A study on the effects of transcranial direct current stimulation combined with motor imagery on brain function based on electroencephalogram and near infrared spectrum_Journal of Biomedical Engineering

Authors：

 YAO Hang ^1,2,3 ,  YU Hongli ^1,2,3 , DU Boai ^1,2,3

1. School of Health Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, P. R. China;
2. State Key Laboratory of Reliability and Intelligence of Electrical Equipment, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, P. R. China;
3. Tianjin Key Laboratory of Bioelectromagnetic Technology and Intelligent Health, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, P. R. China;

Corresponding author：

YAO Hang, Email: 191169094@qq.com; YU Hongli, Email: yhlzyn@hebut.edu.cn

Keywords：

Motor imagery; Transcranial direct current stimulation; Electroencephalogram; near-infrared spectrum; Multiscale sample entropy

DOI：

10.7507/1001-5515.202310029

Video：

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Motor imagery is often used in the fields of sports training and neurorehabilitation for its advantages of being highly targeted, easy to learn, and requiring no special equipment, and has become a major research paradigm in cognitive neuroscience. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), an emerging neuromodulation technique, modulates cortical excitability, which in turn affects functions such as locomotion. However, it is unclear whether tDCS has a positive effect on motor imagery task states. In this paper, 16 young healthy subjects were included, and the electroencephalogram (EEG) signals and near-infrared spectrum (NIRS) signals of the subjects were collected when they were performing motor imagery tasks before and after receiving tDCS, and the changes in multiscale sample entropy (MSE) and haemoglobin concentration were calculated and analyzed during the different tasks. The results found that MSE of task-related brain regions increased, oxygenated haemoglobin concentration increased, and total haemoglobin concentration rose after tDCS stimulation, indicating that tDCS increased the activation of task-related brain regions and had a positive effect on motor imagery. This study may provide some reference value for the clinical study of tDCS combined with motor imagery.

Citation： YAO Hang, YU Hongli, DU Boai. A study on the effects of transcranial direct current stimulation combined with motor imagery on brain function based on electroencephalogram and near infrared spectrum. Journal of Biomedical Engineering, 2024, 41(3): 476-484. doi: 10.7507/1001-5515.202310029 Copy

1.	Wieland B, Behringer M, Zentgraf K. Motor imagery and the muscle system. International Journal of Psychophysiology, 2022, 174: 57-65.
2.	Fukumoto Y, Todo M, Bunno Y, et al. Differences in motor imagery strategy change behavioral outcome. Scientific Reports, 2022, 12(1): 13868.
3.	Sisti H M, Beebe A, Bishop M, et al. A brief review of motor imagery and bimanual coordination. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 2022, 16: 1037410.
4.	Santos L V, Lopes J B P, Duarte N A C, et al. tDCS and motor training in individuals with central nervous system disease: a systematic review. Journal of Bodywork & Movement Therapies, 2020, 24(4): 442-451.
5.	Monai H, Hirase H. Astrocytic calcium activation in a mouse model of tDCS-extended discussion. Neurogenesis(Austin), 2016, 3(1): e1240055.
6.	Guo D, Li J, Zhang Y, et al. Transcranial direct current stimulation reconstructs diminished thalamocortical connectivity during prolonged resting wakefulness: a resting-state fMRI pilot study. Brain Imaging and Behavior, 2020, 14(1): 278-288.
7.	刘蒙蒙, 徐桂芝, 于洪丽, 等. 经颅直流电刺激下脑卒中患者康复期脑功能网络特性研究. 生物医学工程学杂志, 2021, 38(3): 498-506,511.
8.	Wachter D, Wrede A, Schulz-Schaeffer W, et al. Transcranial direct current stimulation induces polarity-specific changes of cortical blood perfusion in the rat. Experimental Neurology, 2011, 227(2): 322-327.
9.	Kober S E, Wood G, Kurzmann J, et al. Near-infrared spectroscopy based neurofeedback training increases specific motor imagery related cortical activation compared to sham feedback. Biological Psychology, 2014, 95: 21-30.
10.	Sawai S, Murata S, Fujikawa S, et al. Effects of neurofeedback training combined with transcranial direct current stimulation on motor imagery: a randomized controlled trial. Frontiers in Neuroscience, 2023, 17: 1148336.
11.	Yang K, Xi X, Wang T, et al. Effects of transcranial direct current stimulation on brain network connectivity and complexity in motor imagery. Neuroscience Letters, 2021, 757: 135968.
12.	Mozafaripour E, Sadati S K, Najafi L, et al. The effect of motor imaginary combined with transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on balance in middle-aged women with high fall risk: a double-blind randomized controlled trial. Neural Plasticity, 2023, 2023: 9680371.
13.	Metais A, Muller C O, Boublay N, et al. Anodal tDCS does not enhance the learning of the sequential finger-tapping task by motor imagery practice in healthy older adults. Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience, 2022, 14: 1060791.
14.	Hu M, Cheng H J, Ji F, et al. Brain functional changes in stroke following rehabilitation using brain-computer interface-assisted motor imagery with and without tDCS: a pilot study. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 2021, 15: 692304.
15.	de Brito Guerra TC, Nóbrega T, Morya E, et al. Electroencephalography signal analysis for human activities classification: a solution based on machine learning and motor imagery. Sensors, 2023, 23(9): 4277.
16.	Shibu C J, Sreedharan S, Arun K M, et al. Explainable artificial intelligence model to predict brain states from fNIRS signals. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 2023, 16: 1029784.
17.	Wan C S, Hadis D, Helga O, et al. Simultaneous multimodal fNIRS-EEG recordings reveal new insights in neural activity during motor execution, observation, and imagery. Scientific Reports, 2023, 13(1): 5151.
18.	Grami F, de Marco G, Bodranghien F, et al. Cerebellar transcranial direct current stimulation reconfigures brain networks involved in motor execution and mental imagery. Cerebellum, 2022, 21(4): 665-680.
19.	黄福鑫, 孙曜, 李景琦, 等. 经颅直流电刺激时长对脑运动皮层活跃度影响的研究. 中国生物医学工程学报, 2023, 42(4): 411-419.
20.	McFarland D J, Miner L A, Vaughan T M, et al. Mu and beta rhythm topographies during motor imagery and actual movements. Brain Topography, 2000, 12(3): 177-186.
21.	Wang J, Wu D, Cheng Y, et al. Effects of transcranial direct current stimulation on apraxia of speech and cortical activation in patients with stroke: a randomized sham-controlled study. American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology, 2019, 28(4): 1625-1637.
22.	王耀辉, 吕喆, 张重阳, 等. 基于脑电信号样本熵的急性脑梗死患者溶栓效果评价. 中国医学物理学杂志, 2022, 39(1): 81-86.
23.	Pawan, Dhiman R. Motor imagery signal classification using wavelet packet decomposition and modified binary grey wolf optimization. Measurement: Sensors, 2022, 24: 100553.
24.	Luo Z, Lu X, Zhou Y. EEG feature extraction based on brain function network and sample entropy. Journal of Electronics & Information Technology, 2021, 43(2): 412-418.
25.	沈晓燕, 王雪梅, 王燕. 基于样本熵和模式识别的脑电信号识别算法研究. 计算机工程与科学, 2020, 42(8): 1482-1488.
26.	谢平, 陈晓玲, 苏玉萍, 等. 基于EMD-多尺度熵和ELM的运动想象脑电特征提取和模式识别. 中国生物医学工程学报, 2013, 32(6): 641-648.
27.	Hu L, Xie J, Pan C, et al. Multi-feature fusion method based on WOSF and MSE for four-class MI EEG identification. Biomedical Signal Processing and Control, 2021, 69: 102907.
28.	邹晓红, 张轶勃, 孙延贞. 基于局部均值分解和多尺度熵的运动想象脑电信号特征提取方法. 高技术通讯, 2018, 28(1): 22-28.
29.	Wriessnegger S C, Kurzmann J, Neuper C. Spatio-temporal differences in brain oxygenation between movement execution and imagery: a multichannel near-infrared spectroscopy study. International Journal of Psychophysiology, 2008, 67(1): 54-63.
30.	Matsukawa K, Asahara R, Ishii K, et al. Increased prefrontal oxygenation prior to and at the onset of over-ground locomotion in humans. Journal of Applied Physiology, 2020, 129(5): 1161-1172.
31.	Asahara R, Ishii K, Okamoto L, et al. Increased oxygenation in the non-contracting forearm muscle during contralateral skilful hand movement. Experimental Physiology, 2020, 105(6): 950-965.
32.	Martinez J A, Wiffstein M W, Folger S F, et al. Brain activity during unilateral physical and imagined isometric contractions. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 2019, 13: 413.

1. Wieland B, Behringer M, Zentgraf K. Motor imagery and the muscle system. International Journal of Psychophysiology, 2022, 174: 57-65.
2. Fukumoto Y, Todo M, Bunno Y, et al. Differences in motor imagery strategy change behavioral outcome. Scientific Reports, 2022, 12(1): 13868.
3. Sisti H M, Beebe A, Bishop M, et al. A brief review of motor imagery and bimanual coordination. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 2022, 16: 1037410.
4. Santos L V, Lopes J B P, Duarte N A C, et al. tDCS and motor training in individuals with central nervous system disease: a systematic review. Journal of Bodywork & Movement Therapies, 2020, 24(4): 442-451.
5. Monai H, Hirase H. Astrocytic calcium activation in a mouse model of tDCS-extended discussion. Neurogenesis(Austin), 2016, 3(1): e1240055.
6. Guo D, Li J, Zhang Y, et al. Transcranial direct current stimulation reconstructs diminished thalamocortical connectivity during prolonged resting wakefulness: a resting-state fMRI pilot study. Brain Imaging and Behavior, 2020, 14(1): 278-288.
7. 刘蒙蒙, 徐桂芝, 于洪丽, 等. 经颅直流电刺激下脑卒中患者康复期脑功能网络特性研究. 生物医学工程学杂志, 2021, 38(3): 498-506,511.
8. Wachter D, Wrede A, Schulz-Schaeffer W, et al. Transcranial direct current stimulation induces polarity-specific changes of cortical blood perfusion in the rat. Experimental Neurology, 2011, 227(2): 322-327.
9. Kober S E, Wood G, Kurzmann J, et al. Near-infrared spectroscopy based neurofeedback training increases specific motor imagery related cortical activation compared to sham feedback. Biological Psychology, 2014, 95: 21-30.
10. Sawai S, Murata S, Fujikawa S, et al. Effects of neurofeedback training combined with transcranial direct current stimulation on motor imagery: a randomized controlled trial. Frontiers in Neuroscience, 2023, 17: 1148336.
11. Yang K, Xi X, Wang T, et al. Effects of transcranial direct current stimulation on brain network connectivity and complexity in motor imagery. Neuroscience Letters, 2021, 757: 135968.
12. Mozafaripour E, Sadati S K, Najafi L, et al. The effect of motor imaginary combined with transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on balance in middle-aged women with high fall risk: a double-blind randomized controlled trial. Neural Plasticity, 2023, 2023: 9680371.
13. Metais A, Muller C O, Boublay N, et al. Anodal tDCS does not enhance the learning of the sequential finger-tapping task by motor imagery practice in healthy older adults. Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience, 2022, 14: 1060791.
14. Hu M, Cheng H J, Ji F, et al. Brain functional changes in stroke following rehabilitation using brain-computer interface-assisted motor imagery with and without tDCS: a pilot study. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 2021, 15: 692304.
15. de Brito Guerra TC, Nóbrega T, Morya E, et al. Electroencephalography signal analysis for human activities classification: a solution based on machine learning and motor imagery. Sensors, 2023, 23(9): 4277.
16. Shibu C J, Sreedharan S, Arun K M, et al. Explainable artificial intelligence model to predict brain states from fNIRS signals. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 2023, 16: 1029784.
17. Wan C S, Hadis D, Helga O, et al. Simultaneous multimodal fNIRS-EEG recordings reveal new insights in neural activity during motor execution, observation, and imagery. Scientific Reports, 2023, 13(1): 5151.
18. Grami F, de Marco G, Bodranghien F, et al. Cerebellar transcranial direct current stimulation reconfigures brain networks involved in motor execution and mental imagery. Cerebellum, 2022, 21(4): 665-680.
19. 黄福鑫, 孙曜, 李景琦, 等. 经颅直流电刺激时长对脑运动皮层活跃度影响的研究. 中国生物医学工程学报, 2023, 42(4): 411-419.
20. McFarland D J, Miner L A, Vaughan T M, et al. Mu and beta rhythm topographies during motor imagery and actual movements. Brain Topography, 2000, 12(3): 177-186.
21. Wang J, Wu D, Cheng Y, et al. Effects of transcranial direct current stimulation on apraxia of speech and cortical activation in patients with stroke: a randomized sham-controlled study. American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology, 2019, 28(4): 1625-1637.
22. 王耀辉, 吕喆, 张重阳, 等. 基于脑电信号样本熵的急性脑梗死患者溶栓效果评价. 中国医学物理学杂志, 2022, 39(1): 81-86.
23. Pawan, Dhiman R. Motor imagery signal classification using wavelet packet decomposition and modified binary grey wolf optimization. Measurement: Sensors, 2022, 24: 100553.
24. Luo Z, Lu X, Zhou Y. EEG feature extraction based on brain function network and sample entropy. Journal of Electronics & Information Technology, 2021, 43(2): 412-418.
25. 沈晓燕, 王雪梅, 王燕. 基于样本熵和模式识别的脑电信号识别算法研究. 计算机工程与科学, 2020, 42(8): 1482-1488.
26. 谢平, 陈晓玲, 苏玉萍, 等. 基于EMD-多尺度熵和ELM的运动想象脑电特征提取和模式识别. 中国生物医学工程学报, 2013, 32(6): 641-648.
27. Hu L, Xie J, Pan C, et al. Multi-feature fusion method based on WOSF and MSE for four-class MI EEG identification. Biomedical Signal Processing and Control, 2021, 69: 102907.
28. 邹晓红, 张轶勃, 孙延贞. 基于局部均值分解和多尺度熵的运动想象脑电信号特征提取方法. 高技术通讯, 2018, 28(1): 22-28.
29. Wriessnegger S C, Kurzmann J, Neuper C. Spatio-temporal differences in brain oxygenation between movement execution and imagery: a multichannel near-infrared spectroscopy study. International Journal of Psychophysiology, 2008, 67(1): 54-63.
30. Matsukawa K, Asahara R, Ishii K, et al. Increased prefrontal oxygenation prior to and at the onset of over-ground locomotion in humans. Journal of Applied Physiology, 2020, 129(5): 1161-1172.
31. Asahara R, Ishii K, Okamoto L, et al. Increased oxygenation in the non-contracting forearm muscle during contralateral skilful hand movement. Experimental Physiology, 2020, 105(6): 950-965.
32. Martinez J A, Wiffstein M W, Folger S F, et al. Brain activity during unilateral physical and imagined isometric contractions. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 2019, 13: 413.

Journal of Biomedical Engineering

A study on the effects of transcranial direct current stimulation combined with motor imagery on brain function based on electroencephalogram and near infrared spectrum

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