Effects of children’s crawling-promotion-training-robot on gross motor function and cognitive function in children with global developmental delay_West China Medical Journal

Authors：

CHEN Wenxiang ¹ , SHEN Ying ² , ZHANG Hongmei ¹ , SUN Yaojin ¹ ,  DAI Wenjun ²

1. Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, P. R. China;
2. Rehabilitation Medicine Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P. R. China;

Corresponding author：

DAI Wenjun, Email: njdaiwenjun@163.com

Keywords：

Global developmental delay; children’s crawling-promotion-training-robot; gross motor function; cognitive function

DOI：

10.7507/1002-0179.202208055

Video：

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Objective To investigate the effects of children’s crawling-promotion-training-robot on gross motor function and cognitive function in children with global developmental delay (GDD). Methods A total of 40 children with GDD admitted to the Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University were selected as the research subjects. By envelope method, the children were randomly and equally divided into experimental group and control group, with 20 cases in each group. The experimental group received children’s crawling-promotion-training-robot combined with conventional rehabilitation therapy, while the control group received manual crawling training combined with conventional rehabilitation therapy. Before and after treatment, the scores of Gross Motor Function Measure Scale-88 (GMFM-88) and Gesell Developmental Scale (GDS) were respectively used to evaluate gross motor function and cognitive function. Results There was no significant difference in gender (χ²=0.100, P=0.752) and age (t=0.053, P=0.962) between the two groups. Before treatment, there was no significant difference in GMFM-88 and GDS scores between the two groups (P>0.05). After treatment, there were statistically significant differences in GMFM-88 and GDS scores between the two groups (P<0.05). The comparison within the group showed that there were statistically significant differences in GMFM-88 and GDS scores between the two groups before and after treatment. Conclusion Children’s crawling-promotion-training-robot is more effective than manual crawling training in improving gross motor function and cognitive function in children with GDD.

Citation： CHEN Wenxiang, SHEN Ying, ZHANG Hongmei, SUN Yaojin, DAI Wenjun. Effects of children’s crawling-promotion-training-robot on gross motor function and cognitive function in children with global developmental delay. West China Medical Journal, 2022, 37(11): 1646-1650. doi: 10.7507/1002-0179.202208055 Copy

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6.	华裕, 朱敏, 张跃. 儿童康复机器人应用现状及发展趋势. 中国康复理论与实践, 2018, 24(6): 667-670.
7.	杜佳音, 范艳萍, 李鑫, 等. 自制脑性瘫痪儿童下肢康复器的研制及临床效果. 中国康复理论与实践, 2017, 23(4): 430-432.
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9.	American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. 5th ed. Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Association, 2013.
10.	刘鹏, 黄东锋, 江沁, 等. 脑瘫患儿粗大运动功能测量量表的标准化研究. 中国康复医学杂志, 2004, 19(3): 170-173.
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13.	Scherzer AL, Chhagan M, Kauchali S, et al. Global perspective on early diagnosis and intervention for children with developmental delays and disabilities. Dev Med Child Neurol, 2012, 54(12): 1079-1084.
14.	Clearfield MW. The role of crawling and walking experience in infant spatial memory. J Exp Child Psychol, 2004, 89(3): 214-241.
15.	Forma V, Anderson DI, Provasi J, et al. What does prone skateboarding in the newborn tell us about the ontogeny of human locomotion?. Child Dev, 2019, 90(4): 1286-1302.
16.	McEwan MH, Dihoff RE, Brosvic GM. Early infant crawling experience is reflected in later motor skill development. Percept Mot Skills, 1991, 72(1): 75-79.
17.	Cazorla-González J, García-Retortillo S, Gacto-Sánchez M, et al. Effects of crawling before walking: network interactions and longitudinal associations in 7-year-old children. Int J Environ Res Public Health, 2022, 19(9): 5561.
18.	冯喆, 谭丽双, 胡晓丽, 等. Vojta 法结合 Bobath 法治疗痉挛型脑瘫患儿爬行的疗效观察. 中国康复理论与实践, 2005(10): 864.
19.	姚远, 刘彩霞, 谢集建. Bobath 爬行训练联合小牛血清及鼠神经生长因子治疗婴幼儿脑瘫的临床观察. 神经损伤与功能重建, 2021, 16(9): 543-546.
20.	Kleim JA, Jones TA. Principles of experience-dependent neural plasticity: implications for rehabilitation after brain damage. J Speech Lang Hear Res, 2008, 51(1): S225-S239.
21.	Bach-y-Rita P. Brain plasticity as a basis for recovery of function in humans. Neuropsychologia, 1990, 28(6): 547-554.
22.	Dumuids-Vernet MV, Provasi J, Anderson DI, et al. Effects of early motor interventions on gross motor and locomotor development for infants at-risk of motor delay: a systematic review. Front Pediatr, 2022, 10: 877345.
23.	Angulo-Barroso RM, Tiernan C, Chen LC, et al. Treadmill training in moderate risk preterm infants promotes stepping quality-results of a small randomised controlled trial. Res Dev Disabil, 2013, 34(11): 3629-3638.
24.	杜森杰, 张跃, 李红英, 等. 儿童爬行促通训练机器人在痉挛型双瘫患儿康复中应用的效果. 中国康复理论与实践, 2018, 24(10): 1195-1200.
25.	von Hofsten C. An action perspective on motor development. Trends Cogn Sci, 2004, 8(6): 266-272.
26.	Kolobe THA, Fagg AH. Robot reinforcement and error-based movement learning in infants with and without cerebral palsy. Phys Ther, 2019, 99(6): 677-688.
27.	Xiong QL, Wu XY, Liu Y, et al. Measurement and analysis of human infant crawling for rehabilitation: a narrative review. Front Neurol, 2021, 12: 731374.
28.	Berger SE, Adolph KE. Learning and development in infant locomotion. Prog Brain Res, 2007, 164: 237-255.
29.	苗祎, 张晓东, 侯晓晨. 核心肌群稳定性训练结合爬行训练对痉挛型脑性瘫痪患儿运动及智力发育的影响. 中国中西医结合儿科学, 2021, 13(3): 222-224.
30.	Kermoian R, Campos JJ. Locomotor experience: a facilitator of spatial cognitive development. Child Dev, 1988, 59(4): 908-917.

1. Bélanger SA, Caron J. Evaluation of the child with global developmental delay and intellectual disability. Paediatr Child Health, 2018, 23(6): 403-419.
2. Bellman M, Byrne O, Sege R. Developmental assessment of children. BMJ, 2013, 346: e8687.
3. Mithyantha R, Kneen R, McCann E, et al. Current evidence-based recommendations on investigating children with global developmental delay. Arch Dis Child, 2017, 102(11): 1071-1076.
4. Vitrikas K, Savard D, Bucaj M. Developmental delay: when and how to screen. Am Fam Physician, 2017, 96(1): 36-43.
5. Herbert J, Gross J, Hayne H. Crawling is associated with more flexible memory retrieval by 9-month-old infants. Dev Sci, 2007, 10(2): 183-189.
6. 华裕, 朱敏, 张跃. 儿童康复机器人应用现状及发展趋势. 中国康复理论与实践, 2018, 24(6): 667-670.
7. 杜佳音, 范艳萍, 李鑫, 等. 自制脑性瘫痪儿童下肢康复器的研制及临床效果. 中国康复理论与实践, 2017, 23(4): 430-432.
8. 张跃. 儿童爬行促通训练仪: 中国, CN201445727U.
9. American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. 5th ed. Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Association, 2013.
10. 刘鹏, 黄东锋, 江沁, 等. 脑瘫患儿粗大运动功能测量量表的标准化研究. 中国康复医学杂志, 2004, 19(3): 170-173.
11. 杨玉凤. 儿童发育行为心理评定量表. 北京: 人民卫生出版社, 2016.
12. 胡继红, 周平秋, 郭春光, 等. 早期认知语言康复训练对发育迟缓患儿各发育能区的影响. 中国康复理论与实践, 2016, 22(1): 88-91.
13. Scherzer AL, Chhagan M, Kauchali S, et al. Global perspective on early diagnosis and intervention for children with developmental delays and disabilities. Dev Med Child Neurol, 2012, 54(12): 1079-1084.
14. Clearfield MW. The role of crawling and walking experience in infant spatial memory. J Exp Child Psychol, 2004, 89(3): 214-241.
15. Forma V, Anderson DI, Provasi J, et al. What does prone skateboarding in the newborn tell us about the ontogeny of human locomotion?. Child Dev, 2019, 90(4): 1286-1302.
16. McEwan MH, Dihoff RE, Brosvic GM. Early infant crawling experience is reflected in later motor skill development. Percept Mot Skills, 1991, 72(1): 75-79.
17. Cazorla-González J, García-Retortillo S, Gacto-Sánchez M, et al. Effects of crawling before walking: network interactions and longitudinal associations in 7-year-old children. Int J Environ Res Public Health, 2022, 19(9): 5561.
18. 冯喆, 谭丽双, 胡晓丽, 等. Vojta 法结合 Bobath 法治疗痉挛型脑瘫患儿爬行的疗效观察. 中国康复理论与实践, 2005(10): 864.
19. 姚远, 刘彩霞, 谢集建. Bobath 爬行训练联合小牛血清及鼠神经生长因子治疗婴幼儿脑瘫的临床观察. 神经损伤与功能重建, 2021, 16(9): 543-546.
20. Kleim JA, Jones TA. Principles of experience-dependent neural plasticity: implications for rehabilitation after brain damage. J Speech Lang Hear Res, 2008, 51(1): S225-S239.
21. Bach-y-Rita P. Brain plasticity as a basis for recovery of function in humans. Neuropsychologia, 1990, 28(6): 547-554.
22. Dumuids-Vernet MV, Provasi J, Anderson DI, et al. Effects of early motor interventions on gross motor and locomotor development for infants at-risk of motor delay: a systematic review. Front Pediatr, 2022, 10: 877345.
23. Angulo-Barroso RM, Tiernan C, Chen LC, et al. Treadmill training in moderate risk preterm infants promotes stepping quality-results of a small randomised controlled trial. Res Dev Disabil, 2013, 34(11): 3629-3638.
24. 杜森杰, 张跃, 李红英, 等. 儿童爬行促通训练机器人在痉挛型双瘫患儿康复中应用的效果. 中国康复理论与实践, 2018, 24(10): 1195-1200.
25. von Hofsten C. An action perspective on motor development. Trends Cogn Sci, 2004, 8(6): 266-272.
26. Kolobe THA, Fagg AH. Robot reinforcement and error-based movement learning in infants with and without cerebral palsy. Phys Ther, 2019, 99(6): 677-688.
27. Xiong QL, Wu XY, Liu Y, et al. Measurement and analysis of human infant crawling for rehabilitation: a narrative review. Front Neurol, 2021, 12: 731374.
28. Berger SE, Adolph KE. Learning and development in infant locomotion. Prog Brain Res, 2007, 164: 237-255.
29. 苗祎, 张晓东, 侯晓晨. 核心肌群稳定性训练结合爬行训练对痉挛型脑性瘫痪患儿运动及智力发育的影响. 中国中西医结合儿科学, 2021, 13(3): 222-224.
30. Kermoian R, Campos JJ. Locomotor experience: a facilitator of spatial cognitive development. Child Dev, 1988, 59(4): 908-917.

West China Medical Journal

Effects of children’s crawling-promotion-training-robot on gross motor function and cognitive function in children with global developmental delay

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