RESEARCH STATUS OF MECHANICAL STIMULATION OF STEM CELLS DIFFERENTIATION IN STEM CELLS MICROENVIRONMENT_Chinese Journal of Reparative and Reconstructive Surgery

Authors：

 CUIShuangshuang , ZHAOWenjun , YUShunlu , XINGGuosheng , ZHAOFengyi

Orthopaedic Research Institute of Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin, 300211, P. R. China;

Corresponding author：

CUIShuangshuang, Email: cuishuangshuang@gmail.com

Keywords：

Stem cells; Microenvironment; Differentiation in vitro; Mechanical stimulation

DOI：

10.7507/1002-1892.20140022

Video：

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Objective To review the relative researches about mechanical stimulation of stem cells differentiation in stem cells microenvironment in vitro. Methods The recent related literature about stem cells differentiation in vitro was reviewed and summarized. Results The mechanical loads (including shear stress, mechanical strain, and stress), substrates stiffness, substrates nanotopography, and cell shape were the 4 important aspects of mechanical factors regulating stem cells differentiation. The mechanical stimulation can simulate the in vivo microenvironment, which can alter the size, shape, alignment, and differentiation state of stem cells, can change the expression of their differentiation markers, and can affect the lineage commitment of stem cells. Conclusion Mechanical stimulation play an important role in regulating stem cells differentiation and cells morphology in addition to chemical and biological factors.

Citation： CUIShuangshuang, ZHAOWenjun, YUShunlu, XINGGuosheng, ZHAOFengyi. RESEARCH STATUS OF MECHANICAL STIMULATION OF STEM CELLS DIFFERENTIATION IN STEM CELLS MICROENVIRONMENT. Chinese Journal of Reparative and Reconstructive Surgery, 2014, 28(1): 100-104. doi: 10.7507/1002-1892.20140022 Copy

1.	Guilak F, Cohen DM, Estes BT, et al. Control of stem cell fate by physical interactions with the extracellular matrix. Cell Stem Cell, 2009, 5(1):17-26.
2.	Dado D, Sagi M, Levenberg S, et al. Mechanical control of stem cell differentiation. Regen Med, 2012, 7(1):101-116.
3.	Daley WP, Peters SB, Larsen M. Extracellular matrix dynamics in development and regenerative medicine. J Cell Sci, 2008, 121(Pt 3):255-264.
4.	Krieg M, Arboleda-Estudillo Y, Puech PH, et al. Tensile forces govern germ-layer organization in zebrafish. Nat Cell Biol, 2008, 10(4):429-436.
5.	Ghazanfari S, Tafazzoli-Shadpour M, Shokrgozar MA. Effects of cyclic stretch on proliferation of mesenchymal stem cells and their differentiation to smooth muscle cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 2009, 388(3):601-605.
6.	Maul TM, Chew DW, Nieponice A, et al. Mechanical stimuli differentially control stem cell behavior:morphology, proliferation, and differentiation. Biomech Model Mechanobiol, 2011, 10(6):939-953.
7.	Huang H, Nakayama Y, Qin K, et al. Differentiation from embryonic stem cells to vascular wall cells under in vitro pulsatile flow loading. J Artif Organs, 2005, 8(2):110-118.
8.	Dong JD, Gu YG, Li CM, et al. Response of mesenchymal stem cells to shear stress in tissue-engineered vascular grafts. Acta Pharmacol Sin, 2009, 30(5):530-536.
9.	Wang H, Riha GM, Yan S, et al. Shear stress induces endothelial differentiation from a murine embryonic mesenchymal progenitor cell line. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, 2005, 25(9):1817-1823.
10.	Wolfe RP, Ahsan T. Shear stress during early embryonic stem cell promotes hematopoietic and endothelial phenotypes. Biotechnol Bioeng, 2013, 110(4):1231-1242.
11.	Chowdhury F, Na S, Li D, et al. Material properties of the cell dictate stress-induced spreading and differentiation in embryonic stem cells. Nat Mater, 2009, 9(1):82-88.
12.	Ward DF Jr, Salasznyk RM, Klees RF, et al. Mechanical strain enhances extracellular matrix-induced gene focusing and promotes osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells through an extracellular-related kinase-dependent pathway. Stem Cells Dev, 2007, 16(3):467-480.
13.	Kasten A, Müller P, Bulnheim U, et al. Mechanical integrin stress and magnetic forces induce biological responses in mesenchymal stem cells which depend on environmental factors. J Cell Biochem, 2010, 111(6):1586-1597.
14.	McMahon LA, Reid AJ, Campbell VA, et al. Regulatory effects of mechanical strain on the chondrogenic differentiation of MSCs in a collagen-GAG scaffold:experimental and computational analysis. Ann Biomed Eng, 2008, 36(2):185-194.
15.	David V, Guignandon A, Martin A, et al. Ex vivo bone formation in bovine trabecular bone cultured in a dynamic 3D bioreactor is enhanced by compressive mechanical strain. Tissue Eng Part A, 2008, 14(1):117-126.
16.	Sim WY, Park SW, Park SH, et al. A pneumatic micro cell chip for the differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells under mechanical stimulation. Lab Chip, 2007, 7(12):1775-1782.
17.	Duty AO, Oest ME, Guldberg RE. Cyclic mechanical compression increases mineralization of cell-seeded polymer scaffolds in vivo. J Biomech Eng, 2007, 129(4):531-539.
18.	Pelaez D, Charles Huang CY, Cheung HS. Cyclic compression maintains viability and induces chondrogenesis of human mesenchymal stem cells in fibrin gel scaffolds. Stem Cells Dev, 2009, 18(1):93-102.
19.	Kisiday JD, Frisbie DD, McIlwraith CW, et al. Dynamic compression stimulates proteoglycan synthesis by mesenchymal stem cells in the absence of chondrogenic cytokines. Tissue Eng Part A, 2009, 15(10):2817-2824.
20.	Zouani OF, Kalisky J, Ibarboure E, et al. Effect of BMP-2 from matrices of different stiffness for modulation of stem cell fate. Biomaterials, 2013, 34(9):2157-2166.
21.	Engler AJ, Sen S, Sweeney HL, et al. Matrix elasticity directs stem cell lineage specification. Cell, 2006, 126(4):677-689.
22.	Park JS, Chu JS, Tsou AD, et al. The effect of matrix stiffness on the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells in response to TGFbeta. Biomaterials, 2011, 32(16):3921-3930.
23.	Justin RT, Engler AJ. Stiffness gradients mimicking in vivo tissue variation regulate mesenchymal stem cell fate. PLoS One, 2011, 6(1):e15978.
24.	Saha K, Keung AJ, Irwin EF, et al. Substrate modulus directs neural stem cell behavior. Biophys J, 2008, 95(9):4426-4438.
25.	Witkowska-Zimny M, Walenko K, Wałkiewicz AE, et al. Effect of substrate stiffness on differentiation of μmbilical cord stem cells. Acta Biochim Pol, 2012, 59(2):261-264.
26.	Evans ND, Minelli C, Gentleman E, et al. Substrate stiffness affects early differentiation events in embryonic stem cells. Eur Cell Mater, 2009, 18:1-14.
27.	Wang LS, Chung JE, Pui-Yik Chan P, et al. Injectable biodegradable hydrogels with tunable mechanical properties for the stimulation of neurogenesic differentiation of hμman mesenchymal stem cells in 3D culture. Biomaterials, 2010, 31(6):1148-1157.
28.	Pek YS, Wan AC, Ying JY. The effect of matrix stiffness on mesenchymal stem cell differentiation in a 3D thixotropic gel. Biomaterials, 2010, 31(3):385-391.
29.	Skardal A, Mack D, Atala A, et al. Substrate elasticity controls cell proliferation, surface marker expression and motile phenotype in amniotic fluid-derived stem cells. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater, 2013, 17:307-316.
30.	Oh S, Brammer KS, Li YJ, et al. Stem cell fate dictated solely by altered nanotube dimension. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 2009, 106(7):2130-2135.
31.	Migliorini E, Grenci G, Ban J, et al. Acceleration of neuronal precursors differentiation induced by substrate nanotopography. Biotechnol Bioeng, 2011, 108(11):2736-2746.
32.	Christopherson GT, Song H, Mao HQ. The influence of fiber diameter of electrospun substrates on neural stem cell differentiation and proliferation. Biomaterials, 2009, 30(4):556-564.
33.	Engler AJ, Sen S, Sweeney HL, et al. Matrix elasticity directs stem cell lineage specification. Cell, 2006, 126(4):677-689.
34.	Fu J, Wang YK, Yang MT, et al. Mechanical regulation of cell function with geometrically modulated elastomeric substrates. Nature methods, 2010, 7(9):733-736.
35.	Nam J, Johnson J, Lannutti JJ, et al. Modulation of embryonic mesenchymal progenitor cell differentiation via control over pure mechanical modulus in electrospun nanofibers. Acta Biomater, 2011, 7(4):1516-1524.
36.	Migliorini E, Ban J, Grenci G, et al. Nanomechanics controls neuronal precursors adhension and differentiation. Biotechnol Bioeng, 2013, 110(8):2301-2310.
37.	Dang JM, Leong KW. Myogenic induction of aligned mesenchymal stem cell sheets by culture on thermally responsive electrospun nanofibers. Adv Mater, 2007, 19(19):2775-2779.
38.	Kishore V, Bullock W, Sun X, et al. Tenogenic differentiation of human MSCs induced by the topography of electrochemically aligned collagen threads. Biomaterials, 2012, 33(7):2137-2144.
39.	Ainsworth C. Cell biology:Stretching the imagination. Nature, 2008, 456(7223):696-699.
40.	McBeath R, Pirone DM, Nelson CM, et al. Cell shape, cytoskeletal tension, and RhoA regulate stem cell lineage commitment. Dev Cell, 2004, 6(4):483-495.
41.	Zhang D, Kilian KA. The effect of mesenchymal stem cell shape on the maintenance of multipotency. Biomaterials, 2013, 34(16):3962-3969.
42.	Gao L, McBeath R, Chen CS, et al. Stem cell shape regulates a chondrogenic versus myogenic fate through Rac1 and N-cadherin. Stem Cells, 2010, 28(3):564-572.

1. Guilak F, Cohen DM, Estes BT, et al. Control of stem cell fate by physical interactions with the extracellular matrix. Cell Stem Cell, 2009, 5(1):17-26.
2. Dado D, Sagi M, Levenberg S, et al. Mechanical control of stem cell differentiation. Regen Med, 2012, 7(1):101-116.
3. Daley WP, Peters SB, Larsen M. Extracellular matrix dynamics in development and regenerative medicine. J Cell Sci, 2008, 121(Pt 3):255-264.
4. Krieg M, Arboleda-Estudillo Y, Puech PH, et al. Tensile forces govern germ-layer organization in zebrafish. Nat Cell Biol, 2008, 10(4):429-436.
5. Ghazanfari S, Tafazzoli-Shadpour M, Shokrgozar MA. Effects of cyclic stretch on proliferation of mesenchymal stem cells and their differentiation to smooth muscle cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 2009, 388(3):601-605.
6. Maul TM, Chew DW, Nieponice A, et al. Mechanical stimuli differentially control stem cell behavior:morphology, proliferation, and differentiation. Biomech Model Mechanobiol, 2011, 10(6):939-953.
7. Huang H, Nakayama Y, Qin K, et al. Differentiation from embryonic stem cells to vascular wall cells under in vitro pulsatile flow loading. J Artif Organs, 2005, 8(2):110-118.
8. Dong JD, Gu YG, Li CM, et al. Response of mesenchymal stem cells to shear stress in tissue-engineered vascular grafts. Acta Pharmacol Sin, 2009, 30(5):530-536.
9. Wang H, Riha GM, Yan S, et al. Shear stress induces endothelial differentiation from a murine embryonic mesenchymal progenitor cell line. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, 2005, 25(9):1817-1823.
10. Wolfe RP, Ahsan T. Shear stress during early embryonic stem cell promotes hematopoietic and endothelial phenotypes. Biotechnol Bioeng, 2013, 110(4):1231-1242.
11. Chowdhury F, Na S, Li D, et al. Material properties of the cell dictate stress-induced spreading and differentiation in embryonic stem cells. Nat Mater, 2009, 9(1):82-88.
12. Ward DF Jr, Salasznyk RM, Klees RF, et al. Mechanical strain enhances extracellular matrix-induced gene focusing and promotes osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells through an extracellular-related kinase-dependent pathway. Stem Cells Dev, 2007, 16(3):467-480.
13. Kasten A, Müller P, Bulnheim U, et al. Mechanical integrin stress and magnetic forces induce biological responses in mesenchymal stem cells which depend on environmental factors. J Cell Biochem, 2010, 111(6):1586-1597.
14. McMahon LA, Reid AJ, Campbell VA, et al. Regulatory effects of mechanical strain on the chondrogenic differentiation of MSCs in a collagen-GAG scaffold:experimental and computational analysis. Ann Biomed Eng, 2008, 36(2):185-194.
15. David V, Guignandon A, Martin A, et al. Ex vivo bone formation in bovine trabecular bone cultured in a dynamic 3D bioreactor is enhanced by compressive mechanical strain. Tissue Eng Part A, 2008, 14(1):117-126.
16. Sim WY, Park SW, Park SH, et al. A pneumatic micro cell chip for the differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells under mechanical stimulation. Lab Chip, 2007, 7(12):1775-1782.
17. Duty AO, Oest ME, Guldberg RE. Cyclic mechanical compression increases mineralization of cell-seeded polymer scaffolds in vivo. J Biomech Eng, 2007, 129(4):531-539.
18. Pelaez D, Charles Huang CY, Cheung HS. Cyclic compression maintains viability and induces chondrogenesis of human mesenchymal stem cells in fibrin gel scaffolds. Stem Cells Dev, 2009, 18(1):93-102.
19. Kisiday JD, Frisbie DD, McIlwraith CW, et al. Dynamic compression stimulates proteoglycan synthesis by mesenchymal stem cells in the absence of chondrogenic cytokines. Tissue Eng Part A, 2009, 15(10):2817-2824.
20. Zouani OF, Kalisky J, Ibarboure E, et al. Effect of BMP-2 from matrices of different stiffness for modulation of stem cell fate. Biomaterials, 2013, 34(9):2157-2166.
21. Engler AJ, Sen S, Sweeney HL, et al. Matrix elasticity directs stem cell lineage specification. Cell, 2006, 126(4):677-689.
22. Park JS, Chu JS, Tsou AD, et al. The effect of matrix stiffness on the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells in response to TGFbeta. Biomaterials, 2011, 32(16):3921-3930.
23. Justin RT, Engler AJ. Stiffness gradients mimicking in vivo tissue variation regulate mesenchymal stem cell fate. PLoS One, 2011, 6(1):e15978.
24. Saha K, Keung AJ, Irwin EF, et al. Substrate modulus directs neural stem cell behavior. Biophys J, 2008, 95(9):4426-4438.
25. Witkowska-Zimny M, Walenko K, Wałkiewicz AE, et al. Effect of substrate stiffness on differentiation of μmbilical cord stem cells. Acta Biochim Pol, 2012, 59(2):261-264.
26. Evans ND, Minelli C, Gentleman E, et al. Substrate stiffness affects early differentiation events in embryonic stem cells. Eur Cell Mater, 2009, 18:1-14.
27. Wang LS, Chung JE, Pui-Yik Chan P, et al. Injectable biodegradable hydrogels with tunable mechanical properties for the stimulation of neurogenesic differentiation of hμman mesenchymal stem cells in 3D culture. Biomaterials, 2010, 31(6):1148-1157.
28. Pek YS, Wan AC, Ying JY. The effect of matrix stiffness on mesenchymal stem cell differentiation in a 3D thixotropic gel. Biomaterials, 2010, 31(3):385-391.
29. Skardal A, Mack D, Atala A, et al. Substrate elasticity controls cell proliferation, surface marker expression and motile phenotype in amniotic fluid-derived stem cells. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater, 2013, 17:307-316.
30. Oh S, Brammer KS, Li YJ, et al. Stem cell fate dictated solely by altered nanotube dimension. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 2009, 106(7):2130-2135.
31. Migliorini E, Grenci G, Ban J, et al. Acceleration of neuronal precursors differentiation induced by substrate nanotopography. Biotechnol Bioeng, 2011, 108(11):2736-2746.
32. Christopherson GT, Song H, Mao HQ. The influence of fiber diameter of electrospun substrates on neural stem cell differentiation and proliferation. Biomaterials, 2009, 30(4):556-564.
33. Engler AJ, Sen S, Sweeney HL, et al. Matrix elasticity directs stem cell lineage specification. Cell, 2006, 126(4):677-689.
34. Fu J, Wang YK, Yang MT, et al. Mechanical regulation of cell function with geometrically modulated elastomeric substrates. Nature methods, 2010, 7(9):733-736.
35. Nam J, Johnson J, Lannutti JJ, et al. Modulation of embryonic mesenchymal progenitor cell differentiation via control over pure mechanical modulus in electrospun nanofibers. Acta Biomater, 2011, 7(4):1516-1524.
36. Migliorini E, Ban J, Grenci G, et al. Nanomechanics controls neuronal precursors adhension and differentiation. Biotechnol Bioeng, 2013, 110(8):2301-2310.
37. Dang JM, Leong KW. Myogenic induction of aligned mesenchymal stem cell sheets by culture on thermally responsive electrospun nanofibers. Adv Mater, 2007, 19(19):2775-2779.
38. Kishore V, Bullock W, Sun X, et al. Tenogenic differentiation of human MSCs induced by the topography of electrochemically aligned collagen threads. Biomaterials, 2012, 33(7):2137-2144.
39. Ainsworth C. Cell biology:Stretching the imagination. Nature, 2008, 456(7223):696-699.
40. McBeath R, Pirone DM, Nelson CM, et al. Cell shape, cytoskeletal tension, and RhoA regulate stem cell lineage commitment. Dev Cell, 2004, 6(4):483-495.
41. Zhang D, Kilian KA. The effect of mesenchymal stem cell shape on the maintenance of multipotency. Biomaterials, 2013, 34(16):3962-3969.
42. Gao L, McBeath R, Chen CS, et al. Stem cell shape regulates a chondrogenic versus myogenic fate through Rac1 and N-cadherin. Stem Cells, 2010, 28(3):564-572.

Chinese Journal of Reparative and Reconstructive Surgery

RESEARCH STATUS OF MECHANICAL STIMULATION OF STEM CELLS DIFFERENTIATION IN STEM CELLS MICROENVIRONMENT

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