An efficient and practical electrode optimization method for transcranial electrical stimulation_Journal of Biomedical Engineering

Authors：

XIE Xu ^1,2 ,  WANG Minmin ^1,2 , ZHANG Shaomin ²

1. College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China;
2. Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Qiushi Academy for Advanced Studies, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China;

Corresponding author：

WANG Minmin, Email: minminwang@zju.edu.cn

Keywords：

Transcranial electrical stimulation; Electrode optimization; Efficient computation; Finite element

DOI：

10.7507/1001-5515.202308016

Video：

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Transcranial electrical stimulation (TES) is a non-invasive neuromodulation technique with great potential. Electrode optimization methods based on simulation models of individual TES field could provide personalized stimulation parameters according to individual variations in head tissue structure, significantly enhancing the stimulation accuracy of TES. However, the existing electrode optimization methods suffer from prolonged computation times (typically exceeding 1 d) and limitations such as disregarding the restricted number of output channels from the stimulator, further impeding their clinical applicability. Hence, this paper proposes an efficient and practical electrode optimization method. The proposed method simultaneously optimizes both the intensity and focality of TES within the target brain area while constraining the number of electrodes used, and it achieves faster computational speed. Compared to commonly used electrode optimization methods, the proposed method significantly reduces computation time by 85.9% while maintaining optimization effectiveness. Moreover, our method considered the number of available channels for the stimulator to distribute the current across multiple electrodes, further improving the tolerability of TES. The electrode optimization method proposed in this paper has the characteristics of high efficiency and easy operation, potentially providing valuable supporting data and references for the implementation of individualized TES.

Citation： XIE Xu, WANG Minmin, ZHANG Shaomin. An efficient and practical electrode optimization method for transcranial electrical stimulation. Journal of Biomedical Engineering, 2024, 41(4): 724-731, 741. doi: 10.7507/1001-5515.202308016 Copy

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2.	Palm U, Hasan A, Strube W, et al. tDCS for the treatment of depression: a comprehensive review. European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience, 2016, 266(8): 681-694..
3.	Sudbrack-Oliveira P, Barbosa M Z, Thome-Souza S, et al. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) in the management of epilepsy: a systematic review. Seizure, 2021, 86: 85-95..
4.	杨钰琳, 常万鹏, 丁江涛, 等. 经颅直流电刺激不同靶点治疗帕金森病效果的网状Meta分析. 中国组织工程研究, 2024, 28(11): 1797-1804..
5.	徐盼盼, 练涛. 经颅直流电刺激在记忆障碍治疗的研究进展. 安徽医药, 2023, 27(6): 1069-1072..
6.	Javadi A H, Cheng P. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) enhances reconsolidation of long-term memory. Brain Stimulation, 2013, 6(4): 668-674..
7.	亓朔, 刘宇, 王晓慧. 经颅直流电刺激提升运动表现的生理机制. 神经解剖学杂志, 2023, 39(1): 119-122..
8.	张娜, 刘卉, 苗雨, 等. 经颅电刺激技术用于运动表现提升的研究进展. 中国生物医学工程学报, 2022, 41(2): 214-223..
9.	郭娅美, 李启杰, 姜劲, 等. 基于认知训练和经颅直流电刺激组合的认知增强技术综述. 生物医学工程学杂志, 2020, 37(5): 903-909..
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11.	刘盼, 刘世文. 经颅直流电刺激的研究及应用. 中国组织工程研究与临床康复, 2011, 15(39): 7379-7383..
12.	Caulfield K A, George M S. Optimized APPS-tDCS electrode position, size, and distance doubles the on-target stimulation magnitude in 3000 electric field models. Scientific Reports. 2022, 12(1): 20116..
13.	关龙舟, 魏云, 李小俚. 经颅电刺激—一项具有发展前景的脑刺激技术. 中国医疗设备, 2015, 30(11): 1-5..
14.	Edwards D, Cortes M, Datta A, et al. Physiological and modeling evidence for focal transcranial electrical brain stimulation in humans: a basis for high-definition tDCS. NeuroImage, 2013, 74: 266-275..
15.	Dmochowski J P, Datta A, Bikson M, et al. Optimized multi-electrode stimulation increases focality and intensity at target. Journal of Neural Engineering. 2011, 8(4): 046011..
16.	Khan A, Haueisen J, Wolters C H, et al. Constrained maximum intensity optimized multi-electrode tDCS targeting of human somatosensory network. Annu Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc, 2019: 5894-5897..
17.	Khan A, Antonakakis M, Vogenauer N, et al. Individually optimized multi-channel tDCS for targeting somatosensory cortex. Clinical Neurophysiology. 2022, 134: 9-26..
18.	Wagner S, Burger M, Wolters C H. An optimization approach for well-targeted transcranial direct current stimulation. SIAM Journal on Applied Mathematics. 2016, 76(6): 2154-2174..
19.	Wang Y, Brand J, Liu W. Stimulation montage achieves balanced focality and intensity. Algorithms. 2022, 15(5): 169..
20.	Antal A, Alekseichuk I, Bikson M, et al. Low intensity transcranial electric stimulation: safety, ethical, legal regulatory and application guidelines. Clinical Neurophysiology. 2017, 128(9): 1774-1809..
21.	Zhu S, Wang M, Ma M, et al. An optimization approach for transcranial direct current stimulation using nondominated sorting genetic algorithm II. Annu Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc, 2021: 4337-4340..
22.	Wang M, Lou K, Liu Z, et al. Multi-objective optimization via evolutionary algorithm (MOVEA) for high-definition transcranial electrical stimulation of the human brain. NeuroImage, 2023, 280: 120331..
23.	Ruffini G, Fox M D, Ripolles O, et al. Optimization of multifocal transcranial current stimulation for weighted cortical pattern targeting from realistic modeling of electric fields. NeuroImage, 2014, 89(5): 216-225..
24.	Esmaeilpour Z, Milosevic M, Azevedo K, et al. Intracranial voltage recording during transcranial direct current stimulation (TDCS) in human subjects with validation of a standard model. Brain Stimulation, 2017, 10: 72-75..
25.	Huang Y, Dmochowski J P, Su Y, et al. Automated MRI segmentation for individualized modeling of current flow in the human head. Journal of Neural Engineering. 2013, 10(6): 066004..
26.	朱晟华. 经颅直流电刺激的电极优化及应用. 杭州: 浙江大学, 2021..
27.	Ashburner J, Friston K J. Unified segmentation. NeuroImage, 2005, 26(3): 839-851..
28.	Huang Y, Datta A, Bikson M, et al. Realistic volumetric-approach to simulate transcranial electric stimulation–ROAST–a fully automated open-source pipeline. Journal of Neural Engineering. 2019, 16(5): 056006..
29.	Caulfield K A, Indahlastari A, Nissim N R, et al. Electric field strength from prefrontal transcranial direct current stimulation determines degree of working memory response: a potential application of reverse-calculation modeling?. Neuromodulation: Technology at the Neural Interface, 2022, 25(4): 578-587..
30.	Faria P, Hallett M, Miranda P C. A finite element analysis of the effect of electrode area and inter-electrode distance on the spatial distribution of the current density in tDCS. Journal of Neural Engineering, 2011, 8(6): 066017..
31.	Lynch C J, Elbau I G, Ng T H, et al. Automated optimization of TMS coil placement for personalized functional network engagement. Neuron, 2022, 110(20): 3263-3277..

1. Nitsche M A, Paulus W. Excitability changes induced in the human motor cortex by weak transcranial direct current stimulation. Journal of Physiology, 2000, 527(3): 633-639..
2. Palm U, Hasan A, Strube W, et al. tDCS for the treatment of depression: a comprehensive review. European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience, 2016, 266(8): 681-694..
3. Sudbrack-Oliveira P, Barbosa M Z, Thome-Souza S, et al. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) in the management of epilepsy: a systematic review. Seizure, 2021, 86: 85-95..
4. 杨钰琳, 常万鹏, 丁江涛, 等. 经颅直流电刺激不同靶点治疗帕金森病效果的网状Meta分析. 中国组织工程研究, 2024, 28(11): 1797-1804..
5. 徐盼盼, 练涛. 经颅直流电刺激在记忆障碍治疗的研究进展. 安徽医药, 2023, 27(6): 1069-1072..
6. Javadi A H, Cheng P. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) enhances reconsolidation of long-term memory. Brain Stimulation, 2013, 6(4): 668-674..
7. 亓朔, 刘宇, 王晓慧. 经颅直流电刺激提升运动表现的生理机制. 神经解剖学杂志, 2023, 39(1): 119-122..
8. 张娜, 刘卉, 苗雨, 等. 经颅电刺激技术用于运动表现提升的研究进展. 中国生物医学工程学报, 2022, 41(2): 214-223..
9. 郭娅美, 李启杰, 姜劲, 等. 基于认知训练和经颅直流电刺激组合的认知增强技术综述. 生物医学工程学杂志, 2020, 37(5): 903-909..
10. Edwards D J, Cortes M, Wortman-Jutt S, et al. Transcranial direct current stimulation and sports performance. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 2017, 11: 243..
11. 刘盼, 刘世文. 经颅直流电刺激的研究及应用. 中国组织工程研究与临床康复, 2011, 15(39): 7379-7383..
12. Caulfield K A, George M S. Optimized APPS-tDCS electrode position, size, and distance doubles the on-target stimulation magnitude in 3000 electric field models. Scientific Reports. 2022, 12(1): 20116..
13. 关龙舟, 魏云, 李小俚. 经颅电刺激—一项具有发展前景的脑刺激技术. 中国医疗设备, 2015, 30(11): 1-5..
14. Edwards D, Cortes M, Datta A, et al. Physiological and modeling evidence for focal transcranial electrical brain stimulation in humans: a basis for high-definition tDCS. NeuroImage, 2013, 74: 266-275..
15. Dmochowski J P, Datta A, Bikson M, et al. Optimized multi-electrode stimulation increases focality and intensity at target. Journal of Neural Engineering. 2011, 8(4): 046011..
16. Khan A, Haueisen J, Wolters C H, et al. Constrained maximum intensity optimized multi-electrode tDCS targeting of human somatosensory network. Annu Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc, 2019: 5894-5897..
17. Khan A, Antonakakis M, Vogenauer N, et al. Individually optimized multi-channel tDCS for targeting somatosensory cortex. Clinical Neurophysiology. 2022, 134: 9-26..
18. Wagner S, Burger M, Wolters C H. An optimization approach for well-targeted transcranial direct current stimulation. SIAM Journal on Applied Mathematics. 2016, 76(6): 2154-2174..
19. Wang Y, Brand J, Liu W. Stimulation montage achieves balanced focality and intensity. Algorithms. 2022, 15(5): 169..
20. Antal A, Alekseichuk I, Bikson M, et al. Low intensity transcranial electric stimulation: safety, ethical, legal regulatory and application guidelines. Clinical Neurophysiology. 2017, 128(9): 1774-1809..
21. Zhu S, Wang M, Ma M, et al. An optimization approach for transcranial direct current stimulation using nondominated sorting genetic algorithm II. Annu Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc, 2021: 4337-4340..
22. Wang M, Lou K, Liu Z, et al. Multi-objective optimization via evolutionary algorithm (MOVEA) for high-definition transcranial electrical stimulation of the human brain. NeuroImage, 2023, 280: 120331..
23. Ruffini G, Fox M D, Ripolles O, et al. Optimization of multifocal transcranial current stimulation for weighted cortical pattern targeting from realistic modeling of electric fields. NeuroImage, 2014, 89(5): 216-225..
24. Esmaeilpour Z, Milosevic M, Azevedo K, et al. Intracranial voltage recording during transcranial direct current stimulation (TDCS) in human subjects with validation of a standard model. Brain Stimulation, 2017, 10: 72-75..
25. Huang Y, Dmochowski J P, Su Y, et al. Automated MRI segmentation for individualized modeling of current flow in the human head. Journal of Neural Engineering. 2013, 10(6): 066004..
26. 朱晟华. 经颅直流电刺激的电极优化及应用. 杭州: 浙江大学, 2021..
27. Ashburner J, Friston K J. Unified segmentation. NeuroImage, 2005, 26(3): 839-851..
28. Huang Y, Datta A, Bikson M, et al. Realistic volumetric-approach to simulate transcranial electric stimulation–ROAST–a fully automated open-source pipeline. Journal of Neural Engineering. 2019, 16(5): 056006..
29. Caulfield K A, Indahlastari A, Nissim N R, et al. Electric field strength from prefrontal transcranial direct current stimulation determines degree of working memory response: a potential application of reverse-calculation modeling?. Neuromodulation: Technology at the Neural Interface, 2022, 25(4): 578-587..
30. Faria P, Hallett M, Miranda P C. A finite element analysis of the effect of electrode area and inter-electrode distance on the spatial distribution of the current density in tDCS. Journal of Neural Engineering, 2011, 8(6): 066017..
31. Lynch C J, Elbau I G, Ng T H, et al. Automated optimization of TMS coil placement for personalized functional network engagement. Neuron, 2022, 110(20): 3263-3277..

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An efficient and practical electrode optimization method for transcranial electrical stimulation

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