RESEARCH OF DEEP VENOUS THROMBOSIS STAGE BY COMPARING LENGTH AND WEIGHT OF RAT INFERIOR VENA CAVA THROMBUS_Chinese Journal of Reparative and Reconstructive Surgery

Authors：

BAIYuncheng , ZHAOXueling ,  ZHOURudan , ZHOUZhihua , WUXuemei

Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming Yunnan, 650032, P. R. China;

Corresponding author：

ZHOURudan, Email: kittypku@qq.com

Keywords：

Venous thrombosis; Vascular biology; Animal model; Rat

DOI：

10.7507/1002-1892.20140114

Video：

Export PDF Favorites Scan Get Citation

Abstract Full text Figures/Tables Video References Cited by

Objective To understand the initiation, maturing, and resolution of thrombus by comparing the length and weight of thrombus at different time in the rat inferior vena cava (IVC) stenosis model. Methods Forty-eight female Sprague Dawley rats, weighing 180-230 g, were selected to prepare the IVC stenosis model by blocking the most of the IVC blood flow. The length and weight of IVC thrombus were measured at different time points, the histological features were observed via HE staining. Results Blood clots formed after 2 hours of modeling, the thrombus length and weight showed no significant difference between at 2 hours and 4 hours after modeling (P>0.05). The thrombus length and weight increased significantly at 6 hours, showing significant differences between at 2 and 4 hours and at 6, 8, 12, 24, and 48 hours (P<0.05); and from 6 to 48 hours, there was no significant difference in the thrombus length and weight (P>0.05), indicating that thrombus was stable, or maturing. Blood clots began to become smaller after 3 days when compared with ones at 48 hours (P<0.05), indicating the start of resolution at 3 days. At 7 days, the thrombus length and weight became further smaller when compared with ones at 3 days (P<0.05). The thrombus completely subsided at 21 days, the IVC recanalized. HE staining showed that thrombus formed after 2 hours of modeling; from 6 to 48 hours, the lumen became hyperemia, and the inflammatory cells, especially neutrophils, could be found. The organization of thrombus could be observed at 3 days and 7 days; thrombus gradually vanished at 21 days. Conclusion The time of thrombus initiation, maturing stage, and resolution stage is 6 hours, 6 to 48 hours, and 3 to 21 days after modeling, respectively.

Citation： BAIYuncheng, ZHAOXueling, ZHOURudan, ZHOUZhihua, WUXuemei. RESEARCH OF DEEP VENOUS THROMBOSIS STAGE BY COMPARING LENGTH AND WEIGHT OF RAT INFERIOR VENA CAVA THROMBUS. Chinese Journal of Reparative and Reconstructive Surgery, 2014, 28(4): 507-510. doi: 10.7507/1002-1892.20140114 Copy

1.	Vandy FC, Stabler C, Eliassen AM, et al. Soluble P-selectin for the diagnosis of lower extremity deep venous thrombosis. J Vasc Surg Venous Lymphat Disord, 2013, 1(2):1117-1125.
2.	Raskob GE, Silverstein R, Bratzler DW, et al. Surveillance for deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism:recommendations from a national workshop. Am J Prev Med, 2010, 38(4 Suppl):S502-509.
3.	Meier TR, Myers DD Jr, Wrobleski SK, et al. Prophylactic P-selectin inhibition with PSI-421 promotes resolution of venous thrombosis without anticoagulation. Thromb Haemost, 2008, 99(2):343-351.
4.	Brill A, Fuchs TA, Chauhan AK, et al. von Willebrand factor-mediated platelet adhesion is critical for deep vein thrombosis in mouse models. Blood, 2011, 117(4):1400-1407.
5.	Owens AP 3rd, Mackman N. Tissue factor and thrombosis:The clot starts here. Thromb Haemost, 2010, 104(3):432-439.
6.	Brill A, Fuchs TA, Savchenko AS, et al. Neutrophil extracellular traps promote deep vein thrombosis in mice. J Thromb Haemost, 2012, 10(1):136-144.
7.	Li YD, Ye BQ, Zheng SX, et al. NF-kappaB transcription factor p50 critically regulates tissue factor in deep vein thrombosis. J Biol Chem, 2009, 284(7):4473-4483.
8.	Deatrick KB, Obi A, Luke CE, et al. Matrix metalloproteinase-9 deletion is associated with decreased mid-term vein wall fibrosis in experimental stasis DVT. Thromb Res, 2013, 132(3):360-366.
9.	刘海平, 赵学凌, 吴雪梅, 等. 巨噬细胞炎性蛋白1α在小鼠深静脉血栓模型中的表达及其意义. 重庆医学, 2013, 42(4):367-372.
10.	Diaz JA, Hawley AE, Alvarado CM, et al. Thrombogenesis with continuous blood flow in the inferior vena cava:a novel mouse model. Thromb Haemost, 2010, 104(2):366-375.
11.	Diaz JA, Alvarado CM, Wrobleski SK, et al. The electrolytic inferior vena cava model (EIM) to study thrombogenesis and thrombus resolution with continuous blood flow in the mouse. Thromb Haemost, 2013, 109(6):1158-1169.
12.	Reitsma PH, Versteeg HH, Middeldorp S. Mechanistic view of risk factors for venous thromboembolism. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, 2012, 32(3):563-568.
13.	Brooks EG, Trotman W, Wadsworth MP, et al. Valves of the deep venoussystem:an overlooked risk factor. Blood, 2009, 114(6):1276-1279.
14.	Bovill EG, van der Vliet A. Venous valvular stasis associated hypoxia and thrombosis:what is the link? Annu Rev Physiol, 2011, 73(2):527-545.
15.	Zhou J, May L, Liao P, et al. Inferior vena cava ligation rapidly induces tissue factor expression and venous thrombosis in rats. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, 2009, 29(6):863-869.
16.	Diaz JA, Obi AT, Myers DD Jr, et al. Critical review of mouse models of venous thrombosis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, 2012, 32(3):556-562.
17.	Mackman N. New insights into the mechanisms of venous thrombosis. J Clin Invest, 2012, 122(7):2331-2336.
18.	von Brühl ML, Stark K, Steinhart A, et al. Monocytes, neutrophils, and platelets cooperate to initiate and propagate venous thrombosis in mice in vivo. J Exp Med, 2012, 209(4):819-835.

1. Vandy FC, Stabler C, Eliassen AM, et al. Soluble P-selectin for the diagnosis of lower extremity deep venous thrombosis. J Vasc Surg Venous Lymphat Disord, 2013, 1(2):1117-1125.
2. Raskob GE, Silverstein R, Bratzler DW, et al. Surveillance for deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism:recommendations from a national workshop. Am J Prev Med, 2010, 38(4 Suppl):S502-509.
3. Meier TR, Myers DD Jr, Wrobleski SK, et al. Prophylactic P-selectin inhibition with PSI-421 promotes resolution of venous thrombosis without anticoagulation. Thromb Haemost, 2008, 99(2):343-351.
4. Brill A, Fuchs TA, Chauhan AK, et al. von Willebrand factor-mediated platelet adhesion is critical for deep vein thrombosis in mouse models. Blood, 2011, 117(4):1400-1407.
5. Owens AP 3rd, Mackman N. Tissue factor and thrombosis:The clot starts here. Thromb Haemost, 2010, 104(3):432-439.
6. Brill A, Fuchs TA, Savchenko AS, et al. Neutrophil extracellular traps promote deep vein thrombosis in mice. J Thromb Haemost, 2012, 10(1):136-144.
7. Li YD, Ye BQ, Zheng SX, et al. NF-kappaB transcription factor p50 critically regulates tissue factor in deep vein thrombosis. J Biol Chem, 2009, 284(7):4473-4483.
8. Deatrick KB, Obi A, Luke CE, et al. Matrix metalloproteinase-9 deletion is associated with decreased mid-term vein wall fibrosis in experimental stasis DVT. Thromb Res, 2013, 132(3):360-366.
9. 刘海平, 赵学凌, 吴雪梅, 等. 巨噬细胞炎性蛋白1α在小鼠深静脉血栓模型中的表达及其意义. 重庆医学, 2013, 42(4):367-372.
10. Diaz JA, Hawley AE, Alvarado CM, et al. Thrombogenesis with continuous blood flow in the inferior vena cava:a novel mouse model. Thromb Haemost, 2010, 104(2):366-375.
11. Diaz JA, Alvarado CM, Wrobleski SK, et al. The electrolytic inferior vena cava model (EIM) to study thrombogenesis and thrombus resolution with continuous blood flow in the mouse. Thromb Haemost, 2013, 109(6):1158-1169.
12. Reitsma PH, Versteeg HH, Middeldorp S. Mechanistic view of risk factors for venous thromboembolism. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, 2012, 32(3):563-568.
13. Brooks EG, Trotman W, Wadsworth MP, et al. Valves of the deep venoussystem:an overlooked risk factor. Blood, 2009, 114(6):1276-1279.
14. Bovill EG, van der Vliet A. Venous valvular stasis associated hypoxia and thrombosis:what is the link? Annu Rev Physiol, 2011, 73(2):527-545.
15. Zhou J, May L, Liao P, et al. Inferior vena cava ligation rapidly induces tissue factor expression and venous thrombosis in rats. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, 2009, 29(6):863-869.
16. Diaz JA, Obi AT, Myers DD Jr, et al. Critical review of mouse models of venous thrombosis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, 2012, 32(3):556-562.
17. Mackman N. New insights into the mechanisms of venous thrombosis. J Clin Invest, 2012, 122(7):2331-2336.
18. von Brühl ML, Stark K, Steinhart A, et al. Monocytes, neutrophils, and platelets cooperate to initiate and propagate venous thrombosis in mice in vivo. J Exp Med, 2012, 209(4):819-835.

Chinese Journal of Reparative and Reconstructive Surgery

RESEARCH OF DEEP VENOUS THROMBOSIS STAGE BY COMPARING LENGTH AND WEIGHT OF RAT INFERIOR VENA CAVA THROMBUS

Abstract Full text Figures/Tables Video References Cited by

Previous Article

Next Article

Format

Content