Research progress on cardiac rehabilitation in patients with implanted cardiac defibrillator_Journal of Biomedical Engineering

Authors：

LIU Jiani ^1,2 , LI Xiang ³ ,  XIE Wei ^1,2

1. Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P.R.China;
2. Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine in Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P.R.China;
3. Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P.R.China;

Corresponding author：

Keywords：

implanted cardiac defibrillator; cardiac rehabilitation; exercise training

DOI：

10.7507/1001-5515.202001002

Video：

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Implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) is the most effective measure to prevent sudden cardiac death. However, ICD patients frequently have problems such as decline of exercise tolerance and quality of life, anxiety and depression after operation, which require cardiac rehabilitation (CR). A considerable amount of studies have proved that CR is an effective secondary prevention measure for patients with cardiovascular disease. Its safety and effectiveness have been supported by evidence-based medicine research, which can prevent the recurrence of cardiovascular events, reduce the readmisson rate, and promote healthy behavior and active lifestyle formation of patients, so as to improve the quality of life of patients. This review mainly summarized the necessity, safety, exercise program and economic benefits of CR in ICD patients.

Citation： LIU Jiani, LI Xiang, XIE Wei. Research progress on cardiac rehabilitation in patients with implanted cardiac defibrillator. Journal of Biomedical Engineering, 2020, 37(4): 736-740. doi: 10.7507/1001-5515.202001002 Copy

1.	Nielsen K M, Zwisler A D, Taylor R S, <italic>et al</italic>. Exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation for adult patients with an implantable cardioverter defibrillator. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2019, 2: CD011828.
2.	Niemeijer M, Berg M, Leening M, <italic>et al</italic>. Declining incidence of sudden cardiac death from 1990–2010 in a general middle-aged and elderly population: the Rotterdam Study. Heart Rhythm, 2015, 12(1): 123-129.
3.	Goldenberg I, Huang D T, Nielsen J C. The role of implantable cardioverter-defibrillatorsand sudden cardiac death prevention: indications, device selection, and outcome. Eur Heart J, 2020, 41(21): 2003-2011.
4.	陆晓. 心脏康复的演变与进展. 中国康复医学杂志, 2017, 32(1): 4-9.
5.	Taylor R S, Sagar V A, Davies E J, <italic>et al</italic>. Exercise-based rehabilitation for heart failure. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2014, 2014(4): CD003331.
6.	中国康复医学会心血管病专业委员会. 中国心脏康复与二级预防指南 2018 精要. 中华内科杂志, 2018, 57(11): 802-810.
7.	Thomas R J, Beatty A L, Beckie T M, <italic>et al</italic>. Home-based cardiac rehabilitation: A scientific statement From the American Association of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Rehabilitation, the American Heart Association, and the American College of Cardiology. J Am Coll Cardiol, 2019, 74(1): 133-153.
8.	McMahon S R, Ades P A, Thompson P D. The role of cardiac rehabilitation in patients with heart disease. Trends Cardiovasc Med, 2017, 27(6): 420-425.
9.	Anderson L, Thompson D R, Oldridge N, <italic>et al</italic>. Exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation for coronary heart disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2016, 2016(1): CD001800.
10.	Thomas R J, Balady G, Banka G, <italic>et al</italic>. 2018 ACC/AHA clinical performance and quality measures for cardiac rehabilitation:a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Performance Measures. J Am Coll Cardiol, 2018, 71(16): 1814-1837.
11.	Cowie A, Buckley J, Doherty P, <italic>et al</italic>. Standards and core components for cardiovascular disease prevention and rehabilitation. Heart, 2019, 105(7): 510-515.
12.	Squires R W, Kaminsky L A, Porcari J P, <italic>et al</italic>. Progression of exercise training in early outpatient cardiac rehabilitation: an official statement from the American Association of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Rehabilitation. J Cardiopulm Rehabil Prev, 2018, 38(3): 139-146.
13.	Long L, Anderson L, Dewhirst A M, <italic>et al</italic>. Exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation for adults with stable angina. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2018, 2(2): CD012786.
14.	Vanhees L, Schepers D, Heidbuchel H, <italic>et al</italic>. Exercise performance and training in patients with implantable cardioverter-defibrillators and coronary heart disease. Am J Cardiol, 2001, 87(6): 712-715.
15.	Berg S K, Pedersen P U, Zwisler A D, <italic>et al</italic>. Comprehensive cardiac rehabilitation improves outcome for patients with implantable cardioverter defibrillator. Findings from the COPE-ICD randomised clinical trial. Eur J Cardiovasc Nurs, 2015, 14(1): 34-44.
16.	Smolis-Bak E, Rymuzav H, Kazimierska B, <italic>et al</italic>. Improvement of exercise tolerance in cardiopulmonary testing with sustained safety after regular training in outpatients with systolic heart failure (NYHA III) and an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator. Prospective 18-month randomized study. Arch Med Sci, 2017, 13(5): 1094-1101.
17.	Steinhaus D A, Lubitz S A, Noseworthy P A, <italic>et al</italic>. Exercise interventions in patients with implantable cardioverter-defibrillators and cardiac resynchronization therapy: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Cardiopulm Rehabil Prev, 2019, 39(5): 308-317.
18.	Emons W H, Habibović M, Pedersen S S. Prevalence of anxiety in patients with an implantable cardioverter defibrillator: measurement equivalence of the HADS-A and the STAI-S. Qual Life Res, 2019, 28(11): 3107-3116.
19.	Magyar-Russell G, Thombs B D, Cai J X, <italic>et al</italic>. The prevalence of anxiety and depression in adults with implantable cardioverter defibrillators: a systematic review. J Psychosom Res, 2011, 71(4): 223-231.
20.	Farahani M M, Taghipour M, Motalebi M, <italic>et al</italic>. Depression and associated factors in patients with implantable cardioverter-defibrillators. Tehran Heart Cent, 2016, 11(4): 168-173.
21.	Habibović M, Burg M M, Pedersen S S. Behavioral interventions in patients with an implantable cardioverter defibrillator: Lessons learned and where to go from here? Pacing Clin Electrophysiol, 2013, 36(5): 578-590.
22.	Russell C, Smith L, Krahn D, <italic>et al</italic>. Effects of cognitive behavioral stress management on negative mood and cardiac autonomic activity in ICD recipients. PACE, 2015, 38(8): 951-965.
23.	Piotrowicz E, Zielinski T, Bodalski R, <italic>et al</italic>. Home-based tele monitored Nordic walking training is well accepted, safe, effective and has high adherence among heart failure patients, including those with cardiovascular implantable electronic devices: a randomised controlled study. Eur J Prev Cardiol, 2015, 22(11): 1368-1377.
24.	Smolis-Bak E, Dabrowski R, Piotrowicz E, <italic>et al</italic>. Hospital-based and tele monitoring guided home-based training programs: Effects on exercise tolerance and quality of life in patients with heart failure (NYHA class III) and cardiac resynchronization therapy: a randomised, prospective observation. Arch Med Sci, 2017, 13(21): 1094-1101.
25.	Iliou M C, Blanchard J C, Lamar-Tanguy A, <italic>et al</italic>. Cardiac rehabilitation in patients with pacemakers and implantable cardioverter defibrillators. Monaldi Arch Chest Dis, 2016, 86(1/2): 756.
26.	Lau E T, Thompson E A, Burr R L, <italic>et al</italic>. Safety and efficacy of an early home-based walking program after receipt of an initial implantable cardioverter-defibrillator. Arch Phys Med Rehabil, 2016, 97(8): 1228-1236.
27.	Alswyan A H, Liberato A C S, Dougherty C M. A systematic review of exercise training in patients with cardiac implantable devices. J Cardiopulm Rehabil Prev, 2018, 38(2): 70-84.
28.	Piccini J P, Hellkamp A S, Whellan D J. Exercise training and implantable cardioverter defibrillator shocks in patients with heart failure: Results from HF-ACTION (Heart Failure and A Controlled Trial Investigating Outcomes of Exercise TraiNing). JACC Heart Fail, 2013, 1(2): 142-148.
29.	Isaksen K, Morken I M, Munk P S, <italic>et al</italic>. Exercise training and cardiac rehabilitation in patients with implantable cardioverter defibrillators: a review of current literature focusing on safety, effects of exercise training, and the psychological impact of programe participation. Eur J Prev Cardiol, 2012, 19(4): 804-812.
30.	Pandey A, Parashar A, Moore C, <italic>et al</italic>. Safety and efficacy of exercise training inpatients with an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator: A meta-analysis. JACC Clin Electrophysiol, 2017, 3(2): 117-126.
31.	Isaksen K, Munk P, Valborgland T, <italic>et al</italic>. Aerobic interval training in patients with heart failure and an implantable cardioverter defibrillator: a controlled study evaluating feasibility and effect. Eur J Prev Cardiol, 2015, 22(3): 296-303.
32.	Dougherty C M, Glenny R W, Burr R L. A prospective randomized trial of moderately strenuous aerobic exercise after an implantable cardioverter defibrillator. Circulation, 2015, 131(21): 1835-1842.
33.	Shields G E, Wells A, Doherty P, <italic>et al</italic>. Cost-effectiveness of cardiac rehabilitation: A systematic review. Heart, 2018, 104(17): 1403-1410.
34.	Frederix I, Hansen D, Coninx K, <italic>et al</italic>. Effect of comprehensive cardiac telerehabilitation on one-year cardiovascular rehospitalization rate, medical costs and quality of life: A cost-effectiveness analysis. Eur J Prev Cardiol, 2016, 23(7): 674-682.
35.	Hautala A J, Kiviniemi A M, Makikallio T, <italic>et al</italic>. Economic evaluation of exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation in patients with a recent acute coronary syndrome. Scand J Med Sci Sport, 2017, 27(11): 1395-1403.
36.	Oldridge N, Taylor R S. Cost-effectiveness of exercise therapy in patients with coronary heart disease, chronic heart failure and associated risk factors: A systematic review of economic evaluations of randomized clinical trials. Eur J Prev Cardiol, 2020, 27(10): 1045-1055.

1. Nielsen K M, Zwisler A D, Taylor R S, <italic>et al</italic>. Exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation for adult patients with an implantable cardioverter defibrillator. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2019, 2: CD011828.
2. Niemeijer M, Berg M, Leening M, <italic>et al</italic>. Declining incidence of sudden cardiac death from 1990–2010 in a general middle-aged and elderly population: the Rotterdam Study. Heart Rhythm, 2015, 12(1): 123-129.
3. Goldenberg I, Huang D T, Nielsen J C. The role of implantable cardioverter-defibrillatorsand sudden cardiac death prevention: indications, device selection, and outcome. Eur Heart J, 2020, 41(21): 2003-2011.
4. 陆晓. 心脏康复的演变与进展. 中国康复医学杂志, 2017, 32(1): 4-9.
5. Taylor R S, Sagar V A, Davies E J, <italic>et al</italic>. Exercise-based rehabilitation for heart failure. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2014, 2014(4): CD003331.
6. 中国康复医学会心血管病专业委员会. 中国心脏康复与二级预防指南 2018 精要. 中华内科杂志, 2018, 57(11): 802-810.
7. Thomas R J, Beatty A L, Beckie T M, <italic>et al</italic>. Home-based cardiac rehabilitation: A scientific statement From the American Association of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Rehabilitation, the American Heart Association, and the American College of Cardiology. J Am Coll Cardiol, 2019, 74(1): 133-153.
8. McMahon S R, Ades P A, Thompson P D. The role of cardiac rehabilitation in patients with heart disease. Trends Cardiovasc Med, 2017, 27(6): 420-425.
9. Anderson L, Thompson D R, Oldridge N, <italic>et al</italic>. Exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation for coronary heart disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2016, 2016(1): CD001800.
10. Thomas R J, Balady G, Banka G, <italic>et al</italic>. 2018 ACC/AHA clinical performance and quality measures for cardiac rehabilitation:a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Performance Measures. J Am Coll Cardiol, 2018, 71(16): 1814-1837.
11. Cowie A, Buckley J, Doherty P, <italic>et al</italic>. Standards and core components for cardiovascular disease prevention and rehabilitation. Heart, 2019, 105(7): 510-515.
12. Squires R W, Kaminsky L A, Porcari J P, <italic>et al</italic>. Progression of exercise training in early outpatient cardiac rehabilitation: an official statement from the American Association of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Rehabilitation. J Cardiopulm Rehabil Prev, 2018, 38(3): 139-146.
13. Long L, Anderson L, Dewhirst A M, <italic>et al</italic>. Exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation for adults with stable angina. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2018, 2(2): CD012786.
14. Vanhees L, Schepers D, Heidbuchel H, <italic>et al</italic>. Exercise performance and training in patients with implantable cardioverter-defibrillators and coronary heart disease. Am J Cardiol, 2001, 87(6): 712-715.
15. Berg S K, Pedersen P U, Zwisler A D, <italic>et al</italic>. Comprehensive cardiac rehabilitation improves outcome for patients with implantable cardioverter defibrillator. Findings from the COPE-ICD randomised clinical trial. Eur J Cardiovasc Nurs, 2015, 14(1): 34-44.
16. Smolis-Bak E, Rymuzav H, Kazimierska B, <italic>et al</italic>. Improvement of exercise tolerance in cardiopulmonary testing with sustained safety after regular training in outpatients with systolic heart failure (NYHA III) and an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator. Prospective 18-month randomized study. Arch Med Sci, 2017, 13(5): 1094-1101.
17. Steinhaus D A, Lubitz S A, Noseworthy P A, <italic>et al</italic>. Exercise interventions in patients with implantable cardioverter-defibrillators and cardiac resynchronization therapy: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Cardiopulm Rehabil Prev, 2019, 39(5): 308-317.
18. Emons W H, Habibović M, Pedersen S S. Prevalence of anxiety in patients with an implantable cardioverter defibrillator: measurement equivalence of the HADS-A and the STAI-S. Qual Life Res, 2019, 28(11): 3107-3116.
19. Magyar-Russell G, Thombs B D, Cai J X, <italic>et al</italic>. The prevalence of anxiety and depression in adults with implantable cardioverter defibrillators: a systematic review. J Psychosom Res, 2011, 71(4): 223-231.
20. Farahani M M, Taghipour M, Motalebi M, <italic>et al</italic>. Depression and associated factors in patients with implantable cardioverter-defibrillators. Tehran Heart Cent, 2016, 11(4): 168-173.
21. Habibović M, Burg M M, Pedersen S S. Behavioral interventions in patients with an implantable cardioverter defibrillator: Lessons learned and where to go from here? Pacing Clin Electrophysiol, 2013, 36(5): 578-590.
22. Russell C, Smith L, Krahn D, <italic>et al</italic>. Effects of cognitive behavioral stress management on negative mood and cardiac autonomic activity in ICD recipients. PACE, 2015, 38(8): 951-965.
23. Piotrowicz E, Zielinski T, Bodalski R, <italic>et al</italic>. Home-based tele monitored Nordic walking training is well accepted, safe, effective and has high adherence among heart failure patients, including those with cardiovascular implantable electronic devices: a randomised controlled study. Eur J Prev Cardiol, 2015, 22(11): 1368-1377.
24. Smolis-Bak E, Dabrowski R, Piotrowicz E, <italic>et al</italic>. Hospital-based and tele monitoring guided home-based training programs: Effects on exercise tolerance and quality of life in patients with heart failure (NYHA class III) and cardiac resynchronization therapy: a randomised, prospective observation. Arch Med Sci, 2017, 13(21): 1094-1101.
25. Iliou M C, Blanchard J C, Lamar-Tanguy A, <italic>et al</italic>. Cardiac rehabilitation in patients with pacemakers and implantable cardioverter defibrillators. Monaldi Arch Chest Dis, 2016, 86(1/2): 756.
26. Lau E T, Thompson E A, Burr R L, <italic>et al</italic>. Safety and efficacy of an early home-based walking program after receipt of an initial implantable cardioverter-defibrillator. Arch Phys Med Rehabil, 2016, 97(8): 1228-1236.
27. Alswyan A H, Liberato A C S, Dougherty C M. A systematic review of exercise training in patients with cardiac implantable devices. J Cardiopulm Rehabil Prev, 2018, 38(2): 70-84.
28. Piccini J P, Hellkamp A S, Whellan D J. Exercise training and implantable cardioverter defibrillator shocks in patients with heart failure: Results from HF-ACTION (Heart Failure and A Controlled Trial Investigating Outcomes of Exercise TraiNing). JACC Heart Fail, 2013, 1(2): 142-148.
29. Isaksen K, Morken I M, Munk P S, <italic>et al</italic>. Exercise training and cardiac rehabilitation in patients with implantable cardioverter defibrillators: a review of current literature focusing on safety, effects of exercise training, and the psychological impact of programe participation. Eur J Prev Cardiol, 2012, 19(4): 804-812.
30. Pandey A, Parashar A, Moore C, <italic>et al</italic>. Safety and efficacy of exercise training inpatients with an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator: A meta-analysis. JACC Clin Electrophysiol, 2017, 3(2): 117-126.
31. Isaksen K, Munk P, Valborgland T, <italic>et al</italic>. Aerobic interval training in patients with heart failure and an implantable cardioverter defibrillator: a controlled study evaluating feasibility and effect. Eur J Prev Cardiol, 2015, 22(3): 296-303.
32. Dougherty C M, Glenny R W, Burr R L. A prospective randomized trial of moderately strenuous aerobic exercise after an implantable cardioverter defibrillator. Circulation, 2015, 131(21): 1835-1842.
33. Shields G E, Wells A, Doherty P, <italic>et al</italic>. Cost-effectiveness of cardiac rehabilitation: A systematic review. Heart, 2018, 104(17): 1403-1410.
34. Frederix I, Hansen D, Coninx K, <italic>et al</italic>. Effect of comprehensive cardiac telerehabilitation on one-year cardiovascular rehospitalization rate, medical costs and quality of life: A cost-effectiveness analysis. Eur J Prev Cardiol, 2016, 23(7): 674-682.
35. Hautala A J, Kiviniemi A M, Makikallio T, <italic>et al</italic>. Economic evaluation of exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation in patients with a recent acute coronary syndrome. Scand J Med Sci Sport, 2017, 27(11): 1395-1403.
36. Oldridge N, Taylor R S. Cost-effectiveness of exercise therapy in patients with coronary heart disease, chronic heart failure and associated risk factors: A systematic review of economic evaluations of randomized clinical trials. Eur J Prev Cardiol, 2020, 27(10): 1045-1055.

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