Research progress of frozen shoulder treatment_West China Medical Journal

Authors：

QIU Yuqin ¹ , LI Yupeng ¹ ,  HU Jiang ^1,2

1. School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 610054, P. R. China;
2. Department of Orthopedics, Sichuan Academy of Medicine Sciences • Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, P. R. China;

Corresponding author：

HU Jiang, Email: hujiang8711@163.com

Keywords：

Frozen shoulder; treatment; arthroscope

DOI：

10.7507/1002-0179.202310020

Video：

Export PDF Favorites Scan Get Citation

Abstract Full text Figures/Tables Video References Cited by

Frozen shoulder is a common disease in orthopaedic clinic. The main clinical manifestations were shoulder joint pain and limited active and passive activity. However, the etiology and pathogenesis of frozen shoulder are not fully understood, so people can not choose the appropriate treatment plan. In recent years, there have been a lot of exploration on the pathogenesis and treatment measures of this disease at home and abroad, but there is no unified standard for the treatment of frozen shoulder. This article summarizes the treatment methods of frozen shoulder at home and abroad in recent years, analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of non-surgical treatment and surgical treatment, in order to provide assistance for clinical practice.

Citation： QIU Yuqin, LI Yupeng, HU Jiang. Research progress of frozen shoulder treatment. West China Medical Journal, 2023, 38(10): 1571-1577. doi: 10.7507/1002-0179.202310020 Copy

1.	Fields BKK, Skalski MR, Patel DB, et al. Adhesive capsulitis: review of imaging findings, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, and treatment options. Skeletal Radiol, 2019, 48(8): 1171-1184.
2.	Kim DH, Kim YS, Kim BS, et al. Is frozen shoulder completely resolved at 2 years after the onset of disease?. J Orthop Sci, 2020, 25(2): 224-228.
3.	Cho CH, Bae KC, Kim DH. Treatment strategy for frozen shoulder. Clin Orthop Surg, 2019, 11(3): 249-257.
4.	Itoi E, Arce G, Bain GI, et al. Shoulder stiffness: current concepts and concerns. Arthroscopy, 2016, 32(7): 1402-1414.
5.	Kingston K, Curry EJ, Galvin JW, et al. Shoulder adhesive capsulitis: epidemiology and predictors of surgery. J Shoulder Elbow Surg, 2018, 27(8): 1437-1443.
6.	Ricci M. Adhesive capsulitis: a review for clinicians. JAAPA, 2021, 34(12): 12-14.
7.	Yip M, Francis AM, Roberts T, et al. Treatment of adhesive capsulitis of the shoulder: a critical analysis review. JBJS Rev, 2018, 6(6): e5.
8.	Cheng X, Zhang Z, Xuanyan G, et al. Adhesive capsulitis of the shoulder: evaluation with US-arthrography using a sonographic contrast agent. Sci Rep, 2017, 7(1): 5551.
9.	Jain TK, Sharma NK. The effectiveness of physiotherapeutic interventions in treatment of frozen shoulder/adhesive capsulitis: a systematic review. J Back Musculoskelet Rehabil, 2014, 27(3): 247-273.
10.	Sun Y, Lu S, Zhang P, et al. Steroid injection versus physiotherapy for patients with adhesive capsulitis of the shoulder: a PRIMSA systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Medicine (Baltimore), 2016, 95(20): e3469.
11.	Robinson PM, Norris J, Roberts CP. Randomized controlled trial of supervised physiotherapy versus a home exercise program after hydrodilatation for the management of primary frozen shoulder. J Shoulder Elbow Surg, 2017, 26(5): 757-765.
12.	Mertens MG, Meert L, Struyf F, et al. Exercise therapy is effective for improvement in range of motion, function, and pain in patients with frozen shoulder: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Arch Phys Med Rehabil, 2022, 103(5): 998-1012. e14.
13.	Qiao HY, Xin L, Wu SL. Analgesic effect of extracorporeal shock-wave therapy for frozen shoulder: a randomized controlled trial protocol. Medicine (Baltimore), 2020, 99(31): e21399.
14.	Saldiran TÇ, Yazgan P, Akgöl AC, et al. Radial shock-wave therapy for frozen shoulder patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a pilot trial comparing two different energy levels. Eur J Phys Rehabil Med, 2022, 58(3): 412-422.
15.	Hwang M, Lee S, Lim C. Effects of the proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation technique on scapula function in office workers with scapula dyskinesis. Medicina (Kaunas), 2021, 57(4): 332.
16.	Lin P, Yang M, Huang D, et al. Effect of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation technique on the treatment of frozen shoulder: a pilot randomized controlled trial. BMC Musculoskelet Disord, 2022, 23(1): 367.
17.	孟醒, 修文萃, 胡翔昱, 等. 针灸治疗肩周炎临床研究证据图. 中国针灸, 2022, 42(2): 227-230, 236.
18.	Mertens MG, Meeus M, Verborgt O, et al. An overview of effective and potential new conservative interventions in patients with frozen shoulder. Rheumatol Int, 2022, 42(6): 925-936.
19.	Holgado D, Hopker J, Sanabria D, et al. Analgesics and sport performance: beyond the pain-modulating effects. PM R, 2018, 10(1): 72-82.
20.	Narváez J. Treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Med Clin (Barc), 2016, 147(4): 176-180.
21.	Çınar BM, Battal VE, Bal N, et al. Comparison of efficacy of oral versus intra-articular corticosteroid application in the treatment of frozen shoulder: an experimental study in rats. Acta Orthop Traumatol Turc, 2022, 56(1): 64-70.
22.	Yang R, Deng H, Hou J, et al. Investigation of salmon calcitonin in regulating fibrosis-related molecule production and cell-substrate adhesion in frozen shoulder synovial/capsular fibroblasts. J Orthop Res, 2020, 38(6): 1375-1385.
23.	Rouhani A, Mardani-Kivi M, Bazavar M, et al. Calcitonin effects on shoulder adhesive capsulitis. Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol, 2016, 26(6): 575-580.
24.	Karbowiak M, Holme T, Mirza M, et al. Frozen shoulder. BMJ, 2022, 377: e068547.
25.	Challoumas D, Biddle M, McLean M, et al. Comparison of treatments for frozen shoulder: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA Netw Open, 2020, 3(12): e2029581.
26.	Chen R, Jiang C, Huang G. Comparison of intra-articular and subacromial corticosteroid injection in frozen shoulder: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Int J Surg, 2019, 68: 92-103.
27.	Shang X, Zhang Z, Pan X, et al. Intra-articular versus subacromial corticosteroid injection for the treatment of adhesive capsulitis: a meta-analysis and systematic review. Biomed Res Int, 2019, 2019: 1274790.
28.	Cho CH, Min BW, Bae KC, et al. A prospective double-blind randomized trial on ultrasound-guided versus blind intra-articular corticosteroid injections for primary frozen shoulder. Bone Joint J, 2021, 103-B(2): 353-359.
29.	Koraman E, Turkmen I, Uygur E, et al. A multisite injection is more effective than a single glenohumeral injection of corticosteroid in the treatment of primary frozen shoulder: a randomized controlled trial. Arthroscopy, 2021, 37(7): 2031-2040.
30.	Mao B, Peng R, Zhang Z, et al. The effect of intra-articular injection of hyaluronic acid in frozen shoulder: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Orthop Surg Res, 2022, 17(1): 128.
31.	Akhtar M, Nadeem RDA, Shah Gillani SF, et al. Comparison of intra articular NSAID (ketorolac) injection versus hyaluronic acid injection for the mean decrease of pain score (according to UCLA shoulder rating scale) in the management of adhesive capsulitis. Pak J Pharm Sci, 2019, 32(3): 953-956.
32.	Nicholson JA, Slader B, Martindale A, et al. Distension arthrogram in the treatment of adhesive capsulitis has a low rate of repeat intervention. Bone Joint J, 2020, 102-B(5): 606-610.
33.	Zhang Y, Xue R, Tong Z, et al. The efficacy of manipulation with distension arthrography to treat adhesive capsulitis: a multicenter, randomized, single-blind, controlled trial. Biomed Res Int, 2022, 2022: 1562358.
34.	Lädermann A, Piotton S, Abrassart S, et al. Hydrodilatation with corticosteroids is the most effective conservative management for frozen shoulder. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc, 2021, 29(8): 2553-2563.
35.	Jump CM, Waghmare A, Mati W, et al. The impact of suprascapular nerve interventions in patients with frozen shoulder: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JBJS Rev, 2021, 9(12): e21.
36.	Haque R, Baruah RK, Bari A, et al. Is suprascapular nerve block better than intra-articular corticosteroid injection for the treatment of adhesive capsulitis of the shoulder? A randomized controlled study. Ortop Traumatol Rehabil, 2021, 23(3): 157-165.
37.	Gencer Atalay K, Kurt S, Kaplan E, et al. Clinical effects of suprascapular nerve block in addition to intra-articular corticosteroid injection in the early stages of adhesive capsulitis: a singleblind, randomized controlled trial. Acta Orthop Traumatol Turc, 2021, 55(6): 459-465.
38.	Fernández-Martínez AM, Alonso-Burgos A, López R, et al. Clinical outcomes of transcatheter arterial embolization for secondary stiff shoulder. J Vasc Interv Radiol, 2021, 32(4): 489-496.
39.	Kraal T, Van der Meer O, Van den Borne M, et al. Manipulation under anesthesia for frozen shoulders : a retrospective cohort study. Acta Orthop Belg, 2019, 85(4): 400-405.
40.	Lee SJ, Jang JH, Hyun YS. Can manipulation under anesthesia alone provide clinical outcomes similar to arthroscopic circumferential capsular release in primary frozen shoulder (FS)?: the necessity of arthroscopic capsular release in primary FS. Clin Shoulder Elb, 2020, 23(4): 169-177.
41.	Salomon M, Pastore C, Maselli F, et al. Manipulation under anesthesia versus non-surgical treatment for patients with frozen shoulder contracture syndrome: a systematic review. Int J Environ Res Public Health, 2022, 19(15): 9715.
42.	Kanbe K. Clinical outcome of arthroscopic capsular release for frozen shoulder: essential technical points in 255 patients. J Orthop Surg Res, 2018, 13(1): 56.
43.	Forsythe B, Lavoie-Gagne O, Patel BH, et al. Efficacy of arthroscopic surgery in the management of adhesive capsulitis: a systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Arthroscopy, 2021, 37(7): 2281-2297.
44.	Harryman DT 2nd, Sidles JA, Harris SL, et al. The role of the rotator interval capsule in passive motion and stability of the shoulder. J Bone Joint Surg Am, 1992, 74(1): 53-66.
45.	Jerosch J. 360 degrees arthroscopic capsular release in patients with adhesive capsulitis of the glenohumeral joint--indication, surgical technique, results. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc, 2001, 9(3): 178-186.
46.	Nicholson GP. Arthroscopic capsular release for stiff shoulders: effect of etiology on outcomes. Arthroscopy, 2003, 19(1): 40-49.
47.	Sivasubramanian H, Chua CXK, Lim SY, et al. Arthroscopic capsular release to treat idiopathic frozen shoulder: how much release is needed?. Orthop Traumatol Surg Res, 2021, 107(1): 102766.
48.	Hasegawa A, Mihata T, Fukunishi K, Neo M. Does the timing of surgical intervention impact the clinical outcomes and overall duration of symptoms in frozen shoulder?. J Shoulder Elbow Surg, 2021, 30(4): 836-843.

1. Fields BKK, Skalski MR, Patel DB, et al. Adhesive capsulitis: review of imaging findings, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, and treatment options. Skeletal Radiol, 2019, 48(8): 1171-1184.
2. Kim DH, Kim YS, Kim BS, et al. Is frozen shoulder completely resolved at 2 years after the onset of disease?. J Orthop Sci, 2020, 25(2): 224-228.
3. Cho CH, Bae KC, Kim DH. Treatment strategy for frozen shoulder. Clin Orthop Surg, 2019, 11(3): 249-257.
4. Itoi E, Arce G, Bain GI, et al. Shoulder stiffness: current concepts and concerns. Arthroscopy, 2016, 32(7): 1402-1414.
5. Kingston K, Curry EJ, Galvin JW, et al. Shoulder adhesive capsulitis: epidemiology and predictors of surgery. J Shoulder Elbow Surg, 2018, 27(8): 1437-1443.
6. Ricci M. Adhesive capsulitis: a review for clinicians. JAAPA, 2021, 34(12): 12-14.
7. Yip M, Francis AM, Roberts T, et al. Treatment of adhesive capsulitis of the shoulder: a critical analysis review. JBJS Rev, 2018, 6(6): e5.
8. Cheng X, Zhang Z, Xuanyan G, et al. Adhesive capsulitis of the shoulder: evaluation with US-arthrography using a sonographic contrast agent. Sci Rep, 2017, 7(1): 5551.
9. Jain TK, Sharma NK. The effectiveness of physiotherapeutic interventions in treatment of frozen shoulder/adhesive capsulitis: a systematic review. J Back Musculoskelet Rehabil, 2014, 27(3): 247-273.
10. Sun Y, Lu S, Zhang P, et al. Steroid injection versus physiotherapy for patients with adhesive capsulitis of the shoulder: a PRIMSA systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Medicine (Baltimore), 2016, 95(20): e3469.
11. Robinson PM, Norris J, Roberts CP. Randomized controlled trial of supervised physiotherapy versus a home exercise program after hydrodilatation for the management of primary frozen shoulder. J Shoulder Elbow Surg, 2017, 26(5): 757-765.
12. Mertens MG, Meert L, Struyf F, et al. Exercise therapy is effective for improvement in range of motion, function, and pain in patients with frozen shoulder: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Arch Phys Med Rehabil, 2022, 103(5): 998-1012. e14.
13. Qiao HY, Xin L, Wu SL. Analgesic effect of extracorporeal shock-wave therapy for frozen shoulder: a randomized controlled trial protocol. Medicine (Baltimore), 2020, 99(31): e21399.
14. Saldiran TÇ, Yazgan P, Akgöl AC, et al. Radial shock-wave therapy for frozen shoulder patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a pilot trial comparing two different energy levels. Eur J Phys Rehabil Med, 2022, 58(3): 412-422.
15. Hwang M, Lee S, Lim C. Effects of the proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation technique on scapula function in office workers with scapula dyskinesis. Medicina (Kaunas), 2021, 57(4): 332.
16. Lin P, Yang M, Huang D, et al. Effect of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation technique on the treatment of frozen shoulder: a pilot randomized controlled trial. BMC Musculoskelet Disord, 2022, 23(1): 367.
17. 孟醒, 修文萃, 胡翔昱, 等. 针灸治疗肩周炎临床研究证据图. 中国针灸, 2022, 42(2): 227-230, 236.
18. Mertens MG, Meeus M, Verborgt O, et al. An overview of effective and potential new conservative interventions in patients with frozen shoulder. Rheumatol Int, 2022, 42(6): 925-936.
19. Holgado D, Hopker J, Sanabria D, et al. Analgesics and sport performance: beyond the pain-modulating effects. PM R, 2018, 10(1): 72-82.
20. Narváez J. Treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Med Clin (Barc), 2016, 147(4): 176-180.
21. Çınar BM, Battal VE, Bal N, et al. Comparison of efficacy of oral versus intra-articular corticosteroid application in the treatment of frozen shoulder: an experimental study in rats. Acta Orthop Traumatol Turc, 2022, 56(1): 64-70.
22. Yang R, Deng H, Hou J, et al. Investigation of salmon calcitonin in regulating fibrosis-related molecule production and cell-substrate adhesion in frozen shoulder synovial/capsular fibroblasts. J Orthop Res, 2020, 38(6): 1375-1385.
23. Rouhani A, Mardani-Kivi M, Bazavar M, et al. Calcitonin effects on shoulder adhesive capsulitis. Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol, 2016, 26(6): 575-580.
24. Karbowiak M, Holme T, Mirza M, et al. Frozen shoulder. BMJ, 2022, 377: e068547.
25. Challoumas D, Biddle M, McLean M, et al. Comparison of treatments for frozen shoulder: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA Netw Open, 2020, 3(12): e2029581.
26. Chen R, Jiang C, Huang G. Comparison of intra-articular and subacromial corticosteroid injection in frozen shoulder: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Int J Surg, 2019, 68: 92-103.
27. Shang X, Zhang Z, Pan X, et al. Intra-articular versus subacromial corticosteroid injection for the treatment of adhesive capsulitis: a meta-analysis and systematic review. Biomed Res Int, 2019, 2019: 1274790.
28. Cho CH, Min BW, Bae KC, et al. A prospective double-blind randomized trial on ultrasound-guided versus blind intra-articular corticosteroid injections for primary frozen shoulder. Bone Joint J, 2021, 103-B(2): 353-359.
29. Koraman E, Turkmen I, Uygur E, et al. A multisite injection is more effective than a single glenohumeral injection of corticosteroid in the treatment of primary frozen shoulder: a randomized controlled trial. Arthroscopy, 2021, 37(7): 2031-2040.
30. Mao B, Peng R, Zhang Z, et al. The effect of intra-articular injection of hyaluronic acid in frozen shoulder: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Orthop Surg Res, 2022, 17(1): 128.
31. Akhtar M, Nadeem RDA, Shah Gillani SF, et al. Comparison of intra articular NSAID (ketorolac) injection versus hyaluronic acid injection for the mean decrease of pain score (according to UCLA shoulder rating scale) in the management of adhesive capsulitis. Pak J Pharm Sci, 2019, 32(3): 953-956.
32. Nicholson JA, Slader B, Martindale A, et al. Distension arthrogram in the treatment of adhesive capsulitis has a low rate of repeat intervention. Bone Joint J, 2020, 102-B(5): 606-610.
33. Zhang Y, Xue R, Tong Z, et al. The efficacy of manipulation with distension arthrography to treat adhesive capsulitis: a multicenter, randomized, single-blind, controlled trial. Biomed Res Int, 2022, 2022: 1562358.
34. Lädermann A, Piotton S, Abrassart S, et al. Hydrodilatation with corticosteroids is the most effective conservative management for frozen shoulder. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc, 2021, 29(8): 2553-2563.
35. Jump CM, Waghmare A, Mati W, et al. The impact of suprascapular nerve interventions in patients with frozen shoulder: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JBJS Rev, 2021, 9(12): e21.
36. Haque R, Baruah RK, Bari A, et al. Is suprascapular nerve block better than intra-articular corticosteroid injection for the treatment of adhesive capsulitis of the shoulder? A randomized controlled study. Ortop Traumatol Rehabil, 2021, 23(3): 157-165.
37. Gencer Atalay K, Kurt S, Kaplan E, et al. Clinical effects of suprascapular nerve block in addition to intra-articular corticosteroid injection in the early stages of adhesive capsulitis: a singleblind, randomized controlled trial. Acta Orthop Traumatol Turc, 2021, 55(6): 459-465.
38. Fernández-Martínez AM, Alonso-Burgos A, López R, et al. Clinical outcomes of transcatheter arterial embolization for secondary stiff shoulder. J Vasc Interv Radiol, 2021, 32(4): 489-496.
39. Kraal T, Van der Meer O, Van den Borne M, et al. Manipulation under anesthesia for frozen shoulders : a retrospective cohort study. Acta Orthop Belg, 2019, 85(4): 400-405.
40. Lee SJ, Jang JH, Hyun YS. Can manipulation under anesthesia alone provide clinical outcomes similar to arthroscopic circumferential capsular release in primary frozen shoulder (FS)?: the necessity of arthroscopic capsular release in primary FS. Clin Shoulder Elb, 2020, 23(4): 169-177.
41. Salomon M, Pastore C, Maselli F, et al. Manipulation under anesthesia versus non-surgical treatment for patients with frozen shoulder contracture syndrome: a systematic review. Int J Environ Res Public Health, 2022, 19(15): 9715.
42. Kanbe K. Clinical outcome of arthroscopic capsular release for frozen shoulder: essential technical points in 255 patients. J Orthop Surg Res, 2018, 13(1): 56.
43. Forsythe B, Lavoie-Gagne O, Patel BH, et al. Efficacy of arthroscopic surgery in the management of adhesive capsulitis: a systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Arthroscopy, 2021, 37(7): 2281-2297.
44. Harryman DT 2nd, Sidles JA, Harris SL, et al. The role of the rotator interval capsule in passive motion and stability of the shoulder. J Bone Joint Surg Am, 1992, 74(1): 53-66.
45. Jerosch J. 360 degrees arthroscopic capsular release in patients with adhesive capsulitis of the glenohumeral joint--indication, surgical technique, results. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc, 2001, 9(3): 178-186.
46. Nicholson GP. Arthroscopic capsular release for stiff shoulders: effect of etiology on outcomes. Arthroscopy, 2003, 19(1): 40-49.
47. Sivasubramanian H, Chua CXK, Lim SY, et al. Arthroscopic capsular release to treat idiopathic frozen shoulder: how much release is needed?. Orthop Traumatol Surg Res, 2021, 107(1): 102766.
48. Hasegawa A, Mihata T, Fukunishi K, Neo M. Does the timing of surgical intervention impact the clinical outcomes and overall duration of symptoms in frozen shoulder?. J Shoulder Elbow Surg, 2021, 30(4): 836-843.

Previous Article
Advancements in minimally invasive surgical treatment of lumbar spondylolisthesis
Next Article
Advances in surface modification of orthopedic titanium implants for anti-infection

West China Medical Journal

Research progress of frozen shoulder treatment

Abstract Full text Figures/Tables Video References Cited by

Previous Article

Next Article

Format

Content