzing the stress-strain curves. The strain energy functions Gasser-Ogden-Holzapfel was adopted to characterize the orthotropic parameters of mechanical properties. Elastic Van Gieson (EVG) and Sirius red stain were used to observe the microarchitecture of elastic and collagen fibers, respectively. Our results showed that the tissue of descending aorta had more orthotropic and higher elastic modulus in the dorsal region compared to the ventral region in the circumferential direction. No significant difference was found in hyperelastic constitutive parameters between the dorsal and ventral regions, but the angle of collagen fiber was smaller than 0.785 rad (45°) in both dorsal and ventral regions. The arrangement of fiber was inclined to be circumferential. EVG and Sirius red stain showed that in outer-middle membrane of the descending aorta, the density of elastic fibrous layer of the ventral region was higher than that of the dorsal region; the amount of collagen fibers in dorsal region was more than that of the ventral region. The results suggested that the difference of mechanical properties between the dorsal and ventral tissues in the descending aorta was related to the microstructure of the outer membrane of the aorta. In the relatively small strain range, the difference in mechanical properties between the ventral and dorsal tissues of the descending aorta can be ignored; when the strain is higher, it needs to be treated differently. The results of this study provide data for the etiology of arterial disease (such as arterial dissection) and the design of artificial blood vessel.

Citation： LI Xiaona, CHEN Lingfeng, GAO Zhipeng, LIU Jiahe, CHEN Weiyi. Experimental study on mechanical properties of the ventral and the dorsal tissues of porcine descending aorta. Journal of Biomedical Engineering, 2019, 36(4): 596-603. doi: 10.7507/1001-5515.201905005 Copy

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2.	García A, Pena E, Laborda A, et al. Experimental study and constitutive modelling of the passive mechanical properties of the porcine carotid artery and its relation to histological analysis: Implications in animal cardiovascular device trials. Med Eng Phys, 2011, 33(6): 665-676.
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9.	Haskett D, Johnson G, Zhou Aifang, et al. Microstructural and biomechanical alterations of the human aorta as a function of age and location. Biomech Model Mechanobiol, 2010, 9(6): 725-736.
10.	Pichamuthu J E, Phillippi J A, Cleary D A, et al. Differential tensile strength and collagen composition in ascending aortic aneurysms by aortic valve phenotype. Ann Thorac Surg, 2013, 96(6): 2147-2154.
11.	Vorp D A, Schiro B J, Ehrlich M P, et al. Effect of aneurysm on the tensile strength and biomechanical behavior of the ascending thoracic aorta. Ann Thorac Surg, 2003, 75(4): 1210-1214.
12.	Iliopoulos D C, Deveja R P, Kritharis E R, et al. Regional and directional variations in the mechanical properties of ascending thoracic aortic aneurysms. Med Eng Phys, 2009, 31(1): 1-9.
13.	Kim J, Baek S. Circumferential variations of mechanical behavior of the porcine thoracic aorta during the inflation test. J Biomech, 2011, 44(10): 1941-1947.
14.	陈凌峰, 柳柏梅, 李芬, 等. 猪降主动脉环向力学性质的实验研究. 医用生物力学, 2018, 6(33): 544-550.
15.	Chen Lingfeng, Gao Zhipeng, Liu Baimei, et al. Circumferential variation in mechanical characteristics of porcine descending aorta. Biocell, 2018, 42(1): 25-34.
16.	Kermani G, Hemmasizadeh A, Assari S, et al. Investigation of inhomogeneous and anisotropic material behavior of porcine thoracic aorta using nano-indentation tests. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater, 2017, 69: 50-56.
17.	Krüger T, Veseli K, Lausberg H, et al. Regional and directional compliance of the healthy aorta: an ex vivo study in a porcine model. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg, 2016, 23(1): 104-111.
18.	Polzer S, Gasser T C, Novak K, et al. Structure-based constitutive model can accurately predict planar biaxial properties of aortic wall tissue. Acta Biomater, 2015, 14: 133-145.
19.	Peña J A, Corral V, Martinez M A, et al. Over length quantification of the multiaxial mechanical properties of the ascending, descending and abdominal aorta using digital image correlation. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater, 2018, 77: 434-445.
20.	Chuong C J, Fung Y C. On residual stresses in arteries. J Biomech Eng, 1986, 108(2): 189-192.
21.	Fung Y C, Liu S Q. Change of residual strains in arteries due to hypertrophy caused by aortic constriction. Circul Res, 1989, 65(5): 1340-1349.

1. Hemmasizadeh A, Tsamis A, Cheheltani R A, et al. Correlations between transmural mechanical and morphological properties in porcine thoracic descending aorta. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater, 2015, 47: 12-20.
2. García A, Pena E, Laborda A, et al. Experimental study and constitutive modelling of the passive mechanical properties of the porcine carotid artery and its relation to histological analysis: Implications in animal cardiovascular device trials. Med Eng Phys, 2011, 33(6): 665-676.
3. Fung Y C, Skalak R. Biomechanics: mechanical properties of living tissues. Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag, 1981.
4. Gasser T C, Ogden R W, Holzapfel G A. Hyperelastic modelling of arterial layers with distributed collagen fibre orientations. J R Soc Interface, 2006, 3(6): 15-35.
5. Holzapfel G A, Gasser T C, Ogden R W. A new constitutive framework for arterial wall mechanics and a comparative study of material models. J Elast, 2000, 61(1/3): 1-48.
6. Sokolis D P, Boudoulas H, Karayannacos P E. Segmental differences of aortic function and composition: Clinical implications. Hellenic J Cardiol, 2008, 49(3): 145-154.
7. Sokolis D P. Passive mechanical properties and structure of the aorta: segmental analysis. Acta Physiol, 2007, 190(4): 277-289.
8. Peña J A, Martinez M A, Pena E. Layer-specific residual deformations and uniaxial and biaxial mechanical properties of thoracic porcine aorta. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater, 2015, 50: 55-69.
9. Haskett D, Johnson G, Zhou Aifang, et al. Microstructural and biomechanical alterations of the human aorta as a function of age and location. Biomech Model Mechanobiol, 2010, 9(6): 725-736.
10. Pichamuthu J E, Phillippi J A, Cleary D A, et al. Differential tensile strength and collagen composition in ascending aortic aneurysms by aortic valve phenotype. Ann Thorac Surg, 2013, 96(6): 2147-2154.
11. Vorp D A, Schiro B J, Ehrlich M P, et al. Effect of aneurysm on the tensile strength and biomechanical behavior of the ascending thoracic aorta. Ann Thorac Surg, 2003, 75(4): 1210-1214.
12. Iliopoulos D C, Deveja R P, Kritharis E R, et al. Regional and directional variations in the mechanical properties of ascending thoracic aortic aneurysms. Med Eng Phys, 2009, 31(1): 1-9.
13. Kim J, Baek S. Circumferential variations of mechanical behavior of the porcine thoracic aorta during the inflation test. J Biomech, 2011, 44(10): 1941-1947.
14. 陈凌峰, 柳柏梅, 李芬, 等. 猪降主动脉环向力学性质的实验研究. 医用生物力学, 2018, 6(33): 544-550.
15. Chen Lingfeng, Gao Zhipeng, Liu Baimei, et al. Circumferential variation in mechanical characteristics of porcine descending aorta. Biocell, 2018, 42(1): 25-34.
16. Kermani G, Hemmasizadeh A, Assari S, et al. Investigation of inhomogeneous and anisotropic material behavior of porcine thoracic aorta using nano-indentation tests. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater, 2017, 69: 50-56.
17. Krüger T, Veseli K, Lausberg H, et al. Regional and directional compliance of the healthy aorta: an ex vivo study in a porcine model. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg, 2016, 23(1): 104-111.
18. Polzer S, Gasser T C, Novak K, et al. Structure-based constitutive model can accurately predict planar biaxial properties of aortic wall tissue. Acta Biomater, 2015, 14: 133-145.
19. Peña J A, Corral V, Martinez M A, et al. Over length quantification of the multiaxial mechanical properties of the ascending, descending and abdominal aorta using digital image correlation. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater, 2018, 77: 434-445.
20. Chuong C J, Fung Y C. On residual stresses in arteries. J Biomech Eng, 1986, 108(2): 189-192.
21. Fung Y C, Liu S Q. Change of residual strains in arteries due to hypertrophy caused by aortic constriction. Circul Res, 1989, 65(5): 1340-1349.

Journal of Biomedical Engineering

Experimental study on mechanical properties of the ventral and the dorsal tissues of porcine descending aorta

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