The development and recent status of the craniomaxillofacial surgery in China during past three decades_Chinese Journal of Reparative and Reconstructive Surgery

Authors：

 YANG Bin ¹ , QI Zuoliang ¹ , WEI Min ² , MU Xiongzheng ² , TENG Li ¹ , ZHANG Zhiyong ¹ , JIN Xiaolei ¹ , TAO Kai ³ , SHEN Weiming ⁴ , WU Guoping ⁵ , HAN Zhengxue ⁶ , SHU Maoguo ⁷ , CHEN Xiaoping ⁵ , BAO Nan ⁸

1. Department of Craniomaxillofacial Plastic Surgery, Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100144, P.R.China;
2. Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, P.R.China;
3. Department of Plastic Surgery, the General Hospital of Shenyang Military of Chinese PLA, Shenyang Liaoning, 110015, P.R.China;
4. Department of Plastic Surgery, the Affiliated Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Jiangsu, 210008, P.R.China;
5. Friendship Hospital of Plastic Surgery, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Jiangsu, 210029, P.R.China;
6. Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Stomatological Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, P.R.China;
7. Department of Plastic and Maxillofacial Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiao Tong University, Xi’an Shaanxi, 710061, P.R.China;
8. Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, Shanghai, 200127, P.R.China;

Corresponding author：

YANG Bin, Email: ybdoctor_psh@163.com

Keywords：

Congenital craniofacial malformation; three-dimensional digital computer-aided surgery; distraction osteogenesis; three-dimensional printing

DOI：

10.7507/1002-1892.201807021

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The authors made a profound review on the development and the recent status of craniomaxillofacial surgery in China during past three decades. The emphases were placed on the following aspects: the modifications of the reconstructive procedure and minimal invasive mode, the researches on molecular genetic characteristics of the congenital craniofacial malformations, the clinical applications of three-dimensional digital computer-aided techniques (including three-dimensional printing and prefabricated template for precious osteotomies), the craniomaxillofacial defects reconstructing by using the distraction osteogenesis and osseous integrated titanium implant and prothesis, etc. Finally, the authors outlooked prospectively the future trends of the craniomaxillofacial surgery.

Citation： YANG Bin, QI Zuoliang, WEI Min, MU Xiongzheng, TENG Li, ZHANG Zhiyong, JIN Xiaolei, TAO Kai, SHEN Weiming, WU Guoping, HAN Zhengxue, SHU Maoguo, CHEN Xiaoping, BAO Nan. The development and recent status of the craniomaxillofacial surgery in China during past three decades. Chinese Journal of Reparative and Reconstructive Surgery, 2018, 32(7): 803-808. doi: 10.7507/1002-1892.201807021 Copy

1.	Tessier P. Total facial osteotomy. Crouzon’s syndrome, Apert’s syndrome: oxycephaly, scaphocephaly, turricephaly. Ann Chir Plast, 1967, 12(4): 273-286.
2.	Tessier P, Guiot G, Rougerie J, et al. Cranio-naso-orbito-facial osteotomies. Hypertelorism. Ann Chir Plast, 1967, 12(2): 103-118.
3.	Ortiz-Monasterio F. Notes on the history of the craniofacial surgery//Jackson IT, Munro IR, Salyer KE, et al. Atlas of craniomaxillofacial surgery. St Louis: CV Mosby Company, 1982: Ⅶ-Ⅻ.
4.	Tessier P. Experience in the treatment of orbital hypertelorism. Plast Reconstr Surg, 1974, 53(1): l-18.
5.	张涤生, 王德昭, 尚汉祚, 等. 眶距增宽症的外科治疗. 中华外科杂志, 1983, 21(1): 32-35.
6.	Tessier P. Recent radical change in craniofacial surgery. Proceedings of First Chinese Intenational Congress on Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Shanghai, 1988.
7.	Wu G, Xie M, Hu C, et al. Cephalometric analysis of modifications of the mandible due to reduction mandibuloplasty in patients with prominent mandibular angle. J Craniofac Surg, 2017, 28(3): 654-658.
8.	Yang B, Dong X, Zhang ZY, et al. Fronto-orbital osteotomy reshaping for supraorbital ridge protrusion. J Craniofac Surg, 2015, 26(6): 1926-1929.
9.	Yin H, Dong X, Yang B. A new three-dimensional measurement in evaluating the cranial asymmetry caused by craniosynostosis. Surg Radiol Anat, 2015, 37(8): 989-995.
10.	Yang B, Ni J, Li B. 3D morphological change of skull base and fronto-temporal soft-tissue in the patients with unicoronal craniosynostosis after fronto-orbital advancement. Childs Nerv Syst, 2018, 34(5): 947-955.
11.	Robb RA. Virtual endoscopy: development and evaluation using the visible human datasets. Comput Med Imaging Graph, 2000, 24(3): 133-151.
12.	杨斌, 张涤生, 黄洪章, 等. 颅面外科三维诊断分析和手术设计系统的临床应用研究. 中华整形外科杂志, 2001, 17(2): 80-83.
13.	杨斌, 黄洪章, 张涤生, 等. 颅面结构立体可视化和颅面整形手术仿真模拟的研究. 中华医学美容杂志, 2001, 7(2): 79-82.
14.	杨娴娴, Jodie T Hatfield, Susan J Hinze, 等. 新致病基因在颅缝早闭Crouzon综合征中的初步机制研究. 组织工程与重建外科杂志, 2012, 8(5): 256-263.
15.	彭美芳, 吴颖之, 陈洁仪, 等. FGFR2 突变位点 Ser252Trp 与 Pro253Arg 对 Apert 综合征临床表型影响的差异-基于荟萃分析的证据. 组织工程与重建外科杂志, 2018, 14(2): 67-71.
16.	柴岗, 张艳, 刘伟, 等. 组织工程骨在颅颌面骨缺损临床修复中的应用. 中华医学杂志, 2003, 83(19): 1676-1681.
17.	邹丽剑, 岳伟, 祁佐良, 等. 颅面严重缺损畸形的种植赝复体修复. 中华整形外科杂志, 2003, 19(6): 475-476.
18.	Wu GP, He XC, Hu CB, et al. Effect of electroporation-mediated transfecting recombinant plasmid pIRES-hBMP2-hVEGF165 on mandibular distraction osteogenesis. Ann Plast Surg, 2012, 69(3): 316-325.
19.	Wu G, Hu C, He X, et al. Effect of gene transfecting at different times on mandibular distraction osteogenesis. J Craniofac Surg, 2013, 24(1): 232-236.
20.	Wu G, Zhou B, Chen X, et al. Endoscopic-assisted intraoral three-dimensional reduction mandibuloplasty. Ann Plast Surg, 2015, 75(1): 10-18.
21.	Wang JC, Nagy L, Demke JC. Syndromic craniosynostosis. Facial Plast Surg Clin North Am, 2016, 24(4): 531-543.
22.	Governale LS. Craniosynostosis. Pediatr Neurol, 2015, 53(5): 394-401.
23.	Dicus Brookes C, Golden BA, Turvey TA. Craniosynostosis syndromes. Atlas Oral Maxillofac Surg Clin North Am, 2014, 22(2): 103-110.
24.	Marchac A, Arnaud E. Cranium and midface distraction osteogenesis: current practices, controversies, and future applications. J Craniofac Surg, 2012, 23(1): 235-238.
25.	Tssier P. The definitive plastic surgical treatment of the severe facial deformities of craniofacial dysotosis. Crouzon’s and Apert’s disease. Plast Reconstr Surg, 1971, 48(5): 419-442.
26.	Renier D, Lajeunie E, Arnaud E, et al. Management of craniosynostoses. Childs Nerv Syst, 2000, 16(10-11): 645-658.
27.	Panchal J, Uttchin V. Management of craniosynostosis. Plast Reconstr Surg, 2003, 111(6): 2032-2048.
28.	Marchac D, Renier D. Treatment of craniosynostosis in infancy. Clin Plast Surg, 1987, 14(1): 61-72.
29.	杨斌, 张智勇, Eric Arnaud, 等. 额部斜头畸形的整复手术. 中华整形外科杂志, 2012, 28(6): 401-406.
30.	穆雄铮, 毛青, 冯胜之, 等. 双额扩展截骨术治疗幼儿颅缝早闭症. 中华整形外科杂志, 2001, 17(1): 14-16.
31.	穆雄铮, 冯胜之, 张涤生. LeFortⅢ 型截骨术对面部外形的影响. 中国修复重建外科杂志, 1992, 6(3): 156-159.
32.	沈卫民, 王刚, 吴玉新, 等. 矢状缝早闭 (舟状头) 全颅成形术. 中华整形外科杂志, 2006, 22(3): 172-174.
33.	韦敏, 穆雄铮, 冯胜之, 等. 眶距增宽症鼻成形术. 中华整形外科杂志, 2001, 17(2): 102-103.
34.	杨斌, 倪健, 李秉航, 等. 浮动额骨瓣颅眶截骨联合倒U形眼眶截骨矫治颅缝早闭伴眶距增宽症. 中华整形外科杂志, 2017, 33(Suppl): 17-20.
35.	McCarthy JG, Schreiber J, Karp N, et al. Lengthening the human mandible by gradual distraction. Plast Reconstr Surg, 1992, 89(1): 1-8.
36.	杨斌, 李秉航, 丁榆德, 等. 基于数字化技术的改良牵引成骨术整复半侧颜面短小畸形及疗效评估. 中国美容整形外科杂志, 2016, 27(12): 708-712.
37.	丁榆德, 杨斌, 倪健, 等. 下颌升支矢状劈开截骨牵引成骨术矫治半侧颜面短小畸形. 中华整形外科杂志, 2016, 32(3): 161-165.
38.	Hirabayashi S, Sugawara Y, Sakurai A, et al. Frontoorbital advancement by gradual distraction. Technical note. J Neurosurg, 1998, 89(6): 1058-1061.
39.	Park DH, Yoon SH. Transsutural distraction osteogenesis for 285 children with craniosynostosis: a single-institution experience. J Neurosurg Pediatr, 2015. [Epub ahead of print].
40.	侯瑞, 韦敏, 袁捷, 等. Monobloc四段式截骨牵引治疗眶距增宽症合并面中部发育不良. 组织工程与重建外科杂志, 2013, 9(2): 102-105.
41.	Yip JE, Kokich VG, Shepard TH. The effect of high doses of retinoic acid on prenatal craniofacial development in Macaca nemestrina. Teratology, 1980, 21(1): 29-38.
42.	Cohen MM Jr. Sutural biology and the correlates of craniosynostosis. Am J Med Genet, 1993, 47(5): 581-616.
43.	Winder J, Bibb R. Medical rapid prototyping technologies: state of the art and current limitations for application in oral and maxillofacial surgery. J Oral Maxillofac Surg, 2005, 63(7): 1006-1015.
44.	Cao D, Yu Z, Chai G, et al. Application of EH compound artificial bone material combined with computerized three-dimensional reconstruction in craniomaxillofacial surgery. J Craniofac Surg, 2010, 21(2): 440-443.
45.	Ni J, Yang B, Li B. Reconstructive operation of nonsyndromic multiple-suture craniosynostosis based on precise virtual plan and prefabricated template. J Craniofac Surg, 2017, 28(6): 1541-1542.
46.	Sharaf B, Levine JP, Hirsch DL, et al. Importance of computer-aided design and manufacturing technology in the multidisciplinary approach to head and neck reconstruction. J Craniofac Surg, 2010, 21(4): 1277-1280.
47.	Sun H, Li B, Zhao Z, et al. Error analysis of a CAD/CAM method for unidirectional mandibular distraction osteogenesis in the treatment of hemifacial microsomia. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg, 2013, 51(8): 892-897.
48.	Ye N, Long H, Zhu S, et al. The accuracy of computer image-guided template for mandibular angle ostectomy. Aesthetic Plast Surg, 2015, 39(1): 117-123.
49.	Li B, Zhang L, Sun H, et al. A novel method of computer aided orthognathic surgery using individual CAD/CAM templates: a combination of osteotomy and repositioning guides. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg, 2013, 51(8): e239-e244.
50.	Metzger MC, Hohlweg-Majert B, Schwarz U, et al. Manufacturing splints for orthognathic surgery using a three-dimensional printer. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod, 2008, 105(2): e1-e7.
51.	彭雅滨, 毛小林, 王晓峰, 等. 数字化三维重建钛网在大面积颅骨缺损修补中的应用. 中国组织工程研究与临床康复, 2010, 14(26): 4760-4763.
52.	Singare S, Dichen L, Bingheng L, et al. Design and fabrication of custom mandible titanium tray based on rapid prototyping. Med Eng Phys, 2004, 26(8): 671-676.
53.	欧飞, 段世均, 张金鸽, 等. 颅颌面部畸形个体数字化修复技术的临床应用. 中国组织工程研究与临床康复, 2010, (22): 4032-4035.
54.	Saijo H, Igawa K, Kanno Y, et al. Maxillofacial reconstruction using custom-made artificial bones fabricated by inkjet printing technology. J Artif Organs, 2009, 12(3): 200-205.
55.	杨斌.创伤性颅眶畸形的三维可视化诊断分析与手术整复. 中国美容医学2007,16(4):479-483.
56.	陈丽丹,杨斌. 计算机辅助导航在颅面整形外科中的应用. 中华医学美学美容杂志, 2017, 23(4): 280-283.
57.	Marescaux J, Leroy J, Gagner M, et al. Transatlantic robot-assisted telesurgery. Nature, 2001, 413(6854): 379-380.
58.	Arnaud E, Marchac D, Renier D. Reduction of morbidity of the frontofacial monobloc advancement in children by the use of internal distraction. Plast Reconstr Surg, 2007, 120(4): 1009-1026.
59.	Lin KY, Ogle RC, Jane JA. Craniofacial Surgery. Science and Surgical Technique. Philadelphia: WB. Saunders Company, 2002: 1, 3-187.

1. Tessier P. Total facial osteotomy. Crouzon’s syndrome, Apert’s syndrome: oxycephaly, scaphocephaly, turricephaly. Ann Chir Plast, 1967, 12(4): 273-286.
2. Tessier P, Guiot G, Rougerie J, et al. Cranio-naso-orbito-facial osteotomies. Hypertelorism. Ann Chir Plast, 1967, 12(2): 103-118.
3. Ortiz-Monasterio F. Notes on the history of the craniofacial surgery//Jackson IT, Munro IR, Salyer KE, et al. Atlas of craniomaxillofacial surgery. St Louis: CV Mosby Company, 1982: Ⅶ-Ⅻ.
4. Tessier P. Experience in the treatment of orbital hypertelorism. Plast Reconstr Surg, 1974, 53(1): l-18.
5. 张涤生, 王德昭, 尚汉祚, 等. 眶距增宽症的外科治疗. 中华外科杂志, 1983, 21(1): 32-35.
6. Tessier P. Recent radical change in craniofacial surgery. Proceedings of First Chinese Intenational Congress on Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Shanghai, 1988.
7. Wu G, Xie M, Hu C, et al. Cephalometric analysis of modifications of the mandible due to reduction mandibuloplasty in patients with prominent mandibular angle. J Craniofac Surg, 2017, 28(3): 654-658.
8. Yang B, Dong X, Zhang ZY, et al. Fronto-orbital osteotomy reshaping for supraorbital ridge protrusion. J Craniofac Surg, 2015, 26(6): 1926-1929.
9. Yin H, Dong X, Yang B. A new three-dimensional measurement in evaluating the cranial asymmetry caused by craniosynostosis. Surg Radiol Anat, 2015, 37(8): 989-995.
10. Yang B, Ni J, Li B. 3D morphological change of skull base and fronto-temporal soft-tissue in the patients with unicoronal craniosynostosis after fronto-orbital advancement. Childs Nerv Syst, 2018, 34(5): 947-955.
11. Robb RA. Virtual endoscopy: development and evaluation using the visible human datasets. Comput Med Imaging Graph, 2000, 24(3): 133-151.
12. 杨斌, 张涤生, 黄洪章, 等. 颅面外科三维诊断分析和手术设计系统的临床应用研究. 中华整形外科杂志, 2001, 17(2): 80-83.
13. 杨斌, 黄洪章, 张涤生, 等. 颅面结构立体可视化和颅面整形手术仿真模拟的研究. 中华医学美容杂志, 2001, 7(2): 79-82.
14. 杨娴娴, Jodie T Hatfield, Susan J Hinze, 等. 新致病基因在颅缝早闭Crouzon综合征中的初步机制研究. 组织工程与重建外科杂志, 2012, 8(5): 256-263.
15. 彭美芳, 吴颖之, 陈洁仪, 等. FGFR2 突变位点 Ser252Trp 与 Pro253Arg 对 Apert 综合征临床表型影响的差异-基于荟萃分析的证据. 组织工程与重建外科杂志, 2018, 14(2): 67-71.
16. 柴岗, 张艳, 刘伟, 等. 组织工程骨在颅颌面骨缺损临床修复中的应用. 中华医学杂志, 2003, 83(19): 1676-1681.
17. 邹丽剑, 岳伟, 祁佐良, 等. 颅面严重缺损畸形的种植赝复体修复. 中华整形外科杂志, 2003, 19(6): 475-476.
18. Wu GP, He XC, Hu CB, et al. Effect of electroporation-mediated transfecting recombinant plasmid pIRES-hBMP2-hVEGF165 on mandibular distraction osteogenesis. Ann Plast Surg, 2012, 69(3): 316-325.
19. Wu G, Hu C, He X, et al. Effect of gene transfecting at different times on mandibular distraction osteogenesis. J Craniofac Surg, 2013, 24(1): 232-236.
20. Wu G, Zhou B, Chen X, et al. Endoscopic-assisted intraoral three-dimensional reduction mandibuloplasty. Ann Plast Surg, 2015, 75(1): 10-18.
21. Wang JC, Nagy L, Demke JC. Syndromic craniosynostosis. Facial Plast Surg Clin North Am, 2016, 24(4): 531-543.
22. Governale LS. Craniosynostosis. Pediatr Neurol, 2015, 53(5): 394-401.
23. Dicus Brookes C, Golden BA, Turvey TA. Craniosynostosis syndromes. Atlas Oral Maxillofac Surg Clin North Am, 2014, 22(2): 103-110.
24. Marchac A, Arnaud E. Cranium and midface distraction osteogenesis: current practices, controversies, and future applications. J Craniofac Surg, 2012, 23(1): 235-238.
25. Tssier P. The definitive plastic surgical treatment of the severe facial deformities of craniofacial dysotosis. Crouzon’s and Apert’s disease. Plast Reconstr Surg, 1971, 48(5): 419-442.
26. Renier D, Lajeunie E, Arnaud E, et al. Management of craniosynostoses. Childs Nerv Syst, 2000, 16(10-11): 645-658.
27. Panchal J, Uttchin V. Management of craniosynostosis. Plast Reconstr Surg, 2003, 111(6): 2032-2048.
28. Marchac D, Renier D. Treatment of craniosynostosis in infancy. Clin Plast Surg, 1987, 14(1): 61-72.
29. 杨斌, 张智勇, Eric Arnaud, 等. 额部斜头畸形的整复手术. 中华整形外科杂志, 2012, 28(6): 401-406.
30. 穆雄铮, 毛青, 冯胜之, 等. 双额扩展截骨术治疗幼儿颅缝早闭症. 中华整形外科杂志, 2001, 17(1): 14-16.
31. 穆雄铮, 冯胜之, 张涤生. LeFortⅢ 型截骨术对面部外形的影响. 中国修复重建外科杂志, 1992, 6(3): 156-159.
32. 沈卫民, 王刚, 吴玉新, 等. 矢状缝早闭 (舟状头) 全颅成形术. 中华整形外科杂志, 2006, 22(3): 172-174.
33. 韦敏, 穆雄铮, 冯胜之, 等. 眶距增宽症鼻成形术. 中华整形外科杂志, 2001, 17(2): 102-103.
34. 杨斌, 倪健, 李秉航, 等. 浮动额骨瓣颅眶截骨联合倒U形眼眶截骨矫治颅缝早闭伴眶距增宽症. 中华整形外科杂志, 2017, 33(Suppl): 17-20.
35. McCarthy JG, Schreiber J, Karp N, et al. Lengthening the human mandible by gradual distraction. Plast Reconstr Surg, 1992, 89(1): 1-8.
36. 杨斌, 李秉航, 丁榆德, 等. 基于数字化技术的改良牵引成骨术整复半侧颜面短小畸形及疗效评估. 中国美容整形外科杂志, 2016, 27(12): 708-712.
37. 丁榆德, 杨斌, 倪健, 等. 下颌升支矢状劈开截骨牵引成骨术矫治半侧颜面短小畸形. 中华整形外科杂志, 2016, 32(3): 161-165.
38. Hirabayashi S, Sugawara Y, Sakurai A, et al. Frontoorbital advancement by gradual distraction. Technical note. J Neurosurg, 1998, 89(6): 1058-1061.
39. Park DH, Yoon SH. Transsutural distraction osteogenesis for 285 children with craniosynostosis: a single-institution experience. J Neurosurg Pediatr, 2015. [Epub ahead of print].
40. 侯瑞, 韦敏, 袁捷, 等. Monobloc四段式截骨牵引治疗眶距增宽症合并面中部发育不良. 组织工程与重建外科杂志, 2013, 9(2): 102-105.
41. Yip JE, Kokich VG, Shepard TH. The effect of high doses of retinoic acid on prenatal craniofacial development in Macaca nemestrina. Teratology, 1980, 21(1): 29-38.
42. Cohen MM Jr. Sutural biology and the correlates of craniosynostosis. Am J Med Genet, 1993, 47(5): 581-616.
43. Winder J, Bibb R. Medical rapid prototyping technologies: state of the art and current limitations for application in oral and maxillofacial surgery. J Oral Maxillofac Surg, 2005, 63(7): 1006-1015.
44. Cao D, Yu Z, Chai G, et al. Application of EH compound artificial bone material combined with computerized three-dimensional reconstruction in craniomaxillofacial surgery. J Craniofac Surg, 2010, 21(2): 440-443.
45. Ni J, Yang B, Li B. Reconstructive operation of nonsyndromic multiple-suture craniosynostosis based on precise virtual plan and prefabricated template. J Craniofac Surg, 2017, 28(6): 1541-1542.
46. Sharaf B, Levine JP, Hirsch DL, et al. Importance of computer-aided design and manufacturing technology in the multidisciplinary approach to head and neck reconstruction. J Craniofac Surg, 2010, 21(4): 1277-1280.
47. Sun H, Li B, Zhao Z, et al. Error analysis of a CAD/CAM method for unidirectional mandibular distraction osteogenesis in the treatment of hemifacial microsomia. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg, 2013, 51(8): 892-897.
48. Ye N, Long H, Zhu S, et al. The accuracy of computer image-guided template for mandibular angle ostectomy. Aesthetic Plast Surg, 2015, 39(1): 117-123.
49. Li B, Zhang L, Sun H, et al. A novel method of computer aided orthognathic surgery using individual CAD/CAM templates: a combination of osteotomy and repositioning guides. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg, 2013, 51(8): e239-e244.
50. Metzger MC, Hohlweg-Majert B, Schwarz U, et al. Manufacturing splints for orthognathic surgery using a three-dimensional printer. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod, 2008, 105(2): e1-e7.
51. 彭雅滨, 毛小林, 王晓峰, 等. 数字化三维重建钛网在大面积颅骨缺损修补中的应用. 中国组织工程研究与临床康复, 2010, 14(26): 4760-4763.
52. Singare S, Dichen L, Bingheng L, et al. Design and fabrication of custom mandible titanium tray based on rapid prototyping. Med Eng Phys, 2004, 26(8): 671-676.
53. 欧飞, 段世均, 张金鸽, 等. 颅颌面部畸形个体数字化修复技术的临床应用. 中国组织工程研究与临床康复, 2010, (22): 4032-4035.
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