PROGRESS ON CELL INFILTRATION IN ELECTROSPUN SCAFFOLD_Chinese Journal of Reparative and Reconstructive Surgery

Authors：

AN Bo , SUN Mingze , SUN Minglin.

Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Logistics University of Chinese People’s Armed Police Force, Tianjin, 300162, P.R.China. Corresponding author: SUN Minglin, E-mail: sunmlren@sohu.com;

Corresponding author：

Keywords：

Tissue engineering; Electrostatic spinning; Scaffold material; Infiltration

DOI：

10.7507/1002-1892.20130047

Video：

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Objective To introduce the research progress on the technique of improving cell infiltration in electrospun scaffold. Methods The recent original articles about improving cell infiltration in electrospun scaffold were extensively reviewed and analyzed. Results The technique includes regulation of the electrospun parameters, modification of electrospun scaffold, and dynamic culture of scaffold-cells composite etc. The effect is limited and most of them need further optimization. Conclusion Cell infiltration in electrospun scaffold is of great significance in tissue engineering application. The relatively high compressed density and small pore size have become the bottleneck problem that prevents cell infiltration and tissue ingrowth into the scaffold. The combination of different techniques will be more effective to overcome this problem.

Citation： AN Bo,SUN Mingze,SUN Minglin.. PROGRESS ON CELL INFILTRATION IN ELECTROSPUN SCAFFOLD. Chinese Journal of Reparative and Reconstructive Surgery, 2013, 27(2): 219-222. doi: 10.7507/1002-1892.20130047 Copy

1.	Agarwal S, Wendorff JH, Greiner A. Progress in the field of electrospinning for tissue engineering applications. Adv Mater, 2009, 21(32-33): 3343-3351.
2.	胡旭栋, 王光林. 静电纺丝纳米纤维支架在神经组织工程中的研究进展. 中国修复重建外科杂志, 2010, 24(9): 1133-1137.
3.	薛正翔, 李敏. 血管组织工程支架研究进展. 中国修复重建外科杂志, 2009, 23(9): 1134-1137.
4.	Bhardwaj N, Kundu SC. Electrospinning: a fascinating fiber fabrication technique. Biotechnol Adv, 2010, 28(3): 325-347.
5.	Rnjak-Kovacina J, Weiss AS. Increasing the pore size of electrospun scaffolds. Tissue Eng Part B Rev, 2011, 17(5): 365-372.
6.	Liao S, Li B, Ma Z, et al. Biomimetic electrospun nanofibers for tissue regeneration. Biomed Mater, 2006, 1(3): R45-53.
7.	Li M, Mondrinos MJ, Gandhi MR, et al. Electrospun protein fibers as matrices for tissue engineering. Biomaterials, 2005, 26(30): 5999-6008.
8.	Eichhorn SJ, Sampson WW. Statistical geometry of pores and statistics of porous nanofibrous assemblies. J R Soc Interface, 2005, 2(4): 300-318.
9.	Pham QP, Sharma U, Mikos AG. Electrospun poly (epsilon-caprolactone) microfiber and multilayer nanofiber/microfiber scaffolds: characterization of scaffolds and measurement of cellular infiltration. Biomacromolecules, 2006, 7(10): 2796-2805.
10.	Rnjak-Kovacina J, Wise SG, Li Z, et al. Tailoring the porosity and pore size of electrospun synthetic human elastin scaffolds for dermal tissue engineering. Biomaterials, 2011, 32(28): 6729-6736.
11.	Kwon IK, Kidoaki S, Matsuda T. Electrospun nano- to microfiber fabrics made of biodegradable copolyesters: structural characteristics, mechanical properties and cell adhesion potential. Biomaterials, 2005, 26(18): 3929-3939.
12.	Thorvaldsson A, Stenhamre HS, Gatenholm P, et al. Electrospinning of highly porous scaffolds for cartilage regeneration. Biomacromolecules, 2008, 9(3): 1044-1049.
13.	Baker SC, Atkin N, Gunning PA, et al. Characterisation of electrospun polystyrene scaffolds for three-dimensional in vitro biological studies. Biomaterials, 2006, 27(16): 3136-3146.
14.	Matthews JA, Wnek GE, Simpson DG, et al. Electrospinning of collagen nanofibers. Biomacromolecules, 2002, 3(2): 232-238.
15.	Zhu X, Cui W, Li X, et al. Electrospun fibrous mats with high porosity as potential scaffolds for skin tissue engineering. Biomacromolecules, 2008, 9(7): 1795-1801.
16.	McClure MJ, Wolfe PS, Simpson DG, et al. The use of air-flow impedance to control fiber deposition patterns during electrospinning. Biomaterials, 2012, 33(3): 771-779.
17.	Blakeney BA, Tambralli A, Anderson JM, et al. Cell infiltration and growth in a low density, uncompressed three-dimensional electrospun nanofibrous scaffold. Biomaterials, 2011, 32(6): 1583-1590.
18.	Yokoyama Y, Hattori S, Yoshikawa C, et al. Novel wet electrospinning system for fabrication of spongiform nanofiber 3-dimensional fabric. Mater Lett, 2009, 63(9-10): 754-756.
19.	Ki CS, Park SY, Kim HJ, et al. Development of 3-d nanofibrous fibroin scaffold with high porosity by electrospinning: implications for bone regeneration. Biotechnol Lett, 2008, 30(3): 405-410.
20.	Zhang D, Chang J. Electrospinning of three-dimensional nanofibrous tubes with controllable architectures. Nano Lett, 2008, 8(10): 3283-3287.
21.	Vaquette C, Cooper-White JJ. Increasing electrospun scaffold pore size with tailored collectors for improved cell penetration. Acta Biomaterialia, 2011, 7(6): 2544-2557.
22.	Lowery JL, Datta N, Rutledge GC. Effect of fiber diameter, pore size and seeding method on growth of human dermal fibroblasts in electrospun poly (epsilon-caprolactone) fibrous mats. Biomaterials, 2010, 31(3): 491-504.
23.	Baker BM, Gee AO, Metter RB, et al. The potential to improve cell infiltration in composite fiber-aligned electrospun scaffolds by the selective removal of sacrificial fibers. Biomaterials, 2008, 29(15): 2348-2358.
24.	Phipps MC, Clem WC, Grunda JM, et al. Increasing the pore sizes of bone-mimetic electrospun scaffolds comprised of polycaprolactone, collagen I and hydroxyapatite to enhance cell infiltration. Biomaterials, 2012, 33(2): 524-534.
25.	Skotak M, Ragusa J, Gonzalez D, et al. Improved cellular infiltration into nanofibrous electrospun cross-linked gelatin scaffolds templated with micrometer-sized polyethylene glycol fibers. Biomed Mater, 2011, 6(5): 055012.
26.	Annabi N, Nichol JW, Zhong X, et al. Controlling the porosity and microarchitecture of hydrogels for tissue engineering. Tissue Eng Part B Rev, 2010, 16(4): 371-383.
27.	Nam J, Huang Y, Agarwal S, et al. Improved cellular infiltration in electrospun fiber via engineered porosity. Tissue Eng, 2007, 13(9): 2249-2257.
28.	Simonet M, Schneider OD, Neuenschwander P, et al. Ultraporous 3D polymer meshes by low-temperature electrospinning: use of ice crystals as a removable void template. Polym Eng Sci, 2007, 47(12): 2020-2026.
29.	Leong MF, Rasheed MZ, Lim TC, et al. In vitro cell infiltration and in vivo cell infiltration and vascularization in a fibrous, highly porous poly (D, L-lactide) scaffold fabricated by cryogenic electrospinning technique. J Biomed Mater Res A, 2009, 91(1): 231-240.
30.	Lee JB, Jeong SI, Bae MS, et al. Highly porous electrospun nanofibers enhanced by ultrasonication for improved cellular infiltration. Tissue Eng Part A, 2011, 17(21-22): 2695-2702.
31.	Choi HW, Johnson JK, Nam J, et al. Structuring electrospun polycaprolactone nanofiber tissue scaffolds by femtosecond laser ablation. J Laser Appl, 2007, 19(4): 225-231.
32.	Sundararaghavan HG, Metter RB, Burdick JA. Electrospun fibrous scaffolds with multiscale and photopatterned porosity. Macromol Biosci, 2010, 10(3): 265-270.
33.	朱雷, 吕丹, 孙明林. 不同环境刺激对骨髓间充质干细胞成软骨分化作用的研究进展. 中国矫形外科杂志, 2010, 18(19): 1618-1621.
34.	Mahmoudifar N, Doran PM. Chondrogenic differentiation of human adiposederived stem cells in polyglycolic acid mesh scaffolds under dynamic culture conditions. Biomaterials, 2010, 31(14): 3858-3867.
35.	Nerurkar NL, Sen S, Baker BM, et al. Dynamic culture enhances stem cell infiltration and modulates extracellular matrix production on aligned electrospun nanofibrous scaffolds. Acta Biomaterialia, 2011, 7(2): 485-491.
36.	Kenar H, Kose GT, Toner M, et al. A 3D aligned microfibrous myocardial tissue construct cultured under transient perfusion. Biomaterials, 2011, 32(23): 5320-5329.
37.	Stankus JJ, Guan J, Fujimoto K, et al. Microintegrating smooth muscle cells into a biodegradable, elastomeric fiber matrix. Biomaterials, 2006, 27(5): 735-744.
38.	Townsend-Nicholson A, Jayasinghe SN. Cell electrospinning: a unique biotechnique for encapsulating living organisms for generating active biological microthreads/scaffolds. Biomacromolecules, 2006, 7(12): 3364-3369.
39.	Yang XC, Shah JD, Wang HJ. Nanofiber enabled layer-by-layer approach toward three-dimensional tissue formation. Tissue Eng Part A, 2009, 15(4): 945-956.
40.	Park SH, Kim TG, Kim HC, et al. Development of dual scale scaffolds via direct polymer melt deposition and electrospinning for applications in tissue regeneration. Acta Biomater, 2008, 4(5): 1198-1207.

1. Agarwal S, Wendorff JH, Greiner A. Progress in the field of electrospinning for tissue engineering applications. Adv Mater, 2009, 21(32-33): 3343-3351.
2. 胡旭栋, 王光林. 静电纺丝纳米纤维支架在神经组织工程中的研究进展. 中国修复重建外科杂志, 2010, 24(9): 1133-1137.
3. 薛正翔, 李敏. 血管组织工程支架研究进展. 中国修复重建外科杂志, 2009, 23(9): 1134-1137.
4. Bhardwaj N, Kundu SC. Electrospinning: a fascinating fiber fabrication technique. Biotechnol Adv, 2010, 28(3): 325-347.
5. Rnjak-Kovacina J, Weiss AS. Increasing the pore size of electrospun scaffolds. Tissue Eng Part B Rev, 2011, 17(5): 365-372.
6. Liao S, Li B, Ma Z, et al. Biomimetic electrospun nanofibers for tissue regeneration. Biomed Mater, 2006, 1(3): R45-53.
7. Li M, Mondrinos MJ, Gandhi MR, et al. Electrospun protein fibers as matrices for tissue engineering. Biomaterials, 2005, 26(30): 5999-6008.
8. Eichhorn SJ, Sampson WW. Statistical geometry of pores and statistics of porous nanofibrous assemblies. J R Soc Interface, 2005, 2(4): 300-318.
9. Pham QP, Sharma U, Mikos AG. Electrospun poly (epsilon-caprolactone) microfiber and multilayer nanofiber/microfiber scaffolds: characterization of scaffolds and measurement of cellular infiltration. Biomacromolecules, 2006, 7(10): 2796-2805.
10. Rnjak-Kovacina J, Wise SG, Li Z, et al. Tailoring the porosity and pore size of electrospun synthetic human elastin scaffolds for dermal tissue engineering. Biomaterials, 2011, 32(28): 6729-6736.
11. Kwon IK, Kidoaki S, Matsuda T. Electrospun nano- to microfiber fabrics made of biodegradable copolyesters: structural characteristics, mechanical properties and cell adhesion potential. Biomaterials, 2005, 26(18): 3929-3939.
12. Thorvaldsson A, Stenhamre HS, Gatenholm P, et al. Electrospinning of highly porous scaffolds for cartilage regeneration. Biomacromolecules, 2008, 9(3): 1044-1049.
13. Baker SC, Atkin N, Gunning PA, et al. Characterisation of electrospun polystyrene scaffolds for three-dimensional in vitro biological studies. Biomaterials, 2006, 27(16): 3136-3146.
14. Matthews JA, Wnek GE, Simpson DG, et al. Electrospinning of collagen nanofibers. Biomacromolecules, 2002, 3(2): 232-238.
15. Zhu X, Cui W, Li X, et al. Electrospun fibrous mats with high porosity as potential scaffolds for skin tissue engineering. Biomacromolecules, 2008, 9(7): 1795-1801.
16. McClure MJ, Wolfe PS, Simpson DG, et al. The use of air-flow impedance to control fiber deposition patterns during electrospinning. Biomaterials, 2012, 33(3): 771-779.
17. Blakeney BA, Tambralli A, Anderson JM, et al. Cell infiltration and growth in a low density, uncompressed three-dimensional electrospun nanofibrous scaffold. Biomaterials, 2011, 32(6): 1583-1590.
18. Yokoyama Y, Hattori S, Yoshikawa C, et al. Novel wet electrospinning system for fabrication of spongiform nanofiber 3-dimensional fabric. Mater Lett, 2009, 63(9-10): 754-756.
19. Ki CS, Park SY, Kim HJ, et al. Development of 3-d nanofibrous fibroin scaffold with high porosity by electrospinning: implications for bone regeneration. Biotechnol Lett, 2008, 30(3): 405-410.
20. Zhang D, Chang J. Electrospinning of three-dimensional nanofibrous tubes with controllable architectures. Nano Lett, 2008, 8(10): 3283-3287.
21. Vaquette C, Cooper-White JJ. Increasing electrospun scaffold pore size with tailored collectors for improved cell penetration. Acta Biomaterialia, 2011, 7(6): 2544-2557.
22. Lowery JL, Datta N, Rutledge GC. Effect of fiber diameter, pore size and seeding method on growth of human dermal fibroblasts in electrospun poly (epsilon-caprolactone) fibrous mats. Biomaterials, 2010, 31(3): 491-504.
23. Baker BM, Gee AO, Metter RB, et al. The potential to improve cell infiltration in composite fiber-aligned electrospun scaffolds by the selective removal of sacrificial fibers. Biomaterials, 2008, 29(15): 2348-2358.
24. Phipps MC, Clem WC, Grunda JM, et al. Increasing the pore sizes of bone-mimetic electrospun scaffolds comprised of polycaprolactone, collagen I and hydroxyapatite to enhance cell infiltration. Biomaterials, 2012, 33(2): 524-534.
25. Skotak M, Ragusa J, Gonzalez D, et al. Improved cellular infiltration into nanofibrous electrospun cross-linked gelatin scaffolds templated with micrometer-sized polyethylene glycol fibers. Biomed Mater, 2011, 6(5): 055012.
26. Annabi N, Nichol JW, Zhong X, et al. Controlling the porosity and microarchitecture of hydrogels for tissue engineering. Tissue Eng Part B Rev, 2010, 16(4): 371-383.
27. Nam J, Huang Y, Agarwal S, et al. Improved cellular infiltration in electrospun fiber via engineered porosity. Tissue Eng, 2007, 13(9): 2249-2257.
28. Simonet M, Schneider OD, Neuenschwander P, et al. Ultraporous 3D polymer meshes by low-temperature electrospinning: use of ice crystals as a removable void template. Polym Eng Sci, 2007, 47(12): 2020-2026.
29. Leong MF, Rasheed MZ, Lim TC, et al. In vitro cell infiltration and in vivo cell infiltration and vascularization in a fibrous, highly porous poly (D, L-lactide) scaffold fabricated by cryogenic electrospinning technique. J Biomed Mater Res A, 2009, 91(1): 231-240.
30. Lee JB, Jeong SI, Bae MS, et al. Highly porous electrospun nanofibers enhanced by ultrasonication for improved cellular infiltration. Tissue Eng Part A, 2011, 17(21-22): 2695-2702.
31. Choi HW, Johnson JK, Nam J, et al. Structuring electrospun polycaprolactone nanofiber tissue scaffolds by femtosecond laser ablation. J Laser Appl, 2007, 19(4): 225-231.
32. Sundararaghavan HG, Metter RB, Burdick JA. Electrospun fibrous scaffolds with multiscale and photopatterned porosity. Macromol Biosci, 2010, 10(3): 265-270.
33. 朱雷, 吕丹, 孙明林. 不同环境刺激对骨髓间充质干细胞成软骨分化作用的研究进展. 中国矫形外科杂志, 2010, 18(19): 1618-1621.
34. Mahmoudifar N, Doran PM. Chondrogenic differentiation of human adiposederived stem cells in polyglycolic acid mesh scaffolds under dynamic culture conditions. Biomaterials, 2010, 31(14): 3858-3867.
35. Nerurkar NL, Sen S, Baker BM, et al. Dynamic culture enhances stem cell infiltration and modulates extracellular matrix production on aligned electrospun nanofibrous scaffolds. Acta Biomaterialia, 2011, 7(2): 485-491.
36. Kenar H, Kose GT, Toner M, et al. A 3D aligned microfibrous myocardial tissue construct cultured under transient perfusion. Biomaterials, 2011, 32(23): 5320-5329.
37. Stankus JJ, Guan J, Fujimoto K, et al. Microintegrating smooth muscle cells into a biodegradable, elastomeric fiber matrix. Biomaterials, 2006, 27(5): 735-744.
38. Townsend-Nicholson A, Jayasinghe SN. Cell electrospinning: a unique biotechnique for encapsulating living organisms for generating active biological microthreads/scaffolds. Biomacromolecules, 2006, 7(12): 3364-3369.
39. Yang XC, Shah JD, Wang HJ. Nanofiber enabled layer-by-layer approach toward three-dimensional tissue formation. Tissue Eng Part A, 2009, 15(4): 945-956.
40. Park SH, Kim TG, Kim HC, et al. Development of dual scale scaffolds via direct polymer melt deposition and electrospinning for applications in tissue regeneration. Acta Biomater, 2008, 4(5): 1198-1207.

Chinese Journal of Reparative and Reconstructive Surgery

PROGRESS ON CELL INFILTRATION IN ELECTROSPUN SCAFFOLD

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