APPLICATION OF THREE DIMENSIONAL PRINTING ON MANUFACTURING BIONIC SCAFFOLDS OF SPINAL CORD IN RATS_Chinese Journal of Reparative and Reconstructive Surgery

Authors：

CHENYisheng , WANGJingjing , CHENXuyi , CHENChong , TUYue , ZHANGSai ,  LIXiaohong

Institute of Traumatic Brain Injury and Neuroscience of Chinese People's Armed Police Forces, the Affiliated Hospital of the Logistics University of People's Armed Police Force, Tianjin, 300162, P. R. China;

Corresponding author：

LIXiaohong, Email: lixiaohong12@hotmail.com

Keywords：

Three dimensional printing; Spinal cord injury; Bionic scaffold; SolidWorks software; Rat

DOI：

10.7507/1002-1892.20150076

Video：

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Objective To fabricate the bionic scaffolds of rat spinal cord by combining three dimensional (3D) printer and 3D software, so as to lay the foundation of theory and technology for the manufacture of scaffolds by using biomaterials. Methods Three female Sprague Dawley rats were scanned by 7.0T MRI to obtain the shape and position data of the cross section and gray matter of T8 to T10 spinal cord. Combined with data of position and shape of nerve conduction beam, the relevant data were obtained via Getdata software. Then the 3D graphics were made and converted to stereolithography (STL) format by using SolidWorks software. Photosensitive resin was used as the materials of spinal cord scaffolds. The bionic scaffolds were fabricated by 3D printer. Results MRI showed that the section shape of T8 to T10 segments of the spinal cord were approximately oval with a relatively long sagittal diameter of (2.20±0.52) mm and short transverse diameter of (2.05±0.24) mm, and the data of nerve conduction bundle were featured in the STL format. The spinal cord bionic scaffolds of the target segments made by 3D printer were similar to the spinal cord of rat in the morphology and size, and the position of pores simulated normal nerve conduction of rat spinal cord. Conclusion Spinal cord scaffolds produced by 3D printer which have similar shape and size of normal rat spinal cord are more bionic, and the procedure is simple. This technology combined with biomaterials is also promising in spinal cord repairing after spinal cord injury.

Citation： CHENYisheng, WANGJingjing, CHENXuyi, CHENChong, TUYue, ZHANGSai, LIXiaohong. APPLICATION OF THREE DIMENSIONAL PRINTING ON MANUFACTURING BIONIC SCAFFOLDS OF SPINAL CORD IN RATS. Chinese Journal of Reparative and Reconstructive Surgery, 2015, 29(3): 364-367. doi: 10.7507/1002-1892.20150076 Copy

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14.	Fedorovich NE, Wijnberg HM, Dhert WJ, et al. Distinct tissue formation by heterogeneous printing of osteo- and endothelial progenitor cells. Tissue Eng Part A, 2011, 17 (15-16):2113-2121.
15.	Ventola CL. Medical applications for 3D printing:current and projected uses. P T, 2014, 39(10):704-711.
16.	Lu P, Wang Y, Graham L, et al. Long-distance growth and connectivity of neural stem cells after severe spinal cord injury. Cell, 2012, 150(6):1264-1273.
17.	Han Q, Jin W, Xiao Z, et al. The promotion of neural regeneration in an extreme rat spinal cord injury model using a collagen scaffold containing a collagen binding neuroprotective protein and an EGFR neutralizing antibody. Biomaterials, 2010, 31(35):9212-9220.
18.	Chen BK, Knight AM, Madigan NN, et al. Comparison of polymer scaffolds in rat spinal cord:a step toward quantitative assessment of combinatorial approaches to spinal cord repair. Biomaterials, 2011, 32(32):8077-8086.
19.	Brinkløv S, Kalko EK, Surlykke A. Intense echolocation calls from two ‘whispering’ bats, Artibeus jamaicensis and Macrophyllum macrophyllum (Phyllostomidae). J Exp Biol, 2009, 212(Pt 1):11-20.
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1. Freund P, Curt A, Friston K, et al. Tracking changes following spinal cord injury:insights from neuroimaging. Neuroscientist, 2013, 19(2):116-128.
2. Li J, Lepski G. Cell transplantation for spinal cord injury:a systematic review. Biomed Res Int, 2013, 2013:786475.
3. Tetzlaff W, Okon EB, Karimi-Abdolrezaee S, et al. A systematic review of cellular transplantation therapies for spinal cord injury. J Neurotrauma, 2011, 28(8):1611-1682.
4. Krishna V, Konakondla S, Nicholas J, et al. Biomaterial-based interventions for neuronal regeneration and functional recovery in rodent model of spinal cord injury:a systematic review. J Spinal Cord Med, 2013, 36 (3):174-190.
5. Madigan NN, McMahon S, O'Brien T, et al. Current tissue engineering and novel therapeutic approaches to axonal regeneration following spinal cord injury using polymer scaffolds. Respir Physiol Neurobiol, 2009, 169(2):183-199.
6. Rao JS, Manxiu M, Zhao C, et al. Atrophy and primary somatosensory cortical reorganization after unilateral thoracic spinal cord injury:a longitudinal functional magnetic resonance imaging study. Biomed Res Int, 2013, 2013:753061.
7. Friedman JA, Windebank AJ, Moore MJ, et al. Biodegradable polymer grafts for surgical repair of the injured spinal cord. Neurosurgery, 2002, 51(3):742-752.
8. 盛利, 张亮有, 谢立新. SolidWorks二次开发精确草绘问题的分析与探讨. 现代制造工程, 2014, 4(5):68-71, 76.
9. 樊宁, 白代萍, 程陆战, 等. 基于SolidWorks部件库的开发. 工程图学学报, 2006, 4(4):48-52.
10. Miller BW, Moore JW, Barrett HH, et al. 3D printing in X-ray and Gamma-Ray imaging:A novel method for fabricating high-density imaging apertures. Nucl Instrum Methods Phys Res A, 2011, 659(1):262-268.
11. Duan B, Hockaday LA, Kang KH, et al. 3D bioprinting of heterogeneous aortic valve conduits with alginate/gelatin hydrogels. J Biomed Mater Res A, 2013, 101(5):1255-1264.
12. Benedict AL, Mountney A, Hurtado A, et al. Neuroprotective effects of sulforaphane after contusive spinal cord injury. J Neurotrauma, 2012, 29 (16):2576-2586.
13. Farzadi A, Solati-Hashjin M, Asadi-Eydivand M, et al. Effect of layer thickness and printing orientation on mechanical properties and dimensional accuracy of 3D printed porous samples for bone tissue engineering. PLoS One, 2014, 9(9):e108252.
14. Fedorovich NE, Wijnberg HM, Dhert WJ, et al. Distinct tissue formation by heterogeneous printing of osteo- and endothelial progenitor cells. Tissue Eng Part A, 2011, 17 (15-16):2113-2121.
15. Ventola CL. Medical applications for 3D printing:current and projected uses. P T, 2014, 39(10):704-711.
16. Lu P, Wang Y, Graham L, et al. Long-distance growth and connectivity of neural stem cells after severe spinal cord injury. Cell, 2012, 150(6):1264-1273.
17. Han Q, Jin W, Xiao Z, et al. The promotion of neural regeneration in an extreme rat spinal cord injury model using a collagen scaffold containing a collagen binding neuroprotective protein and an EGFR neutralizing antibody. Biomaterials, 2010, 31(35):9212-9220.
18. Chen BK, Knight AM, Madigan NN, et al. Comparison of polymer scaffolds in rat spinal cord:a step toward quantitative assessment of combinatorial approaches to spinal cord repair. Biomaterials, 2011, 32(32):8077-8086.
19. Brinkløv S, Kalko EK, Surlykke A. Intense echolocation calls from two ‘whispering’ bats, Artibeus jamaicensis and Macrophyllum macrophyllum (Phyllostomidae). J Exp Biol, 2009, 212(Pt 1):11-20.
20. Compare A, Germani E, Proietti R, et al. Clinical psychology and cardiovascular disease:an up-to-date clinical practice review for assessment and treatment of anxiety and depression. Clin Pract Epidemiol Ment Health, 2011, 7:148-156.

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