Design and validation of a novel knee biomechanical test method_Journal of Biomedical Engineering

Authors：

WANG Junrui ^1,2 , ZHAO Zhiping ^3,4 , JIANG Chengteng ¹ , NIE Chuang ⁵ , SHI Quanxing ⁵ , LIU Meng ¹ ,  GU Jianwen ⁵

1. Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100000, P. R. China;
2. Department of Orthopaedics, Chengdu Second People’s Hospital, Chengdu 610000, P. R. China;
3. School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100000, P. R. China;
4. Department of Opthalmology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, P. R. China;
5. PLA Strategic Support Force Characteristic Medical Center, Beijing 100000, P. R. China;

Corresponding author：

GU Jianwen, Email: gujianwen5000@sina.com

Keywords：

Dynamics of structures; Knee osteoarthritis; Meniscal injury; Bio-mechanics; Cartilage injury

DOI：

10.7507/1001-5515.202304042

Video：

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Abstract Full text Figures/Tables Video References Cited by

A novel structural dynamics test method and device were designed to test the biomechanical effects of dynamic axial loading on knee cartilage and meniscus. Firstly, the maximum acceleration signal-to-noise ratio of the experimental device was calculated by applying axial dynamic load to the experimental device under unloaded condition with different force hammers. Then the experimental samples were divided into non-specimen group (no specimen loaded), sham specimen group (loaded with polypropylene samples) and bovine knee joint specimen group (loaded with bovine knee joint samples) for testing. The test results show that the experimental device and method can provide stable axial dynamic load, and the experimental results have good repeatability. The final results confirm that the dynamic characteristics of experimental samples can be distinguished effectively by this device. The experimental method proposed in this study provides a new way to further study the biomechanical mechanism of knee joint structural response under axial dynamic load.

Citation： WANG Junrui, ZHAO Zhiping, JIANG Chengteng, NIE Chuang, SHI Quanxing, LIU Meng, GU Jianwen. Design and validation of a novel knee biomechanical test method. Journal of Biomedical Engineering, 2023, 40(6): 1185-1191, 1199. doi: 10.7507/1001-5515.202304042 Copy

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2.	Jones R S, Keene G C, Learmonth D J, et al. Direct measurement of hoop strains in the intact and torn human medial meniscus. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon), 1996, 11(5): 295-300..
3.	Beamer B S, Walley K C, Okajima S, et al. Changes in contact area in meniscus horizontal cleavage tears subjected to repair and resection. Arthroscopy, 2017, 33(3): 617-624..
4.	Harner C D, Mauro C S, Lesniak B P, et al. Biomechanical consequences of a tear of the posterior root of the medial meniscus. surgical technique. J Bone Joint Surg Am, 2009, 91 Suppl 2: 257-270..
5.	Riemenschneider P E, Rose M D, Giordani M, et al. Compressive fatigue and endurance of juvenile bovine articular cartilage explants. J Biomech, 2019, 95: 109304..
6.	Makiev K G, Vasios I S, Georgoulas P, et al. Clinical significance and management of meniscal extrusion in different knee pathologies: a comprehensive review of the literature and treatment algorithm. Knee Surg Relat Res, 2022, 34(1): 35..
7.	Okazaki Y, Furumatsu T, Yamauchi T, et al. Medial meniscus posterior root repair restores the intra-articular volume of the medial meniscus by decreasing posteromedial extrusion at knee flexion. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc, 2020, 28(11): 3435-3442..
8.	Paletta G A, Crane D M, Konicek J, et al. Surgical treatment of meniscal extrusion: a biomechanical study on the role of the medial meniscotibial ligaments with early clinical validation. Orthop J Sports Med, 2020, 8(7): 2325967120936672..
9.	Moon H S, Choi C H, Jung M, et al. Early surgical repair of medial meniscus posterior root tear minimizes the progression of meniscal extrusion: response. Am J Sports Med, 2021, 49(1): NP3-NP5..
10.	Kodama Y, Furumatsu T, Miyazawa S, et al. Location of the tibial tunnel aperture affects extrusion of the lateral meniscus following reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament. J Orthop Res, 2017, 35(8): 1625-1633..
11.	Stehling C, Souza R B, Hellio Le Graverand M P, et al. Loading of the knee during 3. 0T MRI is associated with significantly increased medial meniscus extrusion in mild and moderate osteoarthritis. Eur J Radiol, 2012, 81(8): 1839-1845..
12.	Kubota R, Koga H, Ozeki N, et al. The effect of a centralization procedure for extruded lateral meniscus on load distribution in porcine knee joints at different flexion angles. BMC Musculoskelet Disord, 2020, 21(1): 205..
13.	Brill R, Wohlgemuth W A, Hempfling H, et al. Dynamic impact force and association with structural damage to the knee joint: an ex-vivo study. Ann Anat, 2014, 196(6): 456-463..
14.	Fukuda Y, Takai S, Yoshino N, et al. Impact load transmission of the knee joint-influence of leg alignment and the role of meniscus and articular cartilage. Clin Biomech(Bristol, Avon), 2000, 15(7): 516-521..
15.	Danso E K, Honkanen J T, Saarakkala S, et al. Comparison of nonlinear mechanical properties of bovine articular cartilage and meniscus. J Biomech, 2014, 47(1): 200-206..
16.	Gajjar S M, Solanki K P, Shanmugasundaram S, et al. Meniscal extrusion: a narrative review. Orthop J Sports Med, 2021, 9(11): 23259671211043797..
17.	Crema M D, Nevitt M C, Guermazi A, et al. Progression of cartilage damage and meniscal pathology over 30 months is associated with an increase in radiographic tibiofemoral joint space narrowing in persons with knee OA--the MOST study. Osteoarthritis Cartilage, 2014, 22(10): 1743-1747..
18.	Mohamadi A, Momenzadeh K, Masoudi A, et al. Evolution of knowledge on meniscal biomechanics: a 40-year perspective. BMC Musculoskelet Disord, 2021, 22(1): 625..
19.	Dortmans L, Jans H, Sauren A, et al. Nonlinear dynamic behavior of the human knee joint--part II: time-domain analyses: effects of structural damage in postmortem experiments. J Biomech Eng, 1991, 113(4): 392-396..
20.	Safaei M, Bolus N B, Erturk A, et al. Vibration characterization of the human knee joint in audible frequencies. Sensors(basel), 2020, 20(15): 4138..
21.	Spahn G, Lipfert J U, Maurer C, et al. Risk factors for cartilage damage and osteoarthritis of the elbow joint: case-control study and systematic literature review. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg, 2017, 137(4): 557-566..
22.	Leafblad N D, Smith P A, Stuart M J, et al. Arthroscopic centralization of the extruded medial meniscus. Arthrosc Tech, 2020, 10(1): e43-e48..
23.	Melrose J. The importance of the knee joint meniscal fibrocartilages as stabilizing weight bearing structures providing global protection to human knee-joint tissues. Cells, 2019, 8(4): 324..
24.	Brown T D, Shaw D T. In vitro contact stress distribution on the femoral condyles. J Orthop Res, 1984, 2(2): 190-199..

1. Kopf S, Sava M P, Stärke C, et al. The menisci and articular cartilage: a life-long fascination. EFORT Open Rev, 2020, 5(10): 652-662..
2. Jones R S, Keene G C, Learmonth D J, et al. Direct measurement of hoop strains in the intact and torn human medial meniscus. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon), 1996, 11(5): 295-300..
3. Beamer B S, Walley K C, Okajima S, et al. Changes in contact area in meniscus horizontal cleavage tears subjected to repair and resection. Arthroscopy, 2017, 33(3): 617-624..
4. Harner C D, Mauro C S, Lesniak B P, et al. Biomechanical consequences of a tear of the posterior root of the medial meniscus. surgical technique. J Bone Joint Surg Am, 2009, 91 Suppl 2: 257-270..
5. Riemenschneider P E, Rose M D, Giordani M, et al. Compressive fatigue and endurance of juvenile bovine articular cartilage explants. J Biomech, 2019, 95: 109304..
6. Makiev K G, Vasios I S, Georgoulas P, et al. Clinical significance and management of meniscal extrusion in different knee pathologies: a comprehensive review of the literature and treatment algorithm. Knee Surg Relat Res, 2022, 34(1): 35..
7. Okazaki Y, Furumatsu T, Yamauchi T, et al. Medial meniscus posterior root repair restores the intra-articular volume of the medial meniscus by decreasing posteromedial extrusion at knee flexion. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc, 2020, 28(11): 3435-3442..
8. Paletta G A, Crane D M, Konicek J, et al. Surgical treatment of meniscal extrusion: a biomechanical study on the role of the medial meniscotibial ligaments with early clinical validation. Orthop J Sports Med, 2020, 8(7): 2325967120936672..
9. Moon H S, Choi C H, Jung M, et al. Early surgical repair of medial meniscus posterior root tear minimizes the progression of meniscal extrusion: response. Am J Sports Med, 2021, 49(1): NP3-NP5..
10. Kodama Y, Furumatsu T, Miyazawa S, et al. Location of the tibial tunnel aperture affects extrusion of the lateral meniscus following reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament. J Orthop Res, 2017, 35(8): 1625-1633..
11. Stehling C, Souza R B, Hellio Le Graverand M P, et al. Loading of the knee during 3. 0T MRI is associated with significantly increased medial meniscus extrusion in mild and moderate osteoarthritis. Eur J Radiol, 2012, 81(8): 1839-1845..
12. Kubota R, Koga H, Ozeki N, et al. The effect of a centralization procedure for extruded lateral meniscus on load distribution in porcine knee joints at different flexion angles. BMC Musculoskelet Disord, 2020, 21(1): 205..
13. Brill R, Wohlgemuth W A, Hempfling H, et al. Dynamic impact force and association with structural damage to the knee joint: an ex-vivo study. Ann Anat, 2014, 196(6): 456-463..
14. Fukuda Y, Takai S, Yoshino N, et al. Impact load transmission of the knee joint-influence of leg alignment and the role of meniscus and articular cartilage. Clin Biomech(Bristol, Avon), 2000, 15(7): 516-521..
15. Danso E K, Honkanen J T, Saarakkala S, et al. Comparison of nonlinear mechanical properties of bovine articular cartilage and meniscus. J Biomech, 2014, 47(1): 200-206..
16. Gajjar S M, Solanki K P, Shanmugasundaram S, et al. Meniscal extrusion: a narrative review. Orthop J Sports Med, 2021, 9(11): 23259671211043797..
17. Crema M D, Nevitt M C, Guermazi A, et al. Progression of cartilage damage and meniscal pathology over 30 months is associated with an increase in radiographic tibiofemoral joint space narrowing in persons with knee OA--the MOST study. Osteoarthritis Cartilage, 2014, 22(10): 1743-1747..
18. Mohamadi A, Momenzadeh K, Masoudi A, et al. Evolution of knowledge on meniscal biomechanics: a 40-year perspective. BMC Musculoskelet Disord, 2021, 22(1): 625..
19. Dortmans L, Jans H, Sauren A, et al. Nonlinear dynamic behavior of the human knee joint--part II: time-domain analyses: effects of structural damage in postmortem experiments. J Biomech Eng, 1991, 113(4): 392-396..
20. Safaei M, Bolus N B, Erturk A, et al. Vibration characterization of the human knee joint in audible frequencies. Sensors(basel), 2020, 20(15): 4138..
21. Spahn G, Lipfert J U, Maurer C, et al. Risk factors for cartilage damage and osteoarthritis of the elbow joint: case-control study and systematic literature review. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg, 2017, 137(4): 557-566..
22. Leafblad N D, Smith P A, Stuart M J, et al. Arthroscopic centralization of the extruded medial meniscus. Arthrosc Tech, 2020, 10(1): e43-e48..
23. Melrose J. The importance of the knee joint meniscal fibrocartilages as stabilizing weight bearing structures providing global protection to human knee-joint tissues. Cells, 2019, 8(4): 324..
24. Brown T D, Shaw D T. In vitro contact stress distribution on the femoral condyles. J Orthop Res, 1984, 2(2): 190-199..

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Design and validation of a novel knee biomechanical test method

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