Non-surgical treatment of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis_West China Medical Journal

Authors：

MA Siming ¹ ,  WANG Liancheng ²

1. Graduate School, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, P. R. China;
2. Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin 300202, P. R. China;

Corresponding author：

WANG Liancheng, Email: cmoweb@126.com

Keywords：

Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis; Non-surgical treatment; Rehabilitation

DOI：

10.7507/1002-0179.201912234

Video：

Export PDF Favorites Scan Get Citation

Abstract Full text Figures/Tables Video References Cited by

Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis refers to a three-dimensional spinal deformity or structural change that occurs in adolescence. The rotation of the vertebral body is greater than or equal to 10°. In order to avoid affecting the physical and mental health of patients, appropriate intervention and treatment of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis should be carried out as soon as possible. Based on the summary of non-surgical treatment of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis at home and abroad, this paper systematically introduces the mainstream early non-surgical treatment of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis, including observation and follow-up, electrical stimulation therapy, Chinese traditional chiropractic techniques, massage and manual reduction, functional training and exercise therapy, traction therapy and brace therapy, in order to provide a reference for the possible treatment research direction of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis in the future.

Citation： MA Siming, WANG Liancheng. Non-surgical treatment of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. West China Medical Journal, 2020, 35(10): 1252-1256. doi: 10.7507/1002-0179.201912234 Copy

1.	Kostuik JP. The history of spinal deformity. Spine Deform, 2015, 3(5): 417-425.
2.	Zheng Y, Dang Y, Wu X, et al. Epidemiological study of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis in Eastern China. J Rehabil Med, 2017, 49(6): 512-519.
3.	王刚, 董宝强, 黄河清, 等. 青少年特发性脊柱侧凸的发病机制浅析. 现代中西医结合杂志, 2016, 25(31): 3532-3534.
4.	Grauers A, Einarsdottir E, Gerdhem P. Genetics and pathogenesis of idiopathic scoliosis. Scoliosis Spinal Disord, 2016, 11: 45.
5.	Yagi M, Machida M, Asazuma T. Pathogenesis of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. JBJS Rev, 2014, 2(1): 01874474-201401000-00004.
6.	杨依林, 赵检, 邵杰, 等. 前庭反射异常与青少年特发性脊柱侧弯关系的研究进展. 海南医学院学报, 2017, 23(1): 142-144.
7.	Negrini S, Donzelli S, Aulisa AG, et al. 2016 SOSORT guidelines: orthopaedic and rehabilitation treatment of idiopathic scoliosis during growth. Scoliosis Spinal Disord, 2018, 13: 3.
8.	Anwer S, Alghadir A, Abu Shaphe M, et al. Effects of exercise on spinal deformities and quality of life in patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Biomed Res Int, 2015, 2015: 123848.
9.	Wang J, Zhang J, Xu R, et al. Measurement of scoliosis Cobb angle by end vertebra tilt angle method. J Orthop Surg Res, 2018, 13(1): 223.
10.	Lenke LG, Betz RR, Harms J, et al. Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: a new classification to determine extent of spinal arthrodesis. J Bone Joint Surg Am, 2001, 83(8): 1169-1181.
11.	Hoashi JS, Cahill PJ, Bennett JT, et al. Adolescent scoliosis classification and treatment. Neurosurg Clin N Am, 2013, 24(2): 173-183.
12.	Gomez JA, Hresko MT, Glotzbecker MP. Nonsurgical management of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. J Am Acad Orthop Surg, 2016, 24(8): 555-64.
13.	Bunnell WP. An objective criterion for scoliosis screening. J Bone Joint Surg Am, 1984, 66(9): 1381-1387.
14.	任玉红, 乙广贤, 扈盛. 青少年特发性脊柱侧弯筛查方法的比较. 湖北体育科技, 2018, 37(10): 893-895, 936.
15.	Jiang J, Meng Y, Jin X, et al. Volumetric and fatty infiltration imbalance of deep paravertebral muscles in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Med Sci Monit, 2017, 23: 2089-2095.
16.	Kim DH, Yoo WG. Effects of manual therapy with functional electrical stimulation on scoliosis curve in children with cerebral palsy. J Phys Ther Sci, 2018, 30(8): 1124-1125.
17.	景小棠. 轻度脊柱侧弯的电刺激矫正. 中国康复, 1988(4): 180-183.
18.	李连泰, 张树峰, 佟继铭. 非手术方法治疗青少年特发性脊柱侧弯的国内研究进展. 中国妇幼健康研究, 2016, 27(S2): 531-532.
19.	叶启彬. 脊柱侧弯的预防及治疗. 北京: 北京医科大学/中国协和医科大学联合出版社, 1993: 32-36.
20.	Machacek F, Neugebauer H, Kabas B. Treatment of scoliosis with lateral electric surface stimulation. Z Orthop Ihre Grenzgeb, 1987, 125(2): 125-128.
21.	魏新春, 周云, 吴建贤, 等. 多通道功能性电刺激在临床康复中的应用及研究进展. 中国康复, 2019, 34(6): 333-336.
22.	罗义玲, 覃遵涛. 正脊术治疗青少年特发性脊柱侧弯的临床疗效. 中国医药导刊, 2016, 18(8): 770-771.
23.	陈涛, 王遵来, 张盼, 等. 三小定点整脊术治疗青少年特发性脊柱侧弯. 吉林中医药, 2018, 38(6): 717-719.
24.	罗雪梅, 黄任秀, 胡怡佳, 等. 青少年特发性脊柱侧凸的三维推拿治疗. 按摩与康复医学, 2018, 9(13): 32-33.
25.	陈玉华, 卢松. 青少年特发性脊柱侧弯的推拿研究进展. 湖北理工学院学报, 2018, 34(4): 56-59.
26.	Lotan S, Kalichman L. Manual therapy treatment for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. J Bodyw Mov Ther, 2019, 23(1): 189-193.
27.	Czaprowski D. Manual therapy in the treatment of idiopathic scoliosis. Analysis of current knowledge. Ortop Traumatol Rehabil, 2016, 18(5): 409-424.
28.	Zapata KA, Sucato DJ, Jo CH. Physical therapy scoliosis-specific exercises may reduce curve progression in mild adolescent idiopathic scoliosis curves. Pediatr Phys Ther, 2019, 31(3): 280-285.
29.	袁望舒, 沈建雄, 陈丽霞, 等. 脊柱侧凸特定性训练对轻度青少年特发性脊柱侧凸的治疗价值. 协和医学杂志, 2020, 11(1): 40-44.
30.	Gao C, Zheng Y, Fan C, et al. Could the clinical effectiveness be improved under the integration of orthotic intervention and scoliosis-specific exercise in managing adolescent idiopathic scoliosis?: a randomized controlled trial study. Am J Phys Med Rehabil, 2019, 98(8): 642-648.
31.	傅涛, 厉彦虎. 功能性康复训练改善青少年特发性脊柱侧弯的研究. 中国组织工程研究, 2017, 21(28): 4462-4468.
32.	Sarkisova N, Andras LM, Yang J, et al. Side plank pose exercises for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis patients. Glob Adv Health Med, 2019, 8: 2164956119887720.
33.	田飞, 丁桃, 闫博, 等. 运动疗法治疗青少年特发性脊柱侧弯研究进展. 中国康复, 2017, 32(5): 425-427.
34.	徐贝宇, 孙浩林, 李淳德. 头盆环牵引在重度脊柱畸形矫形治疗中的应用. 中华骨与关节外科杂志, 2019, 12(11): 910-914, 928.
35.	王增平, 薛文, 王中华, 等. Halo-头盆环牵引联合Ⅱ期矫形治疗重度僵硬性脊柱侧弯. 中国骨伤, 2020, 33(2): 106-110.
36.	Koptan W, ElMiligui Y. Three-staged correction of severe rigid idiopathic scoliosis using limited halo-gravity traction. Eur Spine J, 2012, 21(6): 1091-1098.
37.	隋文渊, 刘瀚忠, 张伟, 等. Halo 重力牵引对伴呼吸功能障碍的重度僵硬性脊柱畸形青少年患者肺功能的影响. 中华骨与关节外科杂志, 2019, 12(1): 30-34.
38.	Iyer S, Duah HO, Wulff I, et al. The use of halo gravity traction in the treatment of severe early onset spinal deformity. Spine (Phila Pa 1976), 2019, 44(14): E841-E845.
39.	Lou EH, Hill DL, Raso JV, et al. How quantity and quality of brace wear affect the brace treatment outcomes for AIS. Eur Spine J, 2016, 25(2): 495-499.
40.	Zaina F, Negrini S, Atanasio S, et al. Specific exercises performed in the period of brace weaning can avoid loss of correction in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) patients: winner of SOSORT’s 2008 award for best clinical paper. Scoliosis, 2009, 4: 8.
41.	Karol LA, Virostek D, Felton K, et al. Effect of compliance counseling on brace use and success in patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. J Bone Joint Surg Am, 2016, 98(1): 9-14.
42.	Thompson RM, Hubbard EW, Jo CH, et al. Brace success is related to curve type in patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. J Bone Joint Surg Am, 2017, 99(11): 923-928.
43.	Lou E, Hill D, Parent E, et al. Prediction of curve progression for AIS patients treated with a TLSO brace. Scoliosis, 2009, 4(Suppl 2): 1.
44.	Wong MS, Cheng JC, Lam TP, et al. The effect of rigid versus flexible spinal orthosis on the clinical efficacy and acceptance of the patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Spine (Phila Pa 1976), 2008, 33(12): 1360-1365.
45.	Kalichman L, Kendelker L, Bezalel T. Bracing and exercise-based treatment for idiopathic scoliosis. J Bodyw Mov Ther, 2016, 20(1): 56-64.
46.	杜青, 周璇, 励建安, 等. 青少年特发性脊柱侧凸改良色努支具应用研究. 中国矫形外科杂志, 2014, 22(9): 779-782.
47.	Théroux J, Stomski N, Innes S, et al. Revisiting the psychometric properties of the Scoliosis Research Society-22 (SRS-22) French version. Scoliosis Spinal Disord, 2017, 12: 21.
48.	Pu Chu EC, Kai Huang KH. Bridging the gap between observation and brace treatment for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. J Family Med Prim Care, 2017, 6(2): 447-449.
49.	Misterska E, Głowacki J, Okręt A, et al. Back and neck pain and function in females with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: a follow-up at least 23 years after conservative treatment with a Milwaukee brace. PLoS One, 2017, 12(12): e0189358.
50.	Pasquini G, Cecchi F, Bini C, et al. The outcome of a modified version of the Cheneau brace in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) based on SRS and SOSORT criteria: a retrospective study. Eur J Phys Rehabil Med, 2016, 52(5): 618-629.

1. Kostuik JP. The history of spinal deformity. Spine Deform, 2015, 3(5): 417-425.
2. Zheng Y, Dang Y, Wu X, et al. Epidemiological study of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis in Eastern China. J Rehabil Med, 2017, 49(6): 512-519.
3. 王刚, 董宝强, 黄河清, 等. 青少年特发性脊柱侧凸的发病机制浅析. 现代中西医结合杂志, 2016, 25(31): 3532-3534.
4. Grauers A, Einarsdottir E, Gerdhem P. Genetics and pathogenesis of idiopathic scoliosis. Scoliosis Spinal Disord, 2016, 11: 45.
5. Yagi M, Machida M, Asazuma T. Pathogenesis of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. JBJS Rev, 2014, 2(1): 01874474-201401000-00004.
6. 杨依林, 赵检, 邵杰, 等. 前庭反射异常与青少年特发性脊柱侧弯关系的研究进展. 海南医学院学报, 2017, 23(1): 142-144.
7. Negrini S, Donzelli S, Aulisa AG, et al. 2016 SOSORT guidelines: orthopaedic and rehabilitation treatment of idiopathic scoliosis during growth. Scoliosis Spinal Disord, 2018, 13: 3.
8. Anwer S, Alghadir A, Abu Shaphe M, et al. Effects of exercise on spinal deformities and quality of life in patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Biomed Res Int, 2015, 2015: 123848.
9. Wang J, Zhang J, Xu R, et al. Measurement of scoliosis Cobb angle by end vertebra tilt angle method. J Orthop Surg Res, 2018, 13(1): 223.
10. Lenke LG, Betz RR, Harms J, et al. Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: a new classification to determine extent of spinal arthrodesis. J Bone Joint Surg Am, 2001, 83(8): 1169-1181.
11. Hoashi JS, Cahill PJ, Bennett JT, et al. Adolescent scoliosis classification and treatment. Neurosurg Clin N Am, 2013, 24(2): 173-183.
12. Gomez JA, Hresko MT, Glotzbecker MP. Nonsurgical management of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. J Am Acad Orthop Surg, 2016, 24(8): 555-64.
13. Bunnell WP. An objective criterion for scoliosis screening. J Bone Joint Surg Am, 1984, 66(9): 1381-1387.
14. 任玉红, 乙广贤, 扈盛. 青少年特发性脊柱侧弯筛查方法的比较. 湖北体育科技, 2018, 37(10): 893-895, 936.
15. Jiang J, Meng Y, Jin X, et al. Volumetric and fatty infiltration imbalance of deep paravertebral muscles in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Med Sci Monit, 2017, 23: 2089-2095.
16. Kim DH, Yoo WG. Effects of manual therapy with functional electrical stimulation on scoliosis curve in children with cerebral palsy. J Phys Ther Sci, 2018, 30(8): 1124-1125.
17. 景小棠. 轻度脊柱侧弯的电刺激矫正. 中国康复, 1988(4): 180-183.
18. 李连泰, 张树峰, 佟继铭. 非手术方法治疗青少年特发性脊柱侧弯的国内研究进展. 中国妇幼健康研究, 2016, 27(S2): 531-532.
19. 叶启彬. 脊柱侧弯的预防及治疗. 北京: 北京医科大学/中国协和医科大学联合出版社, 1993: 32-36.
20. Machacek F, Neugebauer H, Kabas B. Treatment of scoliosis with lateral electric surface stimulation. Z Orthop Ihre Grenzgeb, 1987, 125(2): 125-128.
21. 魏新春, 周云, 吴建贤, 等. 多通道功能性电刺激在临床康复中的应用及研究进展. 中国康复, 2019, 34(6): 333-336.
22. 罗义玲, 覃遵涛. 正脊术治疗青少年特发性脊柱侧弯的临床疗效. 中国医药导刊, 2016, 18(8): 770-771.
23. 陈涛, 王遵来, 张盼, 等. 三小定点整脊术治疗青少年特发性脊柱侧弯. 吉林中医药, 2018, 38(6): 717-719.
24. 罗雪梅, 黄任秀, 胡怡佳, 等. 青少年特发性脊柱侧凸的三维推拿治疗. 按摩与康复医学, 2018, 9(13): 32-33.
25. 陈玉华, 卢松. 青少年特发性脊柱侧弯的推拿研究进展. 湖北理工学院学报, 2018, 34(4): 56-59.
26. Lotan S, Kalichman L. Manual therapy treatment for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. J Bodyw Mov Ther, 2019, 23(1): 189-193.
27. Czaprowski D. Manual therapy in the treatment of idiopathic scoliosis. Analysis of current knowledge. Ortop Traumatol Rehabil, 2016, 18(5): 409-424.
28. Zapata KA, Sucato DJ, Jo CH. Physical therapy scoliosis-specific exercises may reduce curve progression in mild adolescent idiopathic scoliosis curves. Pediatr Phys Ther, 2019, 31(3): 280-285.
29. 袁望舒, 沈建雄, 陈丽霞, 等. 脊柱侧凸特定性训练对轻度青少年特发性脊柱侧凸的治疗价值. 协和医学杂志, 2020, 11(1): 40-44.
30. Gao C, Zheng Y, Fan C, et al. Could the clinical effectiveness be improved under the integration of orthotic intervention and scoliosis-specific exercise in managing adolescent idiopathic scoliosis?: a randomized controlled trial study. Am J Phys Med Rehabil, 2019, 98(8): 642-648.
31. 傅涛, 厉彦虎. 功能性康复训练改善青少年特发性脊柱侧弯的研究. 中国组织工程研究, 2017, 21(28): 4462-4468.
32. Sarkisova N, Andras LM, Yang J, et al. Side plank pose exercises for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis patients. Glob Adv Health Med, 2019, 8: 2164956119887720.
33. 田飞, 丁桃, 闫博, 等. 运动疗法治疗青少年特发性脊柱侧弯研究进展. 中国康复, 2017, 32(5): 425-427.
34. 徐贝宇, 孙浩林, 李淳德. 头盆环牵引在重度脊柱畸形矫形治疗中的应用. 中华骨与关节外科杂志, 2019, 12(11): 910-914, 928.
35. 王增平, 薛文, 王中华, 等. Halo-头盆环牵引联合Ⅱ期矫形治疗重度僵硬性脊柱侧弯. 中国骨伤, 2020, 33(2): 106-110.
36. Koptan W, ElMiligui Y. Three-staged correction of severe rigid idiopathic scoliosis using limited halo-gravity traction. Eur Spine J, 2012, 21(6): 1091-1098.
37. 隋文渊, 刘瀚忠, 张伟, 等. Halo 重力牵引对伴呼吸功能障碍的重度僵硬性脊柱畸形青少年患者肺功能的影响. 中华骨与关节外科杂志, 2019, 12(1): 30-34.
38. Iyer S, Duah HO, Wulff I, et al. The use of halo gravity traction in the treatment of severe early onset spinal deformity. Spine (Phila Pa 1976), 2019, 44(14): E841-E845.
39. Lou EH, Hill DL, Raso JV, et al. How quantity and quality of brace wear affect the brace treatment outcomes for AIS. Eur Spine J, 2016, 25(2): 495-499.
40. Zaina F, Negrini S, Atanasio S, et al. Specific exercises performed in the period of brace weaning can avoid loss of correction in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) patients: winner of SOSORT’s 2008 award for best clinical paper. Scoliosis, 2009, 4: 8.
41. Karol LA, Virostek D, Felton K, et al. Effect of compliance counseling on brace use and success in patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. J Bone Joint Surg Am, 2016, 98(1): 9-14.
42. Thompson RM, Hubbard EW, Jo CH, et al. Brace success is related to curve type in patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. J Bone Joint Surg Am, 2017, 99(11): 923-928.
43. Lou E, Hill D, Parent E, et al. Prediction of curve progression for AIS patients treated with a TLSO brace. Scoliosis, 2009, 4(Suppl 2): 1.
44. Wong MS, Cheng JC, Lam TP, et al. The effect of rigid versus flexible spinal orthosis on the clinical efficacy and acceptance of the patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Spine (Phila Pa 1976), 2008, 33(12): 1360-1365.
45. Kalichman L, Kendelker L, Bezalel T. Bracing and exercise-based treatment for idiopathic scoliosis. J Bodyw Mov Ther, 2016, 20(1): 56-64.
46. 杜青, 周璇, 励建安, 等. 青少年特发性脊柱侧凸改良色努支具应用研究. 中国矫形外科杂志, 2014, 22(9): 779-782.
47. Théroux J, Stomski N, Innes S, et al. Revisiting the psychometric properties of the Scoliosis Research Society-22 (SRS-22) French version. Scoliosis Spinal Disord, 2017, 12: 21.
48. Pu Chu EC, Kai Huang KH. Bridging the gap between observation and brace treatment for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. J Family Med Prim Care, 2017, 6(2): 447-449.
49. Misterska E, Głowacki J, Okręt A, et al. Back and neck pain and function in females with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: a follow-up at least 23 years after conservative treatment with a Milwaukee brace. PLoS One, 2017, 12(12): e0189358.
50. Pasquini G, Cecchi F, Bini C, et al. The outcome of a modified version of the Cheneau brace in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) based on SRS and SOSORT criteria: a retrospective study. Eur J Phys Rehabil Med, 2016, 52(5): 618-629.

Previous Article
High-riding vertebral artery and its influence on upper cervical spine surgery
Next Article
Discussion and thinking about the causes of biomechanics-related degenerative lumbar spondylosis

West China Medical Journal

Non-surgical treatment of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis

Abstract Full text Figures/Tables Video References Cited by

Previous Article

Next Article

Format

Content