- 1. School of Nursing, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, P. R. China;
- 2. Infection Management Department, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221000, P. R. China;
Interventional radiology (IR) has developed rapidly since its introduction into our country. More and more patients choose this minimally invasive procedure for treatment, but the incidence of infectious complications and potential mortality following IR procedures should not be underestimated. As the number and breadth of IR procedures grow, it becomes increasingly evident that interventional radiologists and infection control practitioners must possess a thorough understanding of these potential infectious complications and put more emphasis on the quality of care, so as to control the infections and expenses, and maximize the patient safety. This article reviews infectious complications associated with percutaneous ablation of liver tumors, transarterial embolization of liver tumors, percutaneous transhepatic cholangial drainage, and intravascular stents or grafts. Emphasis is placed on incidence, risk factors, and prevention. With the use of these strategies, IR procedures can be performed with reduced risk of infectious complications.
Citation: LI Yang, MAO Yiping. Infectious complications of common interventional procedures. West China Medical Journal, 2019, 34(3): 328-333. doi: 10.7507/1002-0179.201902023 Copy
1. | Margulis AR. Recent advances in clinical diagnostic radiology. 4. Interventional diagnostic roentgenology. Adv surg, 1971, 5: 88-102. |
2. | 朱海云, 程永德. 介入放射学抑或介入医学. 介入放射学杂志, 2017, 26(7): 577-578. |
3. | 陈春林, 汪建新. 介入医学的现状和发展趋势. 现代医院, 2002, 2(1): 10-14. |
4. | Cheikh A, Belefquih B, Chajai Y, et al. Enterobacteriaceae producing extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) colonization as a risk factor for developing ESBL infections in pediatric cardiac surgery patients: " retrospective cohort study”. BMC Infect Dis, 2017, 17(1): 237-242. |
5. | 张桂荣. 神经内科患者医院感染影响因素的研究. 中国现代医生, 2018, 56(9): 105-107. |
6. | 倪才方, 狄镇海, 程永德. 介入放射科抗菌药物使用指南 (草案). 介入放射学杂志, 2013, 22(5): 353-357. |
7. | Moon E, Tam MD, Kikano RN, et al. Prophylactic antibiotic guidelines in modern interventional radiology practice. Semin Intervent Radiol, 2010, 27(4): 327-337.8. |
8. | Venkatesan AM, Kundu S, Sacks D, et al. Practice guidelines for adult antibiotic prophylaxis during vascular and interventional radiology procedures. Written by the Standards of Practice Committee for the Society of Interventional Radiology and Endorsed by the Cardiovascular Interventional Radiological Society of Europe and Canadian Interventional Radiology Association [corrected]. J Vasc Interv Radiol, 2010, 21(11): 1611-1630, quiz 1631. |
9. | 王芳军. 影像学. 北京: 人民卫生出版社, 2012: 223-251. |
10. | 许茂盛. 医学影像学. 北京: 清华大学出版社, 2012: 326-336. |
11. | 李彦豪, 何晓峰, 陈勇. 实用临床介入诊疗学. 北京: 科学出版社, 2012: 1-133. |
12. | 石明涛, 余宇潇, 赵开飞, 等. PTCD/PTBS 治疗恶性梗阻性黄疸所致并发症及其防治的研究进展. 海南医学, 2018, 29(11): 1564-1567. |
13. | 成丕光, 王建强, 石天亭, 等. 梗阻性黄疸患者经皮肝穿胆道引流术后胆道感染的分析. 中华医院感染学杂志, 2016, 26(12): 2753-2755. |
14. | Liu JG, Wu J, Wang J, et al. Endoscopic biliary drainage versus percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage in patients with resectable hilar cholangiocarcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A, 2018, 28(9): 1053-1060. |
15. | Duan F, Cui L, Bai YH, et al. Comparison of efficacy and complications of endoscopic and percutaneous biliary drainage in malignant obstructive jaundice: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Cancer Imaging, 2017, 17(1): 27-33. |
16. | 李悦悦, 刘毅, 李艳君, 等. 101 例恶性梗阻性黄疸行经皮肝脏穿刺胆道引流术后胆道感染及抗感染治疗分析. 药学实践杂志, 2016, 34(6): 556-559, 573. |
17. | Lucatelli P, Corradini SG, Corona M, et al. Risk factors for Immediate and delayed-onset fever after percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol, 2016, 39(5): 746-755. |
18. | 夏卿, 周新锋, 范晓翔, 等. 梗阻性黄疸患者经皮经肝胆道引流术后胆道感染相关因素研究. 中华医院感染学杂志, 2017, 27(17): 3960-3963. |
19. | Xu C, Huang XE, Wang SX, et al. Comparison of infection between internal-external and external percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage in treating patients with malignant obstructive jaundice. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 2015, 16(6): 2543-2546. |
20. | Kiriyama S, Kozaka K, Takada T, et al. Tokyo guidelines 2018: diagnostic criteria and severity grading of acute cholangitis (with videos). J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Sci, 2018, 25(1): 17-30. |
21. | 中华医学会外科学分会胆道外科学组. 急性胆道系统感染的诊断和治疗指南(2011 版). 中华消化外科杂志, 2011, 10(1): 9-13. |
22. | Ahn S, Lee YS, Lim KS, et al. Malignant biliary obstructions: can we predict immediate postprocedural cholangitis after percutaneous biliary drainage?. Support Care Cancer, 2013, 21(8): 2321-2326. |
23. | 陆霁, 蔡建珊, 孙强, 等. 良恶性梗阻性黄疸患者胆道感染的危险因素分析. 上海医药, 2018, 39(13): 27-30. |
24. | 谢兴武, 唐先志, 吴鹏, 等. 经皮肝穿刺胆道引流术后胆道感染的主要病原菌类型及药敏试验分析. 中华介入放射学电子杂志, 2018, 6(4): 30-34. |
25. | 梁伟潮, 朱应昌, 韩福郎, 等. 胆道感染患者胆汁中病原菌的分布及对药物的敏感性变化分析. 吉林医学, 2018, 39(2): 301-303. |
26. | Gomi H, Solomkin JS, Schlossberg D, et al. Tokyo Guidelines 2018: antimicrobial therapy for acute cholangitis and cholecystitis. J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Sci, 2018, 25(1): 3-16. |
27. | Siriwardana RC, Niriella MA, Dassanayake AS, et al. Factors affecting post-embolization fever and liver failure after trans-arterial chemo-embolization in a cohort without background infective hepatitis-a prospective analysis. BMC Gastroenterol, 2015, 15: 96-101. |
28. | 姜敏霞, 陈旭高, 姚红响. 肝癌肝动脉化疗栓塞术后发生感染影响因素分析. 介入放射学杂志, 2018, 27(2): 133-136. |
29. | Shin JU, Kim KM, Shin SW, et al. A prediction model for liver abscess developing after transarterial chemoembolization in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Digest Liver Dis, 2014, 46(9): 813-817. |
30. | Lv WF, Lu D, He YS, et al. Liver abscess formation following transarterial chemoembolization clinical features, risk factors, bacteria spectrum, and percutaneous catheter drainage. Medicine, 2016, 95(17): e3503. |
31. | Facciorusso A, Mariani L, Sposito C, et al. Drug-eluting beads versus conventional chemoembolization for the treatment of unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma. J Gastroenterol Hepatol, 2016, 31(3): 645-653. |
32. | 周颜, 陈卫, 王小林, 等. 转移性肝肿瘤 TACE 治疗后肝脓肿形成的临床特征及治疗分析. 介入放射学杂志, 2018(1): 24-28. |
33. | Rahimian J, Wilson T, Oram V, et al. Pyogenic liver abscess: recent trends in etiology and mortality. Clin Infect Dis, 2004, 39(11): 1654-1659. |
34. | Woo S, Chung JW, Hur S, et al. Liver abscess after transarterial chemoembolization in patients with bilioenteric anastomosis: frequency and risk factors. AJR Am J Roentgenol, 2013, 200(6): 1370-1377. |
35. | Song SY, Chung JW, Han JK, et al. Liver abscess after transcatheter oily chemoembolization for hepatic tumors: incidence, predispoding factors, and clinical outcome. J Vasc Interv Radiol, 2001, 12(3): 313-320. |
36. | 王燕玲, 何丽, 王燕燕, 等. 晚期肝癌患者 TACE 术后医院感染病原菌与影响因素分析. 中华医院感染学杂志, 2019, 29(4): 578-581. |
37. | 方欣, 黄昌拼, 解旭品, 等. 应用抗菌药物预防血管介入治疗患者感染的临床研究. 中华医院感染学杂志, 2014, 24(21): 5280-5281. |
38. | Shelgikar CS, Loehle J, Scoggins CR, et al. Empiric antibioticsfor transarterial embolization in hepatocellular carcinoma: indicated?. J Surg Res, 2009, 151(1): 121-124. |
39. | Brown DB, Cardella JF, Sacks D, et al. Quality improvementguidelines for transhepatic arterialchemoembolization, embolization, and chemotherapeutic infusion for hepatic malignancy. J Vasc Interv Radiol, 2009, 20(7 Suppl): s219-s226. |
40. | 李光骁, 陈晓明. 射频消融与微波消融治疗肺肿瘤的对比研究. 临床放射学杂志, 2017, 36(5): 724-727. |
41. | Botsa EI, Thanou IL, Papatheodoropoulou AT, et al. Thermal ablation in the management of adrenal metastasis originating from non-small cell lung cancer: a 5-year single-center experience. Chin Med J, 2017, 130(17): 2027-2032. |
42. | Healey TT, March BT, Baird G, et al. Microwave ablation for lung neoplasms: a retrospective analysis of long-term results. J Vasc Interv Radiol, 2017, 28(2): 206-211. |
43. | Wah TM, Arellano RS, Gervais DA, et al. Image-guide percutaneous radiofrequency ablation syndrome: prospective survey. Radiology, 2005, 237(3): 1097-1102. |
44. | Park JG, Park SY, Tak WY, et al. Early complications after percutaneous radiofrequency ablation for hepatocellular carcinoma: an analysis of 1,843 ablations in 1,211 patients in a single centre: experience over 10 years. Clin Radiol, 2017, 72(8): 692.e9-692.e15. |
45. | Alexandre, Zanchenko, Fonseca, et al. Complications of radiofrequency ablation of hepatic tumors: frequency and risk factors. World J Hepatol, 2014, 6(3): 107-113. |
46. | 吴逢清, 汪秀云. 肝脏肿瘤患者射频消融术治疗后肝内感染的发生及其影响因素研究. 河北医学, 2018, 24(4): 588-591. |
47. | Francica G, Meloni MF, Riccardi L, et al. Ablation treatment of primary and secondary liver tumors under contrast-enhanced ultrasound guidance in field practice of interventional ultrasound centers. A multicenter study. Eur J Radiol, 2018, 105: 96-101. |
48. | 李因茵, 于燕波, 刘泽, 等. 328 例原发性肝癌单点及多点微波消融术后并发症的观察与分析. 中华保健医学杂志, 2018, 20(6): 464-466. |
49. | Zheng AM, Wang XW, Yang X, et al. Major complications after lung microwave ablation: a single-center experience on 204 sessions. Ann Thorac Surg, 2014, 98(1): 243-248. |
50. | Kashima M, Yamakado K, Takaki HA, et al. Complications after 1000 lung radiofrequency ablation sessions in 420 patients: a single center’s experiences. AJR Am J Roentgenol, 2011, 197(4): W576-W580. |
51. | Mu L, Pan T, Lyu N, et al. CT-guided percutaneous radiofrequency ablation for lung neoplasms adjacent to the pericardium. Lung Cancer, 2018, 122: 25-31. |
52. | Yang X, Ye X, Lin ZY, et al. Computed tomography-guided percutaneous microwave ablation for treatment of peripheral ground-glass opacity-lung adenocarcinoma: a pilot study. J Cancer Res Ther, 2018, 14(4): 764-771. |
53. | Cadeddu JA, Jeffrey A. Re: percutaneous ablation of renal masses measuring 3.0 cm and smaller: comparative local control and complications after radiofrequency ablation and cryoablation. J Urol, 2013, 190(1): 63. |
54. | Schmit GD, Schenck LA, Thompson R, et al. Predicting renal cryoablation complications: new risk score based on tumor size and location and patient history. Radiology, 2014, 272(3): 903-910. |
55. | Crawford D, van Sonnenberg E. Infectious outcomes from renal tumor ablation: prophylactic antibiotics or not?. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol, 2018, 41(10): 1573-1578. |
56. | 郭芳, 李佳, 陈磊, 等. 超声引导下经皮肾脏肿瘤射频消融术的早期经验. 肿瘤影像学, 2018, 27(4): 279-284. |
57. | 穆梦娟, 于杰, 梁萍, 等. 超声引导经皮微波消融治疗小肾癌的长期疗效观察. 南方医科大学学报, 2016, 36(5): 622-627. |
58. | 韩玥. 经皮肝癌热消融治疗的并发症及防治. 实用医学杂志, 2013, 29(21): 3451-3453. |
59. | Tajiri K, Baba H, Kawai K, et al. Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio predicts recurrence after radiofrequency ablation in hepatitis B virus infection. Gastroenterol Hepatol, 2016, 31(7): 1291-1299. |
60. | 侯继野, 姜杨, 董延龙, 等. 肝脏肿瘤患者射频消融术后感染相关并发症及其临床分析. 中华医院感染学杂志, 2016, 26(22): 5163-5165. |
61. | Huang SY, Philip A, Richter MD, et al. Prevention and management of infectious complications of percutaneous interventions. Semin Intervent Radiol, 2015, 32(2): 78-88. |
62. | Lejay A, Koncar I, Diener H, et al. Post-operative Infection of prosthetic materials or stents involving the supra-aortic trunks: a comprehensive review. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg, 2018, 56(6): 885-900. |
63. | Lai CH, Lin YK, Lee WL, et al. Coronary stent infection presented as recurrent stent thrombosis. Yonsei Med J, 2017, 58(2): 458-461. |
64. | Hammami R, Avran A, Abid L, et al. Acute pericarditis and stent infection. Médecine et Maladies Infectieuses, 2016(46): 396-401. |
65. | 李晶晶, 武欣迎, 徐隽, 等. 预防使用抗菌药物对冠状动脉支架置入术后感染的影响. 医药导报, 2015, 34(9): 1227-1230. |
66. | 谢年谨, 罗淞元, 薛凌, 等. 预防性抗生素在导管室进行完全经皮穿刺主动脉覆膜支架植入术的应用. 南方医科大学学报, 2015, 35(4): 578-582. |
67. | Fatima J, Duncan AA, de Grandis E, et al. Treatment strategies and outcomes in patients with infected aortic endografts. J Vasc Surg, 2013, 58(2): 371-379. |
- 1. Margulis AR. Recent advances in clinical diagnostic radiology. 4. Interventional diagnostic roentgenology. Adv surg, 1971, 5: 88-102.
- 2. 朱海云, 程永德. 介入放射学抑或介入医学. 介入放射学杂志, 2017, 26(7): 577-578.
- 3. 陈春林, 汪建新. 介入医学的现状和发展趋势. 现代医院, 2002, 2(1): 10-14.
- 4. Cheikh A, Belefquih B, Chajai Y, et al. Enterobacteriaceae producing extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) colonization as a risk factor for developing ESBL infections in pediatric cardiac surgery patients: " retrospective cohort study”. BMC Infect Dis, 2017, 17(1): 237-242.
- 5. 张桂荣. 神经内科患者医院感染影响因素的研究. 中国现代医生, 2018, 56(9): 105-107.
- 6. 倪才方, 狄镇海, 程永德. 介入放射科抗菌药物使用指南 (草案). 介入放射学杂志, 2013, 22(5): 353-357.
- 7. Moon E, Tam MD, Kikano RN, et al. Prophylactic antibiotic guidelines in modern interventional radiology practice. Semin Intervent Radiol, 2010, 27(4): 327-337.8.
- 8. Venkatesan AM, Kundu S, Sacks D, et al. Practice guidelines for adult antibiotic prophylaxis during vascular and interventional radiology procedures. Written by the Standards of Practice Committee for the Society of Interventional Radiology and Endorsed by the Cardiovascular Interventional Radiological Society of Europe and Canadian Interventional Radiology Association [corrected]. J Vasc Interv Radiol, 2010, 21(11): 1611-1630, quiz 1631.
- 9. 王芳军. 影像学. 北京: 人民卫生出版社, 2012: 223-251.
- 10. 许茂盛. 医学影像学. 北京: 清华大学出版社, 2012: 326-336.
- 11. 李彦豪, 何晓峰, 陈勇. 实用临床介入诊疗学. 北京: 科学出版社, 2012: 1-133.
- 12. 石明涛, 余宇潇, 赵开飞, 等. PTCD/PTBS 治疗恶性梗阻性黄疸所致并发症及其防治的研究进展. 海南医学, 2018, 29(11): 1564-1567.
- 13. 成丕光, 王建强, 石天亭, 等. 梗阻性黄疸患者经皮肝穿胆道引流术后胆道感染的分析. 中华医院感染学杂志, 2016, 26(12): 2753-2755.
- 14. Liu JG, Wu J, Wang J, et al. Endoscopic biliary drainage versus percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage in patients with resectable hilar cholangiocarcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A, 2018, 28(9): 1053-1060.
- 15. Duan F, Cui L, Bai YH, et al. Comparison of efficacy and complications of endoscopic and percutaneous biliary drainage in malignant obstructive jaundice: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Cancer Imaging, 2017, 17(1): 27-33.
- 16. 李悦悦, 刘毅, 李艳君, 等. 101 例恶性梗阻性黄疸行经皮肝脏穿刺胆道引流术后胆道感染及抗感染治疗分析. 药学实践杂志, 2016, 34(6): 556-559, 573.
- 17. Lucatelli P, Corradini SG, Corona M, et al. Risk factors for Immediate and delayed-onset fever after percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol, 2016, 39(5): 746-755.
- 18. 夏卿, 周新锋, 范晓翔, 等. 梗阻性黄疸患者经皮经肝胆道引流术后胆道感染相关因素研究. 中华医院感染学杂志, 2017, 27(17): 3960-3963.
- 19. Xu C, Huang XE, Wang SX, et al. Comparison of infection between internal-external and external percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage in treating patients with malignant obstructive jaundice. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 2015, 16(6): 2543-2546.
- 20. Kiriyama S, Kozaka K, Takada T, et al. Tokyo guidelines 2018: diagnostic criteria and severity grading of acute cholangitis (with videos). J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Sci, 2018, 25(1): 17-30.
- 21. 中华医学会外科学分会胆道外科学组. 急性胆道系统感染的诊断和治疗指南(2011 版). 中华消化外科杂志, 2011, 10(1): 9-13.
- 22. Ahn S, Lee YS, Lim KS, et al. Malignant biliary obstructions: can we predict immediate postprocedural cholangitis after percutaneous biliary drainage?. Support Care Cancer, 2013, 21(8): 2321-2326.
- 23. 陆霁, 蔡建珊, 孙强, 等. 良恶性梗阻性黄疸患者胆道感染的危险因素分析. 上海医药, 2018, 39(13): 27-30.
- 24. 谢兴武, 唐先志, 吴鹏, 等. 经皮肝穿刺胆道引流术后胆道感染的主要病原菌类型及药敏试验分析. 中华介入放射学电子杂志, 2018, 6(4): 30-34.
- 25. 梁伟潮, 朱应昌, 韩福郎, 等. 胆道感染患者胆汁中病原菌的分布及对药物的敏感性变化分析. 吉林医学, 2018, 39(2): 301-303.
- 26. Gomi H, Solomkin JS, Schlossberg D, et al. Tokyo Guidelines 2018: antimicrobial therapy for acute cholangitis and cholecystitis. J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Sci, 2018, 25(1): 3-16.
- 27. Siriwardana RC, Niriella MA, Dassanayake AS, et al. Factors affecting post-embolization fever and liver failure after trans-arterial chemo-embolization in a cohort without background infective hepatitis-a prospective analysis. BMC Gastroenterol, 2015, 15: 96-101.
- 28. 姜敏霞, 陈旭高, 姚红响. 肝癌肝动脉化疗栓塞术后发生感染影响因素分析. 介入放射学杂志, 2018, 27(2): 133-136.
- 29. Shin JU, Kim KM, Shin SW, et al. A prediction model for liver abscess developing after transarterial chemoembolization in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Digest Liver Dis, 2014, 46(9): 813-817.
- 30. Lv WF, Lu D, He YS, et al. Liver abscess formation following transarterial chemoembolization clinical features, risk factors, bacteria spectrum, and percutaneous catheter drainage. Medicine, 2016, 95(17): e3503.
- 31. Facciorusso A, Mariani L, Sposito C, et al. Drug-eluting beads versus conventional chemoembolization for the treatment of unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma. J Gastroenterol Hepatol, 2016, 31(3): 645-653.
- 32. 周颜, 陈卫, 王小林, 等. 转移性肝肿瘤 TACE 治疗后肝脓肿形成的临床特征及治疗分析. 介入放射学杂志, 2018(1): 24-28.
- 33. Rahimian J, Wilson T, Oram V, et al. Pyogenic liver abscess: recent trends in etiology and mortality. Clin Infect Dis, 2004, 39(11): 1654-1659.
- 34. Woo S, Chung JW, Hur S, et al. Liver abscess after transarterial chemoembolization in patients with bilioenteric anastomosis: frequency and risk factors. AJR Am J Roentgenol, 2013, 200(6): 1370-1377.
- 35. Song SY, Chung JW, Han JK, et al. Liver abscess after transcatheter oily chemoembolization for hepatic tumors: incidence, predispoding factors, and clinical outcome. J Vasc Interv Radiol, 2001, 12(3): 313-320.
- 36. 王燕玲, 何丽, 王燕燕, 等. 晚期肝癌患者 TACE 术后医院感染病原菌与影响因素分析. 中华医院感染学杂志, 2019, 29(4): 578-581.
- 37. 方欣, 黄昌拼, 解旭品, 等. 应用抗菌药物预防血管介入治疗患者感染的临床研究. 中华医院感染学杂志, 2014, 24(21): 5280-5281.
- 38. Shelgikar CS, Loehle J, Scoggins CR, et al. Empiric antibioticsfor transarterial embolization in hepatocellular carcinoma: indicated?. J Surg Res, 2009, 151(1): 121-124.
- 39. Brown DB, Cardella JF, Sacks D, et al. Quality improvementguidelines for transhepatic arterialchemoembolization, embolization, and chemotherapeutic infusion for hepatic malignancy. J Vasc Interv Radiol, 2009, 20(7 Suppl): s219-s226.
- 40. 李光骁, 陈晓明. 射频消融与微波消融治疗肺肿瘤的对比研究. 临床放射学杂志, 2017, 36(5): 724-727.
- 41. Botsa EI, Thanou IL, Papatheodoropoulou AT, et al. Thermal ablation in the management of adrenal metastasis originating from non-small cell lung cancer: a 5-year single-center experience. Chin Med J, 2017, 130(17): 2027-2032.
- 42. Healey TT, March BT, Baird G, et al. Microwave ablation for lung neoplasms: a retrospective analysis of long-term results. J Vasc Interv Radiol, 2017, 28(2): 206-211.
- 43. Wah TM, Arellano RS, Gervais DA, et al. Image-guide percutaneous radiofrequency ablation syndrome: prospective survey. Radiology, 2005, 237(3): 1097-1102.
- 44. Park JG, Park SY, Tak WY, et al. Early complications after percutaneous radiofrequency ablation for hepatocellular carcinoma: an analysis of 1,843 ablations in 1,211 patients in a single centre: experience over 10 years. Clin Radiol, 2017, 72(8): 692.e9-692.e15.
- 45. Alexandre, Zanchenko, Fonseca, et al. Complications of radiofrequency ablation of hepatic tumors: frequency and risk factors. World J Hepatol, 2014, 6(3): 107-113.
- 46. 吴逢清, 汪秀云. 肝脏肿瘤患者射频消融术治疗后肝内感染的发生及其影响因素研究. 河北医学, 2018, 24(4): 588-591.
- 47. Francica G, Meloni MF, Riccardi L, et al. Ablation treatment of primary and secondary liver tumors under contrast-enhanced ultrasound guidance in field practice of interventional ultrasound centers. A multicenter study. Eur J Radiol, 2018, 105: 96-101.
- 48. 李因茵, 于燕波, 刘泽, 等. 328 例原发性肝癌单点及多点微波消融术后并发症的观察与分析. 中华保健医学杂志, 2018, 20(6): 464-466.
- 49. Zheng AM, Wang XW, Yang X, et al. Major complications after lung microwave ablation: a single-center experience on 204 sessions. Ann Thorac Surg, 2014, 98(1): 243-248.
- 50. Kashima M, Yamakado K, Takaki HA, et al. Complications after 1000 lung radiofrequency ablation sessions in 420 patients: a single center’s experiences. AJR Am J Roentgenol, 2011, 197(4): W576-W580.
- 51. Mu L, Pan T, Lyu N, et al. CT-guided percutaneous radiofrequency ablation for lung neoplasms adjacent to the pericardium. Lung Cancer, 2018, 122: 25-31.
- 52. Yang X, Ye X, Lin ZY, et al. Computed tomography-guided percutaneous microwave ablation for treatment of peripheral ground-glass opacity-lung adenocarcinoma: a pilot study. J Cancer Res Ther, 2018, 14(4): 764-771.
- 53. Cadeddu JA, Jeffrey A. Re: percutaneous ablation of renal masses measuring 3.0 cm and smaller: comparative local control and complications after radiofrequency ablation and cryoablation. J Urol, 2013, 190(1): 63.
- 54. Schmit GD, Schenck LA, Thompson R, et al. Predicting renal cryoablation complications: new risk score based on tumor size and location and patient history. Radiology, 2014, 272(3): 903-910.
- 55. Crawford D, van Sonnenberg E. Infectious outcomes from renal tumor ablation: prophylactic antibiotics or not?. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol, 2018, 41(10): 1573-1578.
- 56. 郭芳, 李佳, 陈磊, 等. 超声引导下经皮肾脏肿瘤射频消融术的早期经验. 肿瘤影像学, 2018, 27(4): 279-284.
- 57. 穆梦娟, 于杰, 梁萍, 等. 超声引导经皮微波消融治疗小肾癌的长期疗效观察. 南方医科大学学报, 2016, 36(5): 622-627.
- 58. 韩玥. 经皮肝癌热消融治疗的并发症及防治. 实用医学杂志, 2013, 29(21): 3451-3453.
- 59. Tajiri K, Baba H, Kawai K, et al. Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio predicts recurrence after radiofrequency ablation in hepatitis B virus infection. Gastroenterol Hepatol, 2016, 31(7): 1291-1299.
- 60. 侯继野, 姜杨, 董延龙, 等. 肝脏肿瘤患者射频消融术后感染相关并发症及其临床分析. 中华医院感染学杂志, 2016, 26(22): 5163-5165.
- 61. Huang SY, Philip A, Richter MD, et al. Prevention and management of infectious complications of percutaneous interventions. Semin Intervent Radiol, 2015, 32(2): 78-88.
- 62. Lejay A, Koncar I, Diener H, et al. Post-operative Infection of prosthetic materials or stents involving the supra-aortic trunks: a comprehensive review. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg, 2018, 56(6): 885-900.
- 63. Lai CH, Lin YK, Lee WL, et al. Coronary stent infection presented as recurrent stent thrombosis. Yonsei Med J, 2017, 58(2): 458-461.
- 64. Hammami R, Avran A, Abid L, et al. Acute pericarditis and stent infection. Médecine et Maladies Infectieuses, 2016(46): 396-401.
- 65. 李晶晶, 武欣迎, 徐隽, 等. 预防使用抗菌药物对冠状动脉支架置入术后感染的影响. 医药导报, 2015, 34(9): 1227-1230.
- 66. 谢年谨, 罗淞元, 薛凌, 等. 预防性抗生素在导管室进行完全经皮穿刺主动脉覆膜支架植入术的应用. 南方医科大学学报, 2015, 35(4): 578-582.
- 67. Fatima J, Duncan AA, de Grandis E, et al. Treatment strategies and outcomes in patients with infected aortic endografts. J Vasc Surg, 2013, 58(2): 371-379.