<trans-title xml:lang="en"/>_West China Medical Journal

Authors：

, ,  , , ,

四川大学华西医院泌尿外科/泌尿外科研究所（成都 610041）;

Corresponding author：

, Email: wqurologist@163.com

Keywords：

前列腺癌; 治疗; 进展

DOI：

10.7507/1002-0179.201505129

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前列腺癌是指发生在前列腺的上皮性恶性肿瘤，是男性泌尿生殖系统发病率较高的恶性肿瘤之一。其发病率有明显的地区和种族差异，欧洲联盟癌症死亡率预测表明，前列腺癌死亡率将位居第 3。我国的前列腺癌发病率虽低于欧美国家，但随着人口老龄化加速，近年来也呈明显上升趋势。前列腺癌的治疗方式选择主要依据肿瘤的临床分期、Gleason 评分、患者年龄和一般状况等综合情况考虑决定。临床采用何种方法治疗前列腺癌其根本目的是使患者受益。随着对前列腺癌的研究不断深入，前列腺癌的治疗方式也发生了一些变化。该文就前列腺癌多种治疗方式的研究进展作了综述。

Citation： 曹德宏, 柳良仁, 魏强, 汤壮, 董强, 王佳. . West China Medical Journal, 2017, 32(2): 277-281. doi: 10.7507/1002-0179.201505129 Copy

1.	Malvezzi M, Bertuccio P, Rosso T, et al. European cancer mortality predictions for the year 2015: does lung cancer have the highest death rate in EU women?. Ann Oncol, 2015, 26(4): 779-786.
2.	Chen W, Zheng R, Baade PD, et al. Cancer statistics in China, 2015. CA Cancer J Clin, 2016, 66(2): 115-132.
3.	陈万青, 郑荣寿, 张思维, 等. 2013年中国老年人群恶性肿瘤发病和死亡分析. 中华肿瘤杂志, 2017, 39(1): 60-66.
4.	Rittenmeyer L, Huffman D, Alagna M, et al. The experience of adults who choose watchful waiting or active surveillance as an approach to medical treatment: a qualitative systematic review. JBI Database System Rev Implement Rep, 2016, 14(2): 174-255.
5.	Mortier P, Bastide C, Lechevallier E, et al. Oncological results of active surveillance in prostate cancer: a retrospective multicentric cohort. Prog Urol, 2017, 27(1): 38-45.
6.	Heidenreich A, Aus G, Bolla M, et al. EAU guidelines on prostate cancer. Eur Urol, 2008, 53(1): 68-80.
7.	Schröder FH, Hugosson J, Roobol MJ, et al. Screening and prostate-cancer mortality in a randomized European study. N Engl J Med, 2009, 360(13): 1320-1328.
8.	Haas P, Delongchamps N, Brawley W, et al. The worldwide epidemiology of prostate cancer: perspectives from autopsy studies. Can J Urol, 2008, 15(1): 3866-3871.
9.	Lujan M, Paez A, Angulo JC, et al. Prostate cancer incidence and mortality in the Spanish section of the European randomized study of screening for prostate cancer (ERSPC). Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis, 2014, 17(2): 187-191.
10.	Schoots G, Petrides N, Giganti F, et al. Magnetic resonance imaging in active surveillance of prostate cancer: a systematic review. Eur Urol, 2015, 67(4): 627-636.
11.	Wilt J, Brawer K, Jones M, et al. Radical prostatectomy versus observation for localized prostate cancer. N Engl J Med, 2012, 367(3): 203-213.
12.	Hayes H, Ollendorf A, Pearson D, et al. Observation versus initial treatment for men with localized, low-risk prostate cancer: a cost-effectiveness analysis. Ann Intern Med, 2013, 158(12): 853-860.
13.	Musunuru HB, Klotz L, Vespirini D, et al. Cautionary tale of active surveillance in intermediate-risk patients: overall and cause-specific survival in the Sunnybrook experience. J Clin Oncol, 2015, 33(Suppl 7): abstr 163.
14.	Simpkin J, Tilling Kate, Martin M, et al. Systematic review and meta-analysis of factors determining change to radical treatment in active surveillance for localized prostate cancer. Eur Urol, 2015, 67(6): 993-1005.
15.	Schiavina R, Bianchi L, Borghesi M, et al. Predicting survival in node-positive prostate cancer after open, laparoscopic or robotic radical prostatectomy: a competing risk analysis of a multi-institutional database. Int J Urol, 2016, 23(12): 1000-1008.
16.	Lee HW, Jeon HG, Jeong BC, et al. Is radical perineal prostatectomy a viable therapeutic option for intermediate- and high-risk prostate cancer?. Korean Med Sci, 2015, 30(11): 1631-1637.
17.	Ji JD, Yuan HX, Wang LL, et al. Is the impact of the extent of lymphadenectomy in radical prostatectomy related to the disease risk? A single center prospective study. J Surg Res, 2012, 178(2): 779-784.
18.	Briganti A, Larcher A, Abdollah F, et al. Updated nomogram predicting lymph node invasion in patients with prostate cancer undergoing extended pelvic lymph node dissection: the essential importance of percentage of positive cores. Eur Urol, 2012, 61(3): 480-487.
19.	Ali A, Nguyen DP, Tewari A. Robot assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy in 2013. Minerva Chir, 2013, 68(5): 499-512.
20.	Robertson C, Close A, Fraser C, et al. Relative effectiveness of robot-assisted and standard laparoscopic prostatectomy as alternatives to open radical prostatectomy for treatment of localised prostate cancer: a systematic review and mixed treatment comparison meta-analysis. BJU Int, 2013, 112(6): 798-812.
21.	Wallis CJ, Herschorn S, Saskin R, et al. Complications after radical prostatectomy or radiotherapy for prostate cancer: results of a population-based, propensity score-matched analysis. J Urology, 2015, 85(3): 621-627.
22.	Michalski JM, Moughan J, Purdy J, et al. A randomized trial of 79.2 Gy versus 70.2 Gy radiation therapy (RT) for localized prostate cancer. Presented at the 2015 Genitourinary Cancers Symposium. J Clin Oncol, 2015, 33(Suppl 7): 4.
23.	Makino T, Mizokami A, Namiki M. Clinical outcomes of patients with localized and locally advanced prostate cancer undergoing high-dose-rate brachytherapy with external-beam radiotherapy at our institute. J Anticancer Res, 2015, 35(3): 1723-1728.
24.	Ingrosso G, Carosi A, Ponti E, et al. Acute and late toxicity after three-dimensional conformal image-guided radiotherapy for localized prostate cancer. Cancer Invest, 2014, 32(10): 526-532.
25.	Kalogeridi A, Kyrgias G, Zygogianni A, et al. Challenges and choices in prostate cancer irradiation: from the three dimensional conformal radiotherapy to the era of intensity modulated, image-guided and adaptive radiation treatment. Urol J, 2014, 11(6): 1925-1931.
26.	Hall D, Boyd C, Lippert C, et al. Why patients choose prostatectomy or brachytherapy for localized prostate cancer: results of a descriptive survey. Urology, 2003, 61(2): 402-407.
27.	Norderhaug I, Dahl O, Høisaeter A, et al. Brachytherapy for prostate cancer: a systematic review of clinical and cost effectiveness. Eur Urol, 2003, 44(1): 40-46.
28.	Maurer U, Wiegel T, Hinkelbein W, et al. Interstitial brachytherapy with permanent seed implants in early prostate cancer. Front Radiat Ther Oncol, 2002, 36: 166-170.
29.	Morris WJ. A multicenter, randomized trial of dose-escalated external beam radiation therapy (EBRT-B) versus low-dose-rate brachytherapy (LDR-B) for men with unfavorable-risk localized prostate cancer. J Clin Oncol, 2015, 33(Suppl 7): 3.
30.	Valerio M, Cerantola Y, Eggener SE, et al. New and established technology in focal ablation of the prostate: a systematic review. Eur Urol, 2017, 71(1): 17-34.
31.	Chang XF, Liu TS, Zhang F, et al. Salvage cryosurgery for locally recurrent prostate cancer after primary cryotherapy. Int Urol Nephrol, 2015, 47(2): 301-305.
32.	Li YH, Elshafei A, Agarwal G, et al. Salvage focal prostate cryoablation for locally recurrent prostate cancer after radiotherapy: initial results from the cryo on-line data registry. Prostate, 2015, 75(1): 1-7.
33.	Baumunk D, Schostak M. Treatment of localized prostate cancer with high-intensity focused ultrasound. J Urologe A, 2015, 54(2): 183-190.
34.	Bonillo GA, Gimeno AV, Jimenez Cruz JF. Radiofrequency interstitial tumor ablation (RITA) for the treatment of localised prostate cancer. J Actas Urol Esp, 2007, 31(6): 627-632.
35.	Thomsen FB. Long-term survival update of the scandinavian prostate cancer group 6 study: bicalutamide 150 mg daily versus placebo in hormone-naïve, non-metastatic prostate cancer. J lin Oncol, 2015, 33(Suppl 7): abstr 2.
36.	Nabid A. Place of short-term androgen deprivation therapy in intermediate-risk prostate cancer treated with radiotherapy: a phase Ⅲ trial. J Clin Oncol, 2015, 33(Suppl 7): 5.
37.	Widmark A, Klepp O, Solberg A, et al. Endocrine treatment, with or without radiotherapy, in locally advanced prostate cancer (SPCG-7/SFUO-3): an open randomised phase Ⅲ trial. Lancet, 2009, 373(9670): 301-308.
38.	Dodewaard-De DJ, Verheul HM, Bloemendal HJ, et al. New treatment options for patients with metastatic prostate cancer: what is the optimal sequence?. Clin Genitour Ca, 2015, 8: 271-279.
39.	Zhao B, Yerram K, Gao T, et al. Long-term survival of patients with locally advanced prostate cancer managed with neoadjuvant docetaxel and radical prostatectomy. Urol Oncol, 2015, 33(4): 164.e19-164.e23.
40.	Porsch M, Ulrich M, Wendler J, et al. A randomised phase Ⅱ trial comparing docetaxel plus prednisone with docetaxel plus prednisone plus low-dose cyclophosphamide in castration-resistant prostate cancer. Chemotherapy, 2014, 60(2): 129-134.
41.	Antonarakis ES, Lu CX, Chen Y, et al. AR splice variant 7(AR-V7) and response to taxanes in men with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). J Clin Oncol, 2015, 33(Suppl 7): 138.

1. Malvezzi M, Bertuccio P, Rosso T, et al. European cancer mortality predictions for the year 2015: does lung cancer have the highest death rate in EU women?. Ann Oncol, 2015, 26(4): 779-786.
2. Chen W, Zheng R, Baade PD, et al. Cancer statistics in China, 2015. CA Cancer J Clin, 2016, 66(2): 115-132.
3. 陈万青, 郑荣寿, 张思维, 等. 2013年中国老年人群恶性肿瘤发病和死亡分析. 中华肿瘤杂志, 2017, 39(1): 60-66.
4. Rittenmeyer L, Huffman D, Alagna M, et al. The experience of adults who choose watchful waiting or active surveillance as an approach to medical treatment: a qualitative systematic review. JBI Database System Rev Implement Rep, 2016, 14(2): 174-255.
5. Mortier P, Bastide C, Lechevallier E, et al. Oncological results of active surveillance in prostate cancer: a retrospective multicentric cohort. Prog Urol, 2017, 27(1): 38-45.
6. Heidenreich A, Aus G, Bolla M, et al. EAU guidelines on prostate cancer. Eur Urol, 2008, 53(1): 68-80.
7. Schröder FH, Hugosson J, Roobol MJ, et al. Screening and prostate-cancer mortality in a randomized European study. N Engl J Med, 2009, 360(13): 1320-1328.
8. Haas P, Delongchamps N, Brawley W, et al. The worldwide epidemiology of prostate cancer: perspectives from autopsy studies. Can J Urol, 2008, 15(1): 3866-3871.
9. Lujan M, Paez A, Angulo JC, et al. Prostate cancer incidence and mortality in the Spanish section of the European randomized study of screening for prostate cancer (ERSPC). Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis, 2014, 17(2): 187-191.
10. Schoots G, Petrides N, Giganti F, et al. Magnetic resonance imaging in active surveillance of prostate cancer: a systematic review. Eur Urol, 2015, 67(4): 627-636.
11. Wilt J, Brawer K, Jones M, et al. Radical prostatectomy versus observation for localized prostate cancer. N Engl J Med, 2012, 367(3): 203-213.
12. Hayes H, Ollendorf A, Pearson D, et al. Observation versus initial treatment for men with localized, low-risk prostate cancer: a cost-effectiveness analysis. Ann Intern Med, 2013, 158(12): 853-860.
13. Musunuru HB, Klotz L, Vespirini D, et al. Cautionary tale of active surveillance in intermediate-risk patients: overall and cause-specific survival in the Sunnybrook experience. J Clin Oncol, 2015, 33(Suppl 7): abstr 163.
14. Simpkin J, Tilling Kate, Martin M, et al. Systematic review and meta-analysis of factors determining change to radical treatment in active surveillance for localized prostate cancer. Eur Urol, 2015, 67(6): 993-1005.
15. Schiavina R, Bianchi L, Borghesi M, et al. Predicting survival in node-positive prostate cancer after open, laparoscopic or robotic radical prostatectomy: a competing risk analysis of a multi-institutional database. Int J Urol, 2016, 23(12): 1000-1008.
16. Lee HW, Jeon HG, Jeong BC, et al. Is radical perineal prostatectomy a viable therapeutic option for intermediate- and high-risk prostate cancer?. Korean Med Sci, 2015, 30(11): 1631-1637.
17. Ji JD, Yuan HX, Wang LL, et al. Is the impact of the extent of lymphadenectomy in radical prostatectomy related to the disease risk? A single center prospective study. J Surg Res, 2012, 178(2): 779-784.
18. Briganti A, Larcher A, Abdollah F, et al. Updated nomogram predicting lymph node invasion in patients with prostate cancer undergoing extended pelvic lymph node dissection: the essential importance of percentage of positive cores. Eur Urol, 2012, 61(3): 480-487.
19. Ali A, Nguyen DP, Tewari A. Robot assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy in 2013. Minerva Chir, 2013, 68(5): 499-512.
20. Robertson C, Close A, Fraser C, et al. Relative effectiveness of robot-assisted and standard laparoscopic prostatectomy as alternatives to open radical prostatectomy for treatment of localised prostate cancer: a systematic review and mixed treatment comparison meta-analysis. BJU Int, 2013, 112(6): 798-812.
21. Wallis CJ, Herschorn S, Saskin R, et al. Complications after radical prostatectomy or radiotherapy for prostate cancer: results of a population-based, propensity score-matched analysis. J Urology, 2015, 85(3): 621-627.
22. Michalski JM, Moughan J, Purdy J, et al. A randomized trial of 79.2 Gy versus 70.2 Gy radiation therapy (RT) for localized prostate cancer. Presented at the 2015 Genitourinary Cancers Symposium. J Clin Oncol, 2015, 33(Suppl 7): 4.
23. Makino T, Mizokami A, Namiki M. Clinical outcomes of patients with localized and locally advanced prostate cancer undergoing high-dose-rate brachytherapy with external-beam radiotherapy at our institute. J Anticancer Res, 2015, 35(3): 1723-1728.
24. Ingrosso G, Carosi A, Ponti E, et al. Acute and late toxicity after three-dimensional conformal image-guided radiotherapy for localized prostate cancer. Cancer Invest, 2014, 32(10): 526-532.
25. Kalogeridi A, Kyrgias G, Zygogianni A, et al. Challenges and choices in prostate cancer irradiation: from the three dimensional conformal radiotherapy to the era of intensity modulated, image-guided and adaptive radiation treatment. Urol J, 2014, 11(6): 1925-1931.
26. Hall D, Boyd C, Lippert C, et al. Why patients choose prostatectomy or brachytherapy for localized prostate cancer: results of a descriptive survey. Urology, 2003, 61(2): 402-407.
27. Norderhaug I, Dahl O, Høisaeter A, et al. Brachytherapy for prostate cancer: a systematic review of clinical and cost effectiveness. Eur Urol, 2003, 44(1): 40-46.
28. Maurer U, Wiegel T, Hinkelbein W, et al. Interstitial brachytherapy with permanent seed implants in early prostate cancer. Front Radiat Ther Oncol, 2002, 36: 166-170.
29. Morris WJ. A multicenter, randomized trial of dose-escalated external beam radiation therapy (EBRT-B) versus low-dose-rate brachytherapy (LDR-B) for men with unfavorable-risk localized prostate cancer. J Clin Oncol, 2015, 33(Suppl 7): 3.
30. Valerio M, Cerantola Y, Eggener SE, et al. New and established technology in focal ablation of the prostate: a systematic review. Eur Urol, 2017, 71(1): 17-34.
31. Chang XF, Liu TS, Zhang F, et al. Salvage cryosurgery for locally recurrent prostate cancer after primary cryotherapy. Int Urol Nephrol, 2015, 47(2): 301-305.
32. Li YH, Elshafei A, Agarwal G, et al. Salvage focal prostate cryoablation for locally recurrent prostate cancer after radiotherapy: initial results from the cryo on-line data registry. Prostate, 2015, 75(1): 1-7.
33. Baumunk D, Schostak M. Treatment of localized prostate cancer with high-intensity focused ultrasound. J Urologe A, 2015, 54(2): 183-190.
34. Bonillo GA, Gimeno AV, Jimenez Cruz JF. Radiofrequency interstitial tumor ablation (RITA) for the treatment of localised prostate cancer. J Actas Urol Esp, 2007, 31(6): 627-632.
35. Thomsen FB. Long-term survival update of the scandinavian prostate cancer group 6 study: bicalutamide 150 mg daily versus placebo in hormone-naïve, non-metastatic prostate cancer. J lin Oncol, 2015, 33(Suppl 7): abstr 2.
36. Nabid A. Place of short-term androgen deprivation therapy in intermediate-risk prostate cancer treated with radiotherapy: a phase Ⅲ trial. J Clin Oncol, 2015, 33(Suppl 7): 5.
37. Widmark A, Klepp O, Solberg A, et al. Endocrine treatment, with or without radiotherapy, in locally advanced prostate cancer (SPCG-7/SFUO-3): an open randomised phase Ⅲ trial. Lancet, 2009, 373(9670): 301-308.
38. Dodewaard-De DJ, Verheul HM, Bloemendal HJ, et al. New treatment options for patients with metastatic prostate cancer: what is the optimal sequence?. Clin Genitour Ca, 2015, 8: 271-279.
39. Zhao B, Yerram K, Gao T, et al. Long-term survival of patients with locally advanced prostate cancer managed with neoadjuvant docetaxel and radical prostatectomy. Urol Oncol, 2015, 33(4): 164.e19-164.e23.
40. Porsch M, Ulrich M, Wendler J, et al. A randomised phase Ⅱ trial comparing docetaxel plus prednisone with docetaxel plus prednisone plus low-dose cyclophosphamide in castration-resistant prostate cancer. Chemotherapy, 2014, 60(2): 129-134.
41. Antonarakis ES, Lu CX, Chen Y, et al. AR splice variant 7(AR-V7) and response to taxanes in men with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). J Clin Oncol, 2015, 33(Suppl 7): 138.

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