RESEARCH PROGRESS OF BIOMECHANICS OF PROXIMAL ROW CARPAL INSTABILITY_Chinese Journal of Reparative and Reconstructive Surgery

Authors：

GUOJinhai ,  HUANGFuguo

Department of Orthopaedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu Sichuan, 610041, P. R. China;

Corresponding author：

HUANGFuguo, Email: huang-f-g@163.com

Keywords：

Proximal row carpal instability; Biomechanics; Repair and reconstruction

DOI：

10.7507/1002-1892.20150022

Video：

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Objective To review the research progress of the biomechanics of proximal row carpal instability (IPRC). Methods The related literature concerning IPRC was extensively reviewed. The biomechanical mechanism of the surrounding soft tissue in maintaining the stability of the proximal row carpal (PRC) was analyzed, and the methods to repair or reconstruct the stability and function of the PRC were summarized from two aspects including basic biomechanics and clinical biomechanics. Results The muscles and ligaments of the PRC are critical to its stability. Most scholars have reached a consensus about biomechanical mechanism of the PRC, but there are still controversial conclusions on the biomechanics mechanism of the surrounding soft tissue to stability of distal radioulnar joint when the triangular fibrocartilage complex are damaged and the biomechanics mechanism of the scapholunate ligament. At present, there is no unified standard about the methods to repair or reconstruct the stability and function of the PRC. So, it is difficult for clinical practice. Conclusion Some strides have been made in the basic biomechanical study on muscle and ligament and clinical biomechanical study on the methods to repair or reconstruct the stability and function of PRC, but it will be needed to further study the morphology of carpal articular surface and the adjacent articular surface, the pressure of distal carpals to proximal carpal and so on.

Citation： GUOJinhai, HUANGFuguo. RESEARCH PROGRESS OF BIOMECHANICS OF PROXIMAL ROW CARPAL INSTABILITY. Chinese Journal of Reparative and Reconstructive Surgery, 2015, 29(1): 108-112. doi: 10.7507/1002-1892.20150022 Copy

1.	Chen YR, Tang JB. Changes in contact site of the radiocarpal joint and lengths of the carpal ligaments in forearm rotation:an in vivo study. J Hand Surg (Am), 2013, 38(4):712-720.
2.	Zumstein MA, Hasan AP, McGuire DT, et al. Distal radius attachments of the radiocarpal ligaments:an anatomical study. J Wrist Surg, 2013, 2(4):346-350.
3.	Tang JB, Chen YR. In vivo changes in contact regions of the radiocarpal joint during wrist hyperextension. J Hand Surg (Am), 2012, 37(11):2257-2262.
4.	Rainbow MJ, Kamal RN, Leventhal E, et al. In vivo kinematics of the scaphoid, lunate, capitate, and third metacarpal in extreme wrist flexion and extension. J Hand Surg (Am), 2013, 38(2):278-288.
5.	Erhart S, Schmoelz W, Arora R, et al. The biomechanical effects of a deepened articular cavity during dynamic motion of the wrist joint. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon), 2012, 27(6):557-561.
6.	Maschke SD, Means KR Jr, Parks BG, et al. A radiocarpal ligament reconstruction using brachioradialis for secondary ulnar translation of the carpus following radiocarpal dislocation:a cadaver study. J Hand Surg (Am), 2010, 35(2):256-261.
7.	Gíslason MK, Stansfield B, Bransby-Zachary M, et al. Load transfer through the radiocarpal joint and the effects of partial wrist arthrodesis on carpal bone behaviour:a finite element study. J Hand Surg Eur Vol, 2012, 37(9):871-878.
8.	朱跃良, 徐永清, 汪新民, 等. 近排腕骨切除术后桡腕关节的解剖学及生物力学变化. 实用手外科杂志, 2008, 22(1):38-39.
9.	Tang P, Wei DH, Ueba H, et al. Scaphoid excision and 4-bone arthrodesis versus proximal row carpectomy:a comparison of contact biomechanics. J Hand Surg (Am), 2012, 37(9):1861-1867.
10.	Lees VC. Functional anatomy of the distal radioulnar joint in health and disease. Ann R Coll Surg Engl, 2013, 95(3):163-170.
11.	Kataoka T, Moritomo H, Omokawa S, et al. Ulnar variance:its relationship to ulnar foveal morphology and forearm kinematics. J Hand Surg (Am), 2012, 37(4):729-735.
12.	Moritomo H. The distal interosseous membrane:current concepts in wrist anatomy and biomechanics. J Hand Surg (Am), 2012, 37(7):1501-1507.
13.	Kitamura T, Moritomo H, Arimitsu S, et al. The biomechanical effect of the distal interosseous membrane on distal radioulnar joint stability:a preliminary anatomic study. J Hand Surg (Am), 2011, 36(10):1626-1630.
14.	Arimitsu S, Moritomo H, Kitamura T, et al. The stabilizing effect of the distal interosseous membrane on the distal radioulnar joint in an ulnar shortening procedure:a biomechanical study. J Bone Joint Surg (Am), 2011, 93(21):2022-2030.
15.	Omori S, Moritomo H, Murase T, et al. Changes in length of the radioulnar ligament and distal oblique bundle after Colles' fracture. J Plast Surg Hand Surg, 2013, 47(5):409-414.
16.	Iida A, Omokawa S, Moritomo H, et al. Biomechanical study of the extensor carpi ulnaris as a dynamic wrist stabilizer. J Hand Surg (Am), 2012, 37(12):2456-2461.
17.	Kalson NS, Malone PS, Bradley RS, et al. Fibre bundles in the human extensor carpi ulnaris tendon are arranged in a spiral. J Hand Surg Eur Vol, 2012, 37(6):550-554.
18.	Jones CW, Lawson RD. One size does not fit all:distal radioulnar joint dysfunction after volar locking plate fixation. J Wrist Surg, 2014, 3(1):42-45.
19.	Saito T, Nakamura T, Nagura T, et al. The effects of dorsally angulated distal radius fractures on distal radioulnar joint stability:a biomechanical study. J Hand Surg Eur Vol, 2013, 38(7):739-745.
20.	Greenberg JA, Werner FW, Smith JM. Biomechanical analysis of the distal metaphyseal ulnar shortening osteotomy. J Hand Surg (Am), 2013, 38(10):1919-1924.
21.	Jones CM, Kam CC, Ouellette EA, et al. Comparison of 2 forearm reconstructions for longitudinal radioulnar dissociation:a cadaver study. J Hand Surg (Am), 2012, 37(4):741-747.
22.	Kataoka T, Moritomo H, Omokawa S, et al. Palmar reconstruction of the triangular fibrocartilage complex for instability of the distal radioulnar joint:a biomechanical study. J Hand Surg Eur Vol, 2013, 38(5):515-522.
23.	姜宗圆, 夏江, 马涛, 等. 关节外固定术治疗慢性下尺桡关节背侧不稳定. 中国修复重建外科杂志, 2014, 28(2):209-212.
24.	Sobczak S, Rotsaert P, Vancabeke M, et al. Effects of proximal row carpectomy on wrist biomechanics:a cadaveric study. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon), 2011, 26(7):718-724.
25.	Patterson RM, Yazaki N, Andersen CR, et al. Prediction of ligament length and carpal diastasis during wrist flexion-extension and after simulated scapholunate instability. J Hand Surg (Am), 2013, 38(3):509-518.
26.	Nikolopoulos FV, Apergis EP, Poulilios AD, et al. Biomechanical properties of the scapholunate ligament and the importance of its portions in the capitate intrusion injury. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon), 2011, 26(8):819-823.
27.	Lee SK, Park J, Baskies M, et al. Differential strain of the axially loaded scapholunate interosseus ligament. J Hand Surg (Am), 2010, 35(2):245-251.
28.	Omori S, Moritomo H, Omokawa S, et al. In vivo 3-dimensional analysis of dorsal intercalated segment instability deformity secondary to scapholunate dissociation:a preliminary report. J Hand Surg(Am), 2013, 38(7):1346-1355.
29.	Lee SK, Zlotolow DA, Sapienza A, et al. Biomechanical comparison of 3 methods of scapholunate ligament reconstruction. J Hand Surg (Am), 2014, 39(4):643-650.
30.	Endress R, Woon CY, Farnebo SJ, et al. Tissue-engineered collateral ligament composite allografts for scapholunate ligament reconstruction:an experimental study. J Hand Surg (Am), 2012, 37(8):1529-1537.
31.	Ehsan A, Lee DG, Bakker AJ, et al. Scapholunate ligament reconstruction using an acellular dermal matrix:a mechanical study. J Hand Surg (Am), 2012, 37(8):1538-1542.
32.	Jakubietz MG, Zahn R, Gruenert JG, et al. Kirschner wire fixations for scapholunate dissociation:a cadaveric, biomechanical study. J Orthop Surg (Hong Kong), 2012, 20(2):224-229.
33.	Short WH, Werner FW, Sutton LG. Dynamic biomechanical evaluation of the dorsal intercarpal ligament repair for scapholunate instability. J Hand Surg (Am), 2009, 34(4):652-659.
34.	韩利军. 手舟月骨间韧带和月三角骨间韧带的解剖学特点. 中国组织工程研究与临床康复, 2009, 13(37):7318-7321.
35.	Avrahami D. Lunotriquetral instability in a climber-case report and review. J Can Chiropr Assoc, 2010, 54(4):257-263.
36.	León-Lopez MM, Salvà-Coll G, Garcia-Elias M, et al. Role of the extensor carpi ulnaris in the stabilization of the lunotriquetral joint. An experimental study. J Hand Ther, 2013, 26(4):312-317.
37.	Mirza A, Mirza JB, Shin AY, et al. Isolated lunotriquetral ligament tears treated with ulnar shortening osteotomy. J Hand Surg (Am), 2013, 38(8):1492-1497.
38.	Omokawa S, Fujitani R, Inada Y. Dorsal radiocarpal ligament capsulodesis for chronic dynamic lunotriquetral instability. J Hand Surg (Am), 2009, 34(2):237-243.

1. Chen YR, Tang JB. Changes in contact site of the radiocarpal joint and lengths of the carpal ligaments in forearm rotation:an in vivo study. J Hand Surg (Am), 2013, 38(4):712-720.
2. Zumstein MA, Hasan AP, McGuire DT, et al. Distal radius attachments of the radiocarpal ligaments:an anatomical study. J Wrist Surg, 2013, 2(4):346-350.
3. Tang JB, Chen YR. In vivo changes in contact regions of the radiocarpal joint during wrist hyperextension. J Hand Surg (Am), 2012, 37(11):2257-2262.
4. Rainbow MJ, Kamal RN, Leventhal E, et al. In vivo kinematics of the scaphoid, lunate, capitate, and third metacarpal in extreme wrist flexion and extension. J Hand Surg (Am), 2013, 38(2):278-288.
5. Erhart S, Schmoelz W, Arora R, et al. The biomechanical effects of a deepened articular cavity during dynamic motion of the wrist joint. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon), 2012, 27(6):557-561.
6. Maschke SD, Means KR Jr, Parks BG, et al. A radiocarpal ligament reconstruction using brachioradialis for secondary ulnar translation of the carpus following radiocarpal dislocation:a cadaver study. J Hand Surg (Am), 2010, 35(2):256-261.
7. Gíslason MK, Stansfield B, Bransby-Zachary M, et al. Load transfer through the radiocarpal joint and the effects of partial wrist arthrodesis on carpal bone behaviour:a finite element study. J Hand Surg Eur Vol, 2012, 37(9):871-878.
8. 朱跃良, 徐永清, 汪新民, 等. 近排腕骨切除术后桡腕关节的解剖学及生物力学变化. 实用手外科杂志, 2008, 22(1):38-39.
9. Tang P, Wei DH, Ueba H, et al. Scaphoid excision and 4-bone arthrodesis versus proximal row carpectomy:a comparison of contact biomechanics. J Hand Surg (Am), 2012, 37(9):1861-1867.
10. Lees VC. Functional anatomy of the distal radioulnar joint in health and disease. Ann R Coll Surg Engl, 2013, 95(3):163-170.
11. Kataoka T, Moritomo H, Omokawa S, et al. Ulnar variance:its relationship to ulnar foveal morphology and forearm kinematics. J Hand Surg (Am), 2012, 37(4):729-735.
12. Moritomo H. The distal interosseous membrane:current concepts in wrist anatomy and biomechanics. J Hand Surg (Am), 2012, 37(7):1501-1507.
13. Kitamura T, Moritomo H, Arimitsu S, et al. The biomechanical effect of the distal interosseous membrane on distal radioulnar joint stability:a preliminary anatomic study. J Hand Surg (Am), 2011, 36(10):1626-1630.
14. Arimitsu S, Moritomo H, Kitamura T, et al. The stabilizing effect of the distal interosseous membrane on the distal radioulnar joint in an ulnar shortening procedure:a biomechanical study. J Bone Joint Surg (Am), 2011, 93(21):2022-2030.
15. Omori S, Moritomo H, Murase T, et al. Changes in length of the radioulnar ligament and distal oblique bundle after Colles' fracture. J Plast Surg Hand Surg, 2013, 47(5):409-414.
16. Iida A, Omokawa S, Moritomo H, et al. Biomechanical study of the extensor carpi ulnaris as a dynamic wrist stabilizer. J Hand Surg (Am), 2012, 37(12):2456-2461.
17. Kalson NS, Malone PS, Bradley RS, et al. Fibre bundles in the human extensor carpi ulnaris tendon are arranged in a spiral. J Hand Surg Eur Vol, 2012, 37(6):550-554.
18. Jones CW, Lawson RD. One size does not fit all:distal radioulnar joint dysfunction after volar locking plate fixation. J Wrist Surg, 2014, 3(1):42-45.
19. Saito T, Nakamura T, Nagura T, et al. The effects of dorsally angulated distal radius fractures on distal radioulnar joint stability:a biomechanical study. J Hand Surg Eur Vol, 2013, 38(7):739-745.
20. Greenberg JA, Werner FW, Smith JM. Biomechanical analysis of the distal metaphyseal ulnar shortening osteotomy. J Hand Surg (Am), 2013, 38(10):1919-1924.
21. Jones CM, Kam CC, Ouellette EA, et al. Comparison of 2 forearm reconstructions for longitudinal radioulnar dissociation:a cadaver study. J Hand Surg (Am), 2012, 37(4):741-747.
22. Kataoka T, Moritomo H, Omokawa S, et al. Palmar reconstruction of the triangular fibrocartilage complex for instability of the distal radioulnar joint:a biomechanical study. J Hand Surg Eur Vol, 2013, 38(5):515-522.
23. 姜宗圆, 夏江, 马涛, 等. 关节外固定术治疗慢性下尺桡关节背侧不稳定. 中国修复重建外科杂志, 2014, 28(2):209-212.
24. Sobczak S, Rotsaert P, Vancabeke M, et al. Effects of proximal row carpectomy on wrist biomechanics:a cadaveric study. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon), 2011, 26(7):718-724.
25. Patterson RM, Yazaki N, Andersen CR, et al. Prediction of ligament length and carpal diastasis during wrist flexion-extension and after simulated scapholunate instability. J Hand Surg (Am), 2013, 38(3):509-518.
26. Nikolopoulos FV, Apergis EP, Poulilios AD, et al. Biomechanical properties of the scapholunate ligament and the importance of its portions in the capitate intrusion injury. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon), 2011, 26(8):819-823.
27. Lee SK, Park J, Baskies M, et al. Differential strain of the axially loaded scapholunate interosseus ligament. J Hand Surg (Am), 2010, 35(2):245-251.
28. Omori S, Moritomo H, Omokawa S, et al. In vivo 3-dimensional analysis of dorsal intercalated segment instability deformity secondary to scapholunate dissociation:a preliminary report. J Hand Surg(Am), 2013, 38(7):1346-1355.
29. Lee SK, Zlotolow DA, Sapienza A, et al. Biomechanical comparison of 3 methods of scapholunate ligament reconstruction. J Hand Surg (Am), 2014, 39(4):643-650.
30. Endress R, Woon CY, Farnebo SJ, et al. Tissue-engineered collateral ligament composite allografts for scapholunate ligament reconstruction:an experimental study. J Hand Surg (Am), 2012, 37(8):1529-1537.
31. Ehsan A, Lee DG, Bakker AJ, et al. Scapholunate ligament reconstruction using an acellular dermal matrix:a mechanical study. J Hand Surg (Am), 2012, 37(8):1538-1542.
32. Jakubietz MG, Zahn R, Gruenert JG, et al. Kirschner wire fixations for scapholunate dissociation:a cadaveric, biomechanical study. J Orthop Surg (Hong Kong), 2012, 20(2):224-229.
33. Short WH, Werner FW, Sutton LG. Dynamic biomechanical evaluation of the dorsal intercarpal ligament repair for scapholunate instability. J Hand Surg (Am), 2009, 34(4):652-659.
34. 韩利军. 手舟月骨间韧带和月三角骨间韧带的解剖学特点. 中国组织工程研究与临床康复, 2009, 13(37):7318-7321.
35. Avrahami D. Lunotriquetral instability in a climber-case report and review. J Can Chiropr Assoc, 2010, 54(4):257-263.
36. León-Lopez MM, Salvà-Coll G, Garcia-Elias M, et al. Role of the extensor carpi ulnaris in the stabilization of the lunotriquetral joint. An experimental study. J Hand Ther, 2013, 26(4):312-317.
37. Mirza A, Mirza JB, Shin AY, et al. Isolated lunotriquetral ligament tears treated with ulnar shortening osteotomy. J Hand Surg (Am), 2013, 38(8):1492-1497.
38. Omokawa S, Fujitani R, Inada Y. Dorsal radiocarpal ligament capsulodesis for chronic dynamic lunotriquetral instability. J Hand Surg (Am), 2009, 34(2):237-243.

Chinese Journal of Reparative and Reconstructive Surgery

RESEARCH PROGRESS OF BIOMECHANICS OF PROXIMAL ROW CARPAL INSTABILITY

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