Research progress of graphene and its derivatives in repair of peripheral nerve defect_Chinese Journal of Reparative and Reconstructive Surgery

Authors：

YAO Ruzhan ¹ , WANG Bingwu ² ,  WANG Guanglin ¹

1. Department of Orthopedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu Sichuan, 610041, P.R.China;
2. Department of Spinal Surgery, Weifang People’s Hospital, Weifang Shandong, 261000, P.R.China;

Corresponding author：

WANG Guanglin, Email: wglfrank@163.com

Keywords：

Nerve tissue engineering; peripheral nerve defect; graphene; scaffold material; nerve repair

DOI：

10.7507/1002-1892.201804096

Video：

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Objective To review the research progress of graphene and its derivatives in repair of peripheral nerve defect. Methods The related literature of graphene and its derivatives in repair of peripheral nerve defect in recent years was extensively reviewed. Results It is confirmed by in vitro and in vivo experiments that graphene and its derivatives can promote cell adhesion, proliferation, differentiation and neurite growth effectively. They have good electrical conductivity, excellent mechanical properties, larger specific surface area, and other advantages when compared with traditional materials. The three-dimensional scaffold can improve the effect of nerve repair. Conclusion The metabolic pathways and long-term reaction of graphene and its derivatives in the body are unclear. How to regulate their biodegradation and explain the electric coupling reaction mechanism between cells and materials also need to be further explored.

Citation： YAO Ruzhan, WANG Bingwu, WANG Guanglin. Research progress of graphene and its derivatives in repair of peripheral nerve defect. Chinese Journal of Reparative and Reconstructive Surgery, 2018, 32(11): 1483-1487. doi: 10.7507/1002-1892.201804096 Copy

1.	Gu X, Ding F, Williams DF. Neural tissue engineering options for peripheral nerve regeneration. Biomaterials, 2014, 35(24): 6143-6156.
2.	Hewson DW, Bedforth NM, Hardman JG. Peripheral nerve injury arising in anaesthesia practice. Anaesthesia, 2018, 73(Suppl 1): 51-60.
3.	Laumonerie P, Blasco L, Tibbo ME, et al. Peripheral nerve injury associated with a subdermal contraceptive implant: Illustrative cases and systematic review of literature. World Neurosurgery, 2018, 111(3): 317-325.
4.	Li G, Zhang L, Wang C, et al. Effect of silanization on chitosan porous scaffolds for peripheral nerve regeneration. Carbohydrate Polymers, 2014, 101(1): 718-726.
5.	Rinker B, Vyas KS. Clinical applications of autografts, conduits, and allografts in repair of nerve defects in the hand: current guidelines. Clin Plast Surg, 2014, 41(3): 533-550.
6.	Li G, Xiao Q, Zhang L, et al. Nerve growth factor loaded heparin/chitosan scaffolds for accelerating peripheral nerve regeneration. Carbohydrate Polymers, 2017, 171(1): 39-49.
7.	Sarker MD, Naghieh S, McInnes AD, et al. Regeneration of peripheral nerves by nerve guidance conduits: Influence of design, biopolymers, cells, growth factors, and physical stimuli. Progress in Neurobiology, 2018.[Epub ahead of print].
8.	Baniasadi H, Ramazani SAA, Mashayekhan S. Fabrication and characterization of conductive chitosan/gelatin-based scaffolds for nerve tissue engineering. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 2015, 74: 360-366.
9.	Novoselov KS, Geim AK, Morozov SV, et al. Electric field effect in atomically thin carbon films. Science, 2004, 306(5696): 666-669.
10.	Kumar S, Chatterjee K. Comprehensive review on the use of graphene-based substrates for regenerative medicine and biomedical devices. Acs Appl Mater Interfaces, 2016, 8(40): 26431-26457.
11.	Shin SR, Li YC, Jang HL, et al. Graphene-based materials for tissue engineering. Adv Drug Deliv Rev, 2016, 105(Pt B): 255-274.
12.	Tonelli FM, Goulart VA, Gomes KN, et al. Graphene-based nanomaterials: biological and medical applications and toxicity. Nanomedicine (Lond), 2015, 10(15): 2423-2450.
13.	Reina G, González-Domínguez JM, Criado A, et al. Promises, facts and challenges for graphene in biomedical applications. Chem Soc Rev, 2017, 46(15): 4400-4416.
14.	Das SR, Uz M, Ding S, et al. Electrical differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells into Schwann‐cell‐like phenotypes using inkjet‐printed graphene circuits. Adv Healthc Mater, 2017, 6(7): 1087-1094.
15.	Convertino D, Luin S, Marchetti L, et al. Peripheral neuron survival and outgrowth on graphene. Frontiers in Neuroscience, 2018, 12(1): 1-8.
16.	Meng S. Nerve cell differentiation using constant and programmed electrical stimulation through conductive non-functional graphene nanosheets film. Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, 2014, 11(4): 274-283.
17.	Wang Y, Lee WC, Manga KK, et al. Fluorinated graphene for promoting neuro-induction of stem cells. Adv Mater, 2012, 24(31): 4285-4290.
18.	Chen GY, Pang DW, Hwang SM, et al. A graphene-based platform for induced pluripotent stem cells culture and differentiation. Biomaterials, 2012, 33(2): 418-427.
19.	Zhao Y, Wang Y, Niu C, et al. Construction of polyacrylamide/graphene oxide/gelatin/sodium alginate (PAM/GO/Gel/SA) composite hydrogel for promoting Schwann cells growth. Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part A, 2018, 106(7): 1951-1964.
20.	Guo W, Qiu J, Liu J, et al. Graphene microfiber as a scaffold for regulation of neural stem cells differentiation. Sci Rep, 2017, 7(1): 5678-5685.
21.	Qian Y, Zhao X, Han Q, et al. An integrated multi-layer 3D-fabrication of PDA/RGD coated graphene loaded PCL nanoscaffold for peripheral nerve restoration. Nat Commun, 2018, 9(1): 323-338.
22.	Feng ZQ, Wang T, Zhao B, et al. Soft graphene nanofibers designed for the acceleration of nerve growth and development. Adv Mater, 2015, 27(41): 6462-6468.
23.	Assaf K, Leal CV, Derami MS, et al. Sciatic nerve repair using poly(ε-caprolactone) tubular prosthesis associated with nanoparticles of carbon and graphene. Brain Behav, 2017, 7(8): e00755.
24.	Wang Q, Chen J, Niu Q, et al. The application of graphene oxidized combining with decellularized scaffold to repair of sciatic nerve injury in rats. Saudi Pharm J, 2017, 25(4): 469-476.
25.	张会兰, 易兵成, 王先流, 等. 用高度取向石墨烯/聚乳酸(Gr/PLLA)复合超细纤维构建神经导管. 高等学校化学学报, 2016, 37(5): 972-982.
26.	Zhang K, Zheng H, Liang S, et al. Aligned PLLA nanofibrous scaffolds coated with graphene oxide for promoting neural cell growth. Acta Biomaterialia, 2016, 37: 131-142.
27.	Park SY, Park J, Sim SH, et al. Enhanced differentiation of human neural stem cells into neurons on graphene. Advanced Materials, 2011, 23(36): H263-H267.
28.	董文, 包敏, 李碧云, 等. 含石墨烯的聚乳酸复合纳米纤维的制备及细胞相容性. 功能高分子学报, 2014, 27(2): 147-156.
29.	Shin YC, Lee JH, Jin L, et al. Stimulated myoblast differentiation on graphene oxide-impregnated PLGA-collagen hybrid fibre matrices. J Nanobiotechnology, 2015, 13: 21-33.
30.	Ou L, Song B, Liang H, et al. Toxicity of graphene-family nanoparticles: a general review of the origins and mechanisms. Part Fibre Toxicol, 2016, 13(1): 57-80.
31.	Lalwani G, D'Agati M, Khan AM, et al. Toxicology of graphene-based nanomaterials. Adv Drug Deliv Rev, 2016, 105(Pt B): 109-144.
32.	Li Y, Feng L, Shi X, et al. Surface coating-dependent cytotoxicity and degradation of graphene derivatives: towards the design of non-toxic, degradable nano-graphene. Small, 2014, 10(8): 1544-1554.
33.	Zhao Y, Gong J, Niu C, et al. A new electrospun graphene-silk fibroin composite scaffolds for guiding Schwann cells. J Biomater Sci Polym Ed, 2017, 28(18): 2171-2185.
34.	Li G, Zhao Y, Zhang L, et al. Preparation of graphene oxide/polyacrylamide composite hydrogel and its effect on Schwann cells attachment and proliferation. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces, 2016, 143: 547-556.
35.	Mukherjee SP, Gliga AR, Lazzaretto B, et al. Graphene oxide is degraded by neutrophils and the degradation products are non-genotoxic. Nanoscale, 2018, 10(3): 1180-1188.
36.	Kotchey GP, Allen BL, Vedala H, et al. The enzymatic oxidation of graphene oxide. ACS Nano, 2011, 5(3): 2098-2108.
37.	Zhang C, Chen S, Alvarez PJJ, et al. Reduced graphene oxide enhances horseradish peroxidase stability by serving as radical scavenger and redox mediator. Carbon, 2015, 94: 531-538.

1. Gu X, Ding F, Williams DF. Neural tissue engineering options for peripheral nerve regeneration. Biomaterials, 2014, 35(24): 6143-6156.
2. Hewson DW, Bedforth NM, Hardman JG. Peripheral nerve injury arising in anaesthesia practice. Anaesthesia, 2018, 73(Suppl 1): 51-60.
3. Laumonerie P, Blasco L, Tibbo ME, et al. Peripheral nerve injury associated with a subdermal contraceptive implant: Illustrative cases and systematic review of literature. World Neurosurgery, 2018, 111(3): 317-325.
4. Li G, Zhang L, Wang C, et al. Effect of silanization on chitosan porous scaffolds for peripheral nerve regeneration. Carbohydrate Polymers, 2014, 101(1): 718-726.
5. Rinker B, Vyas KS. Clinical applications of autografts, conduits, and allografts in repair of nerve defects in the hand: current guidelines. Clin Plast Surg, 2014, 41(3): 533-550.
6. Li G, Xiao Q, Zhang L, et al. Nerve growth factor loaded heparin/chitosan scaffolds for accelerating peripheral nerve regeneration. Carbohydrate Polymers, 2017, 171(1): 39-49.
7. Sarker MD, Naghieh S, McInnes AD, et al. Regeneration of peripheral nerves by nerve guidance conduits: Influence of design, biopolymers, cells, growth factors, and physical stimuli. Progress in Neurobiology, 2018.[Epub ahead of print].
8. Baniasadi H, Ramazani SAA, Mashayekhan S. Fabrication and characterization of conductive chitosan/gelatin-based scaffolds for nerve tissue engineering. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 2015, 74: 360-366.
9. Novoselov KS, Geim AK, Morozov SV, et al. Electric field effect in atomically thin carbon films. Science, 2004, 306(5696): 666-669.
10. Kumar S, Chatterjee K. Comprehensive review on the use of graphene-based substrates for regenerative medicine and biomedical devices. Acs Appl Mater Interfaces, 2016, 8(40): 26431-26457.
11. Shin SR, Li YC, Jang HL, et al. Graphene-based materials for tissue engineering. Adv Drug Deliv Rev, 2016, 105(Pt B): 255-274.
12. Tonelli FM, Goulart VA, Gomes KN, et al. Graphene-based nanomaterials: biological and medical applications and toxicity. Nanomedicine (Lond), 2015, 10(15): 2423-2450.
13. Reina G, González-Domínguez JM, Criado A, et al. Promises, facts and challenges for graphene in biomedical applications. Chem Soc Rev, 2017, 46(15): 4400-4416.
14. Das SR, Uz M, Ding S, et al. Electrical differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells into Schwann‐cell‐like phenotypes using inkjet‐printed graphene circuits. Adv Healthc Mater, 2017, 6(7): 1087-1094.
15. Convertino D, Luin S, Marchetti L, et al. Peripheral neuron survival and outgrowth on graphene. Frontiers in Neuroscience, 2018, 12(1): 1-8.
16. Meng S. Nerve cell differentiation using constant and programmed electrical stimulation through conductive non-functional graphene nanosheets film. Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, 2014, 11(4): 274-283.
17. Wang Y, Lee WC, Manga KK, et al. Fluorinated graphene for promoting neuro-induction of stem cells. Adv Mater, 2012, 24(31): 4285-4290.
18. Chen GY, Pang DW, Hwang SM, et al. A graphene-based platform for induced pluripotent stem cells culture and differentiation. Biomaterials, 2012, 33(2): 418-427.
19. Zhao Y, Wang Y, Niu C, et al. Construction of polyacrylamide/graphene oxide/gelatin/sodium alginate (PAM/GO/Gel/SA) composite hydrogel for promoting Schwann cells growth. Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part A, 2018, 106(7): 1951-1964.
20. Guo W, Qiu J, Liu J, et al. Graphene microfiber as a scaffold for regulation of neural stem cells differentiation. Sci Rep, 2017, 7(1): 5678-5685.
21. Qian Y, Zhao X, Han Q, et al. An integrated multi-layer 3D-fabrication of PDA/RGD coated graphene loaded PCL nanoscaffold for peripheral nerve restoration. Nat Commun, 2018, 9(1): 323-338.
22. Feng ZQ, Wang T, Zhao B, et al. Soft graphene nanofibers designed for the acceleration of nerve growth and development. Adv Mater, 2015, 27(41): 6462-6468.
23. Assaf K, Leal CV, Derami MS, et al. Sciatic nerve repair using poly(ε-caprolactone) tubular prosthesis associated with nanoparticles of carbon and graphene. Brain Behav, 2017, 7(8): e00755.
24. Wang Q, Chen J, Niu Q, et al. The application of graphene oxidized combining with decellularized scaffold to repair of sciatic nerve injury in rats. Saudi Pharm J, 2017, 25(4): 469-476.
25. 张会兰, 易兵成, 王先流, 等. 用高度取向石墨烯/聚乳酸(Gr/PLLA)复合超细纤维构建神经导管. 高等学校化学学报, 2016, 37(5): 972-982.
26. Zhang K, Zheng H, Liang S, et al. Aligned PLLA nanofibrous scaffolds coated with graphene oxide for promoting neural cell growth. Acta Biomaterialia, 2016, 37: 131-142.
27. Park SY, Park J, Sim SH, et al. Enhanced differentiation of human neural stem cells into neurons on graphene. Advanced Materials, 2011, 23(36): H263-H267.
28. 董文, 包敏, 李碧云, 等. 含石墨烯的聚乳酸复合纳米纤维的制备及细胞相容性. 功能高分子学报, 2014, 27(2): 147-156.
29. Shin YC, Lee JH, Jin L, et al. Stimulated myoblast differentiation on graphene oxide-impregnated PLGA-collagen hybrid fibre matrices. J Nanobiotechnology, 2015, 13: 21-33.
30. Ou L, Song B, Liang H, et al. Toxicity of graphene-family nanoparticles: a general review of the origins and mechanisms. Part Fibre Toxicol, 2016, 13(1): 57-80.
31. Lalwani G, D'Agati M, Khan AM, et al. Toxicology of graphene-based nanomaterials. Adv Drug Deliv Rev, 2016, 105(Pt B): 109-144.
32. Li Y, Feng L, Shi X, et al. Surface coating-dependent cytotoxicity and degradation of graphene derivatives: towards the design of non-toxic, degradable nano-graphene. Small, 2014, 10(8): 1544-1554.
33. Zhao Y, Gong J, Niu C, et al. A new electrospun graphene-silk fibroin composite scaffolds for guiding Schwann cells. J Biomater Sci Polym Ed, 2017, 28(18): 2171-2185.
34. Li G, Zhao Y, Zhang L, et al. Preparation of graphene oxide/polyacrylamide composite hydrogel and its effect on Schwann cells attachment and proliferation. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces, 2016, 143: 547-556.
35. Mukherjee SP, Gliga AR, Lazzaretto B, et al. Graphene oxide is degraded by neutrophils and the degradation products are non-genotoxic. Nanoscale, 2018, 10(3): 1180-1188.
36. Kotchey GP, Allen BL, Vedala H, et al. The enzymatic oxidation of graphene oxide. ACS Nano, 2011, 5(3): 2098-2108.
37. Zhang C, Chen S, Alvarez PJJ, et al. Reduced graphene oxide enhances horseradish peroxidase stability by serving as radical scavenger and redox mediator. Carbon, 2015, 94: 531-538.

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