Research on flow characteristics of dual-outlet centrifugal disk blood pumps_Journal of Biomedical Engineering

Authors：

LIAN Qilong , XIAO Yuan , XIAO Yiping , CAO Zhanshuo ,  CUI Guomin

Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow and Heat Transfer in Power Engineering, School of Energy and Power Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, P. R. China;

Corresponding author：

CUI Guomin, Email: cgm@usst.edu.cn

Keywords：

Tesla blood pump; Hemolysis; Thrombosis; Dual-outlet volute shell

DOI：

10.7507/1001-5515.202408031

Video：

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Abstract Full text Figures/Tables Video References Cited by

Tesla blood pumps demonstrate a reduced propensity for hemolysis and thrombosis compared with vane blood pumps. Considering the restricted driving force within the secondary flow channel of vane blood pumps, along with the low hydraulic efficiency of conventional Tesla blood pumps and their internal flow characteristics that significantly contribute to hemolysis and thrombosis, this study introduces a set of vanes atop the rotor of the Tesla blood pump. This forms a dual-fluid domain rotor, and an axial dual-outlet volute shell structure is adopted to realize the separation of the fluid domains. Through numerical simulations of the new structure, a comparative analysis was conducted in this study on the internal flow characteristics of double-outlet and single-outlet volute shells, and symmetric and asymmetric cross-sections of the same rotor. The results indicate that the flow field distribution is more uniform under the double-outlet volute shell structure, and overall energy dissipation is decreased. After implementing the double-outlet design, in the asymmetric cross-section, compared with the symmetric cross-section, the fluid velocity gradient and turbulent kinetic energy at the tongue of the septum are reduced, and the fluid velocity gradient at the convergence of the diffuser tube outlets are also decreased. The maximum scalar stress is lower, and the decline in head and efficiency is mitigated. Moreover, compared with the single-outlet volute shell, the hemolysis index in the asymmetric cross-section is reduced. In summary, this paper proposes a novel dual-outlet centrifugal disk blood pumps, which can provide a reference for the structural design and performance optimization of magnetically levitated centrifugal blood pumps.

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2.	Drews T, Loebe M, Hennig E, et al. The ‘Berlin Heart’ assist device. Perfusion, 2000, 15(4): 387-396.
3.	Rogers J G, Aaronson K D, Boyle A J, et al. Continuous flow left ventricular assist device improves functional capacity and quality of life of advanced heart failure patients. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 2010, 55(17): 1826-1834.
4.	Bourque K, Cotter C, Dague C, et al. Design rationale and preclinical evaluation of the HeartMate 3 left ventricular assist system for hemocompatibility. ASAIO Journal, 2016, 62(4): 375-383.
5.	Bourque K, Gernes D B, Loree H M, et al. HeartMate III: pump design for a centrifugal LVAD with a magnetically levitated rotor. ASAIO Journal, 2001, 47(4): 401-405.
6.	Morshuis M, Schoenbrodt M, Nojiri C, et al. DuraHeart™ magnetically levitated centrifugal left ventricular assist system for advanced heart failure patients. Expert Review of Medical Devices, 2010, 7(2): 173-183.
7.	Foster M. The potential of a Tesla type device as a non pulsatile blood pump. London: Middlesex University, 2006.
8.	Tesla N. Fluid propulsion: US, US1061142A. 1913-05-06 [2025-08-20].
9.	Izraelev V, Weiss W J, Fritz B, et al. A passively suspended Tesla pump left ventricular assist device. Asaio Journal, 2009, 55(6): 556-561.
10.	Miller G E, Etter B D, Dorsi J M. A multiple disk centrifugal pump as a blood flow device. IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering, 1990, 37(2): 157-163.
11.	Yu H. Flow design optimization of blood pumps considering hemolysis. Magdeburg: Otto von Guericke Universität Magdeburg, 2015.
12.	Medvitz R B, Boger D A, Izraelev V, et al. Computational fluid dynamics design and analysis of a passively suspended Tesla pump left ventricular assist device. Artificial Organs, 2011, 35(5): 522-533.
13.	刘晨, 张惟斌, 衡亚光, 等. 人工心脏圆盘泵的流动特性研究. 中国医学物理学杂志, 2023, 40(4): 496-502.
14.	Gurth M I. Rotary disc slurry pump: US, US4773819A. 1988-09-27[2025-08-20].
15.	韩宇明. 叶片式圆盘泵内部流场结构及表面粗糙度影响研究. 成都: 西华大学, 2021.
16.	关醒凡. 现代泵理论与设计. 北京: 中国宇航出版社, 2011: 313-314.
17.	Rasamanikam M, Gurunathan B A, Ishak S A F M, et al. Design and analysis of a nozzle-less twin-entry turbine volute for automobile application. E-Prime-Advances in Electrical Engineering Electronics and Energy, 2024, 7: 100468.
18.	Xue Y, Yang M, Martinez-Botas R F, et al. Unsteady performance of a mixed-flow turbine with nozzled twin-entry volute confronted by pulsating incoming flow. Aerospace Science and Technology, 2019, 95: 105485.
19.	Wei J, Yang M, Xue Y, et al. Study on influence of admissions on loss generation in a twin-entry nozzleless radial turbine. Aerospace Science and Technology, 2022, 128: 107721.
20.	Li Y, Wang H, Xi Y, et al. Multi-indicator analysis of mechanical blood damage with five clinical ventricular assist devices. Computers in Biology and Medicine, 2022, 151 (Pt A): 106271.
21.	Heng Y ,Chen Z ,Jiang Q , et al. Performance and internal flow pattern analyses of a specific centrifugal disc pump under air-water two-phase flow conditions. Energy, 2024, 309: 132981.
22.	Pei Y ,Liu Q ,Wang C , et al. Analytical methods and verification of impeller outlet velocity slip of solid–liquid disc pump with multi-type blades. Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering, 2020, 46(7): 1-13.
23.	Morshed K N, Bark D, Forleo M, et al. Theory to predict shear stress on cells in turbulent blood flow. PloS One, 2014, 9(8): e105357.
24.	Giersiepen M, Wurzinger L J, Opitz R, et al. Estimation of shear stress-related blood damage in heart valve prostheses-in vitro comparison of 25 aortic valves. The International Journal of Artificial Organs, 1990, 13(5): 300-306.
25.	Heuser G, Opitz R. A Couette viscometer for short time shearing of blood. Biorheology, 1980, 17(1-2): 17-24.
26.	Faghih M M, Keith Sharp M. Extending the power-law hemolysis model to complex flows. Journal of Biomechanical Engineering, 2016, 138(12): 124504.
27.	Alemu Y, Bluestein D. Flow‐induced platelet activation and damage accumulation in a mechanical heart valve: numerical studies. Artificial Organs, 2007, 31(9): 677-688.
28.	Ponnaluri S V, Hariharan P, Herbertson L H, et al. Results of the interlaboratory computational fluid dynamics study of the FDA benchmark blood pump. Annals of Biomedical Engineering, 2023, 51(1): 253-269.
29.	刘泽辉. 磁悬浮离心式人工心脏泵设计及性能评价. 济南: 山东大学, 2021.
30.	LaRose J A, Tamez D, Ashenuga M, et al. Design concepts and principle of operation of the HeartWare ventricular assist system. ASAIO Journal, 2010, 56(4): 285-289.

1. Avci M, Heck M, O’Rear E A, et al. Hemolysis estimation in turbulent flow for the FDA critical path initiative centrifugal blood pump. Biomechanics and Modeling in Mechanobiology, 2021, 20(5): 1709-1722.
2. Drews T, Loebe M, Hennig E, et al. The ‘Berlin Heart’ assist device. Perfusion, 2000, 15(4): 387-396.
3. Rogers J G, Aaronson K D, Boyle A J, et al. Continuous flow left ventricular assist device improves functional capacity and quality of life of advanced heart failure patients. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 2010, 55(17): 1826-1834.
4. Bourque K, Cotter C, Dague C, et al. Design rationale and preclinical evaluation of the HeartMate 3 left ventricular assist system for hemocompatibility. ASAIO Journal, 2016, 62(4): 375-383.
5. Bourque K, Gernes D B, Loree H M, et al. HeartMate III: pump design for a centrifugal LVAD with a magnetically levitated rotor. ASAIO Journal, 2001, 47(4): 401-405.
6. Morshuis M, Schoenbrodt M, Nojiri C, et al. DuraHeart™ magnetically levitated centrifugal left ventricular assist system for advanced heart failure patients. Expert Review of Medical Devices, 2010, 7(2): 173-183.
7. Foster M. The potential of a Tesla type device as a non pulsatile blood pump. London: Middlesex University, 2006.
8. Tesla N. Fluid propulsion: US, US1061142A. 1913-05-06 [2025-08-20].
9. Izraelev V, Weiss W J, Fritz B, et al. A passively suspended Tesla pump left ventricular assist device. Asaio Journal, 2009, 55(6): 556-561.
10. Miller G E, Etter B D, Dorsi J M. A multiple disk centrifugal pump as a blood flow device. IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering, 1990, 37(2): 157-163.
11. Yu H. Flow design optimization of blood pumps considering hemolysis. Magdeburg: Otto von Guericke Universität Magdeburg, 2015.
12. Medvitz R B, Boger D A, Izraelev V, et al. Computational fluid dynamics design and analysis of a passively suspended Tesla pump left ventricular assist device. Artificial Organs, 2011, 35(5): 522-533.
13. 刘晨, 张惟斌, 衡亚光, 等. 人工心脏圆盘泵的流动特性研究. 中国医学物理学杂志, 2023, 40(4): 496-502.
14. Gurth M I. Rotary disc slurry pump: US, US4773819A. 1988-09-27[2025-08-20].
15. 韩宇明. 叶片式圆盘泵内部流场结构及表面粗糙度影响研究. 成都: 西华大学, 2021.
16. 关醒凡. 现代泵理论与设计. 北京: 中国宇航出版社, 2011: 313-314.
17. Rasamanikam M, Gurunathan B A, Ishak S A F M, et al. Design and analysis of a nozzle-less twin-entry turbine volute for automobile application. E-Prime-Advances in Electrical Engineering Electronics and Energy, 2024, 7: 100468.
18. Xue Y, Yang M, Martinez-Botas R F, et al. Unsteady performance of a mixed-flow turbine with nozzled twin-entry volute confronted by pulsating incoming flow. Aerospace Science and Technology, 2019, 95: 105485.
19. Wei J, Yang M, Xue Y, et al. Study on influence of admissions on loss generation in a twin-entry nozzleless radial turbine. Aerospace Science and Technology, 2022, 128: 107721.
20. Li Y, Wang H, Xi Y, et al. Multi-indicator analysis of mechanical blood damage with five clinical ventricular assist devices. Computers in Biology and Medicine, 2022, 151 (Pt A): 106271.
21. Heng Y ,Chen Z ,Jiang Q , et al. Performance and internal flow pattern analyses of a specific centrifugal disc pump under air-water two-phase flow conditions. Energy, 2024, 309: 132981.
22. Pei Y ,Liu Q ,Wang C , et al. Analytical methods and verification of impeller outlet velocity slip of solid–liquid disc pump with multi-type blades. Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering, 2020, 46(7): 1-13.
23. Morshed K N, Bark D, Forleo M, et al. Theory to predict shear stress on cells in turbulent blood flow. PloS One, 2014, 9(8): e105357.
24. Giersiepen M, Wurzinger L J, Opitz R, et al. Estimation of shear stress-related blood damage in heart valve prostheses-in vitro comparison of 25 aortic valves. The International Journal of Artificial Organs, 1990, 13(5): 300-306.
25. Heuser G, Opitz R. A Couette viscometer for short time shearing of blood. Biorheology, 1980, 17(1-2): 17-24.
26. Faghih M M, Keith Sharp M. Extending the power-law hemolysis model to complex flows. Journal of Biomechanical Engineering, 2016, 138(12): 124504.
27. Alemu Y, Bluestein D. Flow‐induced platelet activation and damage accumulation in a mechanical heart valve: numerical studies. Artificial Organs, 2007, 31(9): 677-688.
28. Ponnaluri S V, Hariharan P, Herbertson L H, et al. Results of the interlaboratory computational fluid dynamics study of the FDA benchmark blood pump. Annals of Biomedical Engineering, 2023, 51(1): 253-269.
29. 刘泽辉. 磁悬浮离心式人工心脏泵设计及性能评价. 济南: 山东大学, 2021.
30. LaRose J A, Tamez D, Ashenuga M, et al. Design concepts and principle of operation of the HeartWare ventricular assist system. ASAIO Journal, 2010, 56(4): 285-289.

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