小儿尿道下裂术后疼痛护理的研究现状_West China Medical Journal

Authors：

冯黎维 , 辛文琼 ,  蒋欣

四川大学华西医院小儿外科（成都 610041）;

Corresponding author：

蒋欣, Email: flw-yutao@163.com

Keywords：

尿道下裂; 疼痛; 护理

DOI：

10.7507/1002-0179.201611051

Video：

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尿道下裂是男性泌尿生殖系统常见的畸形之一，而手术是目前治疗先天性尿道下裂唯一有效的方法，但手术在治疗患儿尿道下裂的同时也带来了疼痛问题，给患儿带来极大的痛苦。为提高护理人员对小儿尿道下裂术后疼痛现状的认知，针对性地开展护理、科研工作，该文从小儿尿道下裂术后疼痛调查现状、影响因素、导致的后果、治疗护理现状及存在的问题、家长参与疼痛管理等方面作一综述。

Citation： 冯黎维, 辛文琼, 蒋欣. 小儿尿道下裂术后疼痛护理的研究现状. West China Medical Journal, 2017, 32(12): 1980-1983. doi: 10.7507/1002-0179.201611051 Copy

1.	Leung AK, Robson WL. Hypospadias: an update. Asian J Androl, 2007, 9(1): 16-22.
2.	Hennekam RC, Allanson JE, Biesecker LG, et al. Elements of morphology: standard terminology for the external genitalia. Am J Med Genet A, 2013, 161A(6): 1238-1263.
3.	Chen MJ, Karaviti LP, Macias CG, et al. State of the art review in hypospadias: challenges in diagnosis and medical management. Pediatr Endocrinol Rev, 2014, 12(1): 46-54.
4.	Springer A. Assessment of outcome in hypospadias surgery - a review. Front Pediatr, 2014, 2: 2.
5.	Taverner T, Prince J. Nurse screening for neuropathic pain in postoperative patients. Br J Nurs, 2014, 23: 76-80.
6.	Chou R, Gordon DB, De Leon-Casasola OA, et al. Management of postoperative pain: a clinical practice guideline from the American pain society, the American society of regional anesthesia and pain medicine, and the American society of anesthesiologists' committee on regional anesthesia, executive committee, and administrative council. J Pain., 2016, 17(2): 131-157.
7.	Rosales, A, Fortier, MA, Campos B, et al. Postoperative pain management in Latino families: parent beliefs about analgesics predict analgesic doses provided to children. Paediatr Anaesth, 2016, 26(3): 307-323.
8.	Shrestha-Ranjit JM, Manias E. Pain assessment and management practices in children following surgery of the lower limb. J Clin Nurs, 2010, 19(1-2), 118-128.
9.	林成敏, 方艳丽, 刘争. 尿道下裂术后便秘对疼痛影响原因分析及护理对策. 西部医学, 23(10): 2015-2016.
10.	薛峻岭, 薛朝华, 唐薇. 尿道下裂患儿尿道成形术后疼痛的护理. 解放军护理杂志, 2006, 23(6), 59-60.
11.	杨毓敏. 尿道下裂患儿术后疼痛原因及缓解疼痛的护理措施分析. 中外医学研究, 2013, 89(24): 88-89.
12.	彭小梅. 尿道下裂术后疼痛的原因分析及护理对策. 牡丹江医学院学报, 2013(1): 83-84.
13.	Macfadyen AJ, Buckmaster MA. Pain management in the pediatric intensive care unit. Crit Care Clin, 1999, 15(1): 185-200.
14.	Wu Y, Lai W, Pei J, et al. Hyperglycemia and its association with clinical outcomes in postsurgical neonates and small infants in the intensive care unit. J Pediatr Surg, 2016, 51(7): 1142-1145.
15.	Wu Y, Pei J, Yang XD, et al. Hyperglycemia and its association with clinical outcomes for patients in the pediatric intensive care unit after abdominal surgery. J Pediatr Surg, 2013, 48(4): 801-805.
16.	Ismail A. The challenges of providing effective pain management for children in the pediatric intensive care unit. Pain Manag Nurs, 2016, 17(6): 372-383.
17.	Snodgrass W, Bush N. TIP hypospadias repair: a pediatric urology indicator operation. J Pediatr Urol, 2016, 12(1): 11-18.
18.	Kundra, P, Yuvaraj, K, Agrawal, K, et al. Surgical outcome in children undergoing hypospadias repair under caudal epidural vs penile block. Paediatr Anaesth, 2012, 22(7): 707-712.
19.	Canning DA. Re: surgical outcome in children undergoing hypospadias repair under caudal epidural vs penile block. J Urol, 2013, 189(5): 1904.
20.	Zaidi RH, Casanova NF, Haydar B, et al. Urethrocutaneous fistula following hypospadias repair: regional anesthesia and other factors. Paediatr Anaesth, 2015, 25(11): 1144-1150.
21.	潘怀清. 舒适护理在减少尿道下裂术后并发症中的应用. 护士进修杂志, 2011, 26(4): 375-376.
22.	薛峻岭, 薛朝华, 苏秋棉. 优拓敷料用于小儿阴茎术后伤口换药效果观察. 护理学杂志, 2004, 19(20): 35-36.
23.	张旦红, 周云, 严向明. 康复新液在尿道下裂术后伤口护理的效果分析. 护士进修杂志, 2010, 25(17): 1565-1566.
24.	Sanders C, Young A, McAndrew HF, et al. A prospective randomized trial of the effect of a soluble adhesive on the ease of dressing removal following hypospadias repair. J Pediatr Urol, 2007, 3(3): 209-213.
25.	杨惠娟, 唐媛. 临床护理路径在尿道下裂患儿围手术期中的应用研究. 中国实用护理杂志, 2011, 27(35): 5-7.
26.	王明秀, 鲍隆梅, 徐艳芹, 黄玉珠. 纵行带蒂岛状包皮瓣或联合Duplay法行一期尿道成形术治疗尿道下裂患儿的护理. 西部医学, 2013, 25(2), 290-291.
27.	林宁, 邱金花, 吴玉莲, 等.尿道下裂术后3种不同尿液引流方式的临床护理及效果观察. 中华男科学杂志, 2015, 21(2), 153-156.
28.	Abdulatif M, El-Sanabary M. Caudal neostigmine, bupivacaine, and their combination for postoperative pain management after hypospadias surgery in children. Anesth Analg, 2002, 95(5), 1215-1218.
29.	Bhat A. General considerations in hypospadias surgery. Indian J Urol, 2008, 24(2), 188-194.
30.	Garra G, Singer AJ, Taira BR, et al. Validation of the Wong-Baker FACES pain rating scale in pediatric emergency department patients. Acad Emerg Med, 2010, 17(1): 50-54.
31.	刘莹, 刘天婧, 王恩波. 不同年龄段儿童疼痛评估工具的选择. 中国疼痛医学杂志, 2012, 18(12), 752-755.
32.	Nascimento LC, Strabelli BS, Rossato LM, et al. Mothers’ view on late postoperative pain management by the nursing team in children after cardiac surgery. Rev Lat Am Enfermagem, 2010, 18(4): 709-715.
33.	Khin H T, Hegarty M, Russell P, et al. Perception of pediatric pain: a comparison of postoperative pain assessments between child, parent, nurse, and independent observer. Paediatr Anaesth, 2014, 24(11):1127-1131.
34.	Knutsson J, Tibbelin A, Von Unge M. Postoperative pain after paediatric adenoidectomy and differences between the pain scores made by the recovery room staff, the parent and the child. Acta Otolaryngol, 2006, 126(10): 1079-1083.
35.	Manias E. Although parents are generally satisfied with their child’s postoperative care, children continue to experience moderate-to-severe pain postoperatively. Evid Based Nurs, 2014, 17(4): 113.
36.	Kankkunen P, Vehvilainen-Julkunen K, Pietila AM, et al. Parents’ perceptions and use of analgesics at home after children’s day surgery. Paediatr Anaesth, 2003, 13(2): 132-140.
37.	He H G, Vehvilainen-Julkunen K, Polkki T, et al. Chinese parents’ perception of support received and recommendations regarding children’s postoperative pain management. Int J Nurs Pract, 2010, 16(3): 254-261.
38.	李倩, 徐红, 孟玮亿. 缓解婴幼儿术后疼痛的家庭照护质性研究. 护理学杂志, 2012, 27(22): 33-36.
39.	Valizadeh F, Ahmadi F, Zarea K. Neglect of Postoperative Pain Management in Children: A Qualitative Study Based on the Experiences of Parents. J Pediatr Nurs, 2016, 31(4): 439-448.
40.	MacLaren Chorney J, Twycross A, Mifflin K, et al. Can we improve parents’ management of their children’s postoperative pain at home?. Pain Res Manag, 2014, 19(4): e115-123.

1. Leung AK, Robson WL. Hypospadias: an update. Asian J Androl, 2007, 9(1): 16-22.
2. Hennekam RC, Allanson JE, Biesecker LG, et al. Elements of morphology: standard terminology for the external genitalia. Am J Med Genet A, 2013, 161A(6): 1238-1263.
3. Chen MJ, Karaviti LP, Macias CG, et al. State of the art review in hypospadias: challenges in diagnosis and medical management. Pediatr Endocrinol Rev, 2014, 12(1): 46-54.
4. Springer A. Assessment of outcome in hypospadias surgery - a review. Front Pediatr, 2014, 2: 2.
5. Taverner T, Prince J. Nurse screening for neuropathic pain in postoperative patients. Br J Nurs, 2014, 23: 76-80.
6. Chou R, Gordon DB, De Leon-Casasola OA, et al. Management of postoperative pain: a clinical practice guideline from the American pain society, the American society of regional anesthesia and pain medicine, and the American society of anesthesiologists' committee on regional anesthesia, executive committee, and administrative council. J Pain., 2016, 17(2): 131-157.
7. Rosales, A, Fortier, MA, Campos B, et al. Postoperative pain management in Latino families: parent beliefs about analgesics predict analgesic doses provided to children. Paediatr Anaesth, 2016, 26(3): 307-323.
8. Shrestha-Ranjit JM, Manias E. Pain assessment and management practices in children following surgery of the lower limb. J Clin Nurs, 2010, 19(1-2), 118-128.
9. 林成敏, 方艳丽, 刘争. 尿道下裂术后便秘对疼痛影响原因分析及护理对策. 西部医学, 23(10): 2015-2016.
10. 薛峻岭, 薛朝华, 唐薇. 尿道下裂患儿尿道成形术后疼痛的护理. 解放军护理杂志, 2006, 23(6), 59-60.
11. 杨毓敏. 尿道下裂患儿术后疼痛原因及缓解疼痛的护理措施分析. 中外医学研究, 2013, 89(24): 88-89.
12. 彭小梅. 尿道下裂术后疼痛的原因分析及护理对策. 牡丹江医学院学报, 2013(1): 83-84.
13. Macfadyen AJ, Buckmaster MA. Pain management in the pediatric intensive care unit. Crit Care Clin, 1999, 15(1): 185-200.
14. Wu Y, Lai W, Pei J, et al. Hyperglycemia and its association with clinical outcomes in postsurgical neonates and small infants in the intensive care unit. J Pediatr Surg, 2016, 51(7): 1142-1145.
15. Wu Y, Pei J, Yang XD, et al. Hyperglycemia and its association with clinical outcomes for patients in the pediatric intensive care unit after abdominal surgery. J Pediatr Surg, 2013, 48(4): 801-805.
16. Ismail A. The challenges of providing effective pain management for children in the pediatric intensive care unit. Pain Manag Nurs, 2016, 17(6): 372-383.
17. Snodgrass W, Bush N. TIP hypospadias repair: a pediatric urology indicator operation. J Pediatr Urol, 2016, 12(1): 11-18.
18. Kundra, P, Yuvaraj, K, Agrawal, K, et al. Surgical outcome in children undergoing hypospadias repair under caudal epidural vs penile block. Paediatr Anaesth, 2012, 22(7): 707-712.
19. Canning DA. Re: surgical outcome in children undergoing hypospadias repair under caudal epidural vs penile block. J Urol, 2013, 189(5): 1904.
20. Zaidi RH, Casanova NF, Haydar B, et al. Urethrocutaneous fistula following hypospadias repair: regional anesthesia and other factors. Paediatr Anaesth, 2015, 25(11): 1144-1150.
21. 潘怀清. 舒适护理在减少尿道下裂术后并发症中的应用. 护士进修杂志, 2011, 26(4): 375-376.
22. 薛峻岭, 薛朝华, 苏秋棉. 优拓敷料用于小儿阴茎术后伤口换药效果观察. 护理学杂志, 2004, 19(20): 35-36.
23. 张旦红, 周云, 严向明. 康复新液在尿道下裂术后伤口护理的效果分析. 护士进修杂志, 2010, 25(17): 1565-1566.
24. Sanders C, Young A, McAndrew HF, et al. A prospective randomized trial of the effect of a soluble adhesive on the ease of dressing removal following hypospadias repair. J Pediatr Urol, 2007, 3(3): 209-213.
25. 杨惠娟, 唐媛. 临床护理路径在尿道下裂患儿围手术期中的应用研究. 中国实用护理杂志, 2011, 27(35): 5-7.
26. 王明秀, 鲍隆梅, 徐艳芹, 黄玉珠. 纵行带蒂岛状包皮瓣或联合Duplay法行一期尿道成形术治疗尿道下裂患儿的护理. 西部医学, 2013, 25(2), 290-291.
27. 林宁, 邱金花, 吴玉莲, 等.尿道下裂术后3种不同尿液引流方式的临床护理及效果观察. 中华男科学杂志, 2015, 21(2), 153-156.
28. Abdulatif M, El-Sanabary M. Caudal neostigmine, bupivacaine, and their combination for postoperative pain management after hypospadias surgery in children. Anesth Analg, 2002, 95(5), 1215-1218.
29. Bhat A. General considerations in hypospadias surgery. Indian J Urol, 2008, 24(2), 188-194.
30. Garra G, Singer AJ, Taira BR, et al. Validation of the Wong-Baker FACES pain rating scale in pediatric emergency department patients. Acad Emerg Med, 2010, 17(1): 50-54.
31. 刘莹, 刘天婧, 王恩波. 不同年龄段儿童疼痛评估工具的选择. 中国疼痛医学杂志, 2012, 18(12), 752-755.
32. Nascimento LC, Strabelli BS, Rossato LM, et al. Mothers’ view on late postoperative pain management by the nursing team in children after cardiac surgery. Rev Lat Am Enfermagem, 2010, 18(4): 709-715.
33. Khin H T, Hegarty M, Russell P, et al. Perception of pediatric pain: a comparison of postoperative pain assessments between child, parent, nurse, and independent observer. Paediatr Anaesth, 2014, 24(11):1127-1131.
34. Knutsson J, Tibbelin A, Von Unge M. Postoperative pain after paediatric adenoidectomy and differences between the pain scores made by the recovery room staff, the parent and the child. Acta Otolaryngol, 2006, 126(10): 1079-1083.
35. Manias E. Although parents are generally satisfied with their child’s postoperative care, children continue to experience moderate-to-severe pain postoperatively. Evid Based Nurs, 2014, 17(4): 113.
36. Kankkunen P, Vehvilainen-Julkunen K, Pietila AM, et al. Parents’ perceptions and use of analgesics at home after children’s day surgery. Paediatr Anaesth, 2003, 13(2): 132-140.
37. He H G, Vehvilainen-Julkunen K, Polkki T, et al. Chinese parents’ perception of support received and recommendations regarding children’s postoperative pain management. Int J Nurs Pract, 2010, 16(3): 254-261.
38. 李倩, 徐红, 孟玮亿. 缓解婴幼儿术后疼痛的家庭照护质性研究. 护理学杂志, 2012, 27(22): 33-36.
39. Valizadeh F, Ahmadi F, Zarea K. Neglect of Postoperative Pain Management in Children: A Qualitative Study Based on the Experiences of Parents. J Pediatr Nurs, 2016, 31(4): 439-448.
40. MacLaren Chorney J, Twycross A, Mifflin K, et al. Can we improve parents’ management of their children’s postoperative pain at home?. Pain Res Manag, 2014, 19(4): e115-123.

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小儿尿道下裂术后疼痛护理的研究现状

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