Precise measurement of human heart rate based on multi-channel radar data fusion_Journal of Biomedical Engineering

Authors：

GUO Hongrui ^1,2,3 ,  CAO Huimin ^1,2,3 , YANG Keqi ^1,2,3 , ZHANG Zhushanying ^1,2,3

1. College of Biomedical Engineering, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China;
2. Key Laboratory of Cognitive Science, State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China;
3. Hubei Key Laboratory of Medical Information Analysis and Tumor Diagnosis&Treatment, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China;

Corresponding author：

CAO Huimin, Email: huimincao@mail.scuec.edu.cn

Keywords：

Radar signal processing; Multi-channel data fusion; Non-contact heart rate measurement

DOI：

10.7507/1001-5515.202307010

Video：

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Abstract Full text Figures/Tables Video References Cited by

To achieve non-contact measurement of human heart rate and improve its accuracy, this paper proposes a method for measuring human heart rate based on multi-channel radar data fusion. The radar data were firstly extracted by human body position identification, phase extraction and unwinding, phase difference, band-pass filtering optimized by power spectrum entropy, and fast independent component analysis for each channel data. After overlaying and fusing the four-channel data, the heartbeat signal was separated using frost-optimized variational modal decomposition. Finally, a chirp Z-transform was introduced for heart rate estimation. After validation with 40 sets of data, the average root mean square error of the proposed method was 2.35 beats per minute, with an average error rate of 2.39%, a Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.97, a confidence interval of [–4.78, 4.78] beats per minute, and a consistency error of –0.04. The experimental results show that the proposed measurement method performs well in terms of accuracy, correlation, and consistency, enabling precise measurement of human heart rate.

Citation： GUO Hongrui, CAO Huimin, YANG Keqi, ZHANG Zhushanying. Precise measurement of human heart rate based on multi-channel radar data fusion. Journal of Biomedical Engineering, 2024, 41(3): 461-468. doi: 10.7507/1001-5515.202307010 Copy

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15.	Zhang Z, Qiu Z, Hu W, et al. Research on wingtip distance measurement of high-speed coaxial helicopter based on 77 GHz FMCW millimeter-wave radar. Meas Sci Technol, 2023, 34(8): 085111.
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22.	Li X, Wan S, Huang X, et al. Milling chatter detection based on VMD and difference of power spectral entropy. Int J Adv Manuf Technol, 2020, 111(7-8): 2051-2063.
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24.	杨蕾, 王慧琴, 王可, 等. 基于聚类优化FastICA的混合颜料光谱信息解混算法. 光学学报, 2020, 40(5): 205-213.
25.	杨玉瑶, 郝婧宇, 吴水才. 结合快速独立成分分析算法和卷积神经网络的胎儿心电信号提取与分析方法. 生物医学工程学杂志, 2023, 40(1): 51-59.
26.	Li J, Liu Z, Qiu M, et al. Fault diagnosis model of rolling bearing based on parameter adaptive VMD algorithm and Sparrow Search Algorithm-Based PNN. Appl Intell, 2023, 25(2): 3150-3165.
27.	Chengbo Y, Youyu M. Optimised VMD based on improved Grey Wolf for human pulse wave characterisation. J Phys Conf Ser, 2022, 2356(1): 12-23.
28.	Su H, Zhao D, Heidari A A, et al. RIME: A physics-based optimization. Neurocomputing, 2023, 523(203): 183-214.
29.	Zhao N, Zhang J, Mao Z, et al. Time-frequency feature extraction method of the multi-source shock signal based on improved VMD and bilateral adaptive Laplace wavelet. Chin J Mech Eng-En, 2023, 36(1): 36.
30.	任彧, 刘稳, 高志刚. 一种改进的用于心率估计的峰值提取方法. 生物医学工程学杂志, 2019, 36(5): 834-840.

1. 方震, 简璞, 张浩, 等. 基于FMCW雷达的非接触式医疗健康监测技术综述. 雷达学报, 2022, 11(3): 499-516.
2. Kranjec J, Begus S, Gersak G, et al. Non-contact heart rate and heart rate variability measurements: A review. Biomed Signal Process Control, 2014, 13: 102-112.
3. Seflek I, Yaldiz E. A comprehensive study about low-cost and limited bandwidth FMCW bio-radar: detailed analyses on vital signs measurements. Frequenz, 2022, 76(9-10): 505-520.
4. Phuoc N S. Variable IIR digital band-pass and band-stop filters// 2018 2nd International Conference on Imaging, Signal Processing and Communication (ICISPC). Kuala Lumpur: IEEE, 2018: 132-137.
5. 余明, 陈锋, 张广, 等. 基于经验模态分解与独立成分分析的心肺复苏伪迹自适应滤除算法. 生物医学工程学杂志, 2016, 33(5): 834-841.
6. Li C, Wu Y, Lin H, et al. ECG denoising method based on an improved VMD algorithm. IEEE Sens J, 2022, 22(23): 22725-22733.
7. Jaros R, Nedoma J, Kepak S, et al. Fiber-optic interferometry-based heart rate monitoring. IEEE Trans Instrum Meas, 2022, 71: 1-15.
8. Higashi K, Sun G, Ishibashi K. Precise heart rate measurement using non-contact Doppler radar assisted by machine-learning-based sleep posture estimation// 2019 41st Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC). Berlin: IEEE, 2019: 788-791.
9. 胡锡坤, 金添. 基于自适应小波尺度选择的生物雷达呼吸与心跳分离方法. 雷达学报, 2016, 5(5): 462-469.
10. Qi Q, Zhao Y, Zhang L, et al. Research on ultra-wideband radar echo signal processing method based on P-order extraction and VMD. Sensors, 2022, 22(18): 6726.
11. 国家药品监督管理局. 医用电气设备: GB 9706.227-2021. 北京: 国家药品监督管理局,2021.
12. Yan X, Huiyue Y, Wuxiong Z, et al. An improved CZT algorithm for high-precision frequency estimation. Appl Sci, 2023, 13(3): 1907.
13. Ni P, Miao C, Tang H, et al. Small foreign object debris detection for millimeter-wave radar based on power spectrum features. Sensors, 2020, 20(08): 2316.
14. 卢炤宇, 葛春风, 王肇颖, 等. 频率调制连续波激光雷达技术基础与研究进展. 光电工程, 2019, 46(7): 7-20.
15. Zhang Z, Qiu Z, Hu W, et al. Research on wingtip distance measurement of high-speed coaxial helicopter based on 77 GHz FMCW millimeter-wave radar. Meas Sci Technol, 2023, 34(8): 085111.
16. Huang X, Cheena H, Thomas A, et al. Indoor detection and tracking of people using mmWave sensor. J Sen, 2021, 2021: 6657709.
17. Eder Y, Eldar Y C. Sparsity-based multi-person non-contact vital signs monitoring via FMCW radar. IEEE J Biomed Health Inform, 2023, 27(6): 2806-2817.
18. Cooley J W, Tukey J W. An algorithm for the machine calculation of complex Fourier series. Math Comput, 1965, 19(90): 297-301.
19. Park B K, Boric-Lubecke O, Lubecke V M. Arctangent demodulation with dc offset compensation in quadrature Doppler radar receiver systems. IEEE Trans Microw Theory Tech, 2007, 55(5): 1073-1079.
20. Mercuri M, Lorato I R, Liu Y H, et al. Vital-sign monitoring and spatial tracking of multiple people using a contactless radar-based sensor. Nat Electron, 2019, 2: 252-262.
21. Ge Z, Guo H, Wang T, et al. Universal graph filter design based on Butterworth, Chebyshev, and Elliptic functions. Signal Process, 2023, 42(1): 564-579.
22. Li X, Wan S, Huang X, et al. Milling chatter detection based on VMD and difference of power spectral entropy. Int J Adv Manuf Technol, 2020, 111(7-8): 2051-2063.
23. Shahshahani S M R, Mahdiani H R. FiCA: A fixed-point custom architecture FastICA for real-time and latency-sensitive applications. IEEE Trans Neural Syst Rehabil Eng, 2022, 30: 2896-2905.
24. 杨蕾, 王慧琴, 王可, 等. 基于聚类优化FastICA的混合颜料光谱信息解混算法. 光学学报, 2020, 40(5): 205-213.
25. 杨玉瑶, 郝婧宇, 吴水才. 结合快速独立成分分析算法和卷积神经网络的胎儿心电信号提取与分析方法. 生物医学工程学杂志, 2023, 40(1): 51-59.
26. Li J, Liu Z, Qiu M, et al. Fault diagnosis model of rolling bearing based on parameter adaptive VMD algorithm and Sparrow Search Algorithm-Based PNN. Appl Intell, 2023, 25(2): 3150-3165.
27. Chengbo Y, Youyu M. Optimised VMD based on improved Grey Wolf for human pulse wave characterisation. J Phys Conf Ser, 2022, 2356(1): 12-23.
28. Su H, Zhao D, Heidari A A, et al. RIME: A physics-based optimization. Neurocomputing, 2023, 523(203): 183-214.
29. Zhao N, Zhang J, Mao Z, et al. Time-frequency feature extraction method of the multi-source shock signal based on improved VMD and bilateral adaptive Laplace wavelet. Chin J Mech Eng-En, 2023, 36(1): 36.
30. 任彧, 刘稳, 高志刚. 一种改进的用于心率估计的峰值提取方法. 生物医学工程学杂志, 2019, 36(5): 834-840.

Journal of Biomedical Engineering

Precise measurement of human heart rate based on multi-channel radar data fusion

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