Research progress in biomechanics of Bristow-Latarjet procedure for anterior shoulder dislocation_Chinese Journal of Reparative and Reconstructive Surgery

Authors：

ZHANG Shuhan ¹ , ZHANG Min ² , SHAO Zhenxing ¹ ,  CUI Guoqing ¹

1. Department of Sports Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Institute of Sports Medicine of Peking University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Sports Injuries, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China;
2. School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China;

Corresponding author：

CUI Guoqing, Email: drcuiguoqing1964@126.com

Keywords：

Anterior shoulder dislocation; Bristow-Latarjet procedure; biomechanics

DOI：

10.7507/1002-1892.202210059

Video：

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Abstract Full text Figures/Tables Video References Cited by

Objective To review the research progress of the biomechanical study of the Bristow-Latarjet procedure for anterior shoulder dislocation. Methods The related biomechanical literature of Bristow-Latarjet procedure for anterior shoulder dislocation was extensively reviewed and summarized. Results The current literature suggests that when performing Bristow-Latarjet procedure, care should be taken to fix the bone block edge flush with the glenoid in the sagittal plane in the direction where the rupture of the joint capsule occurs. If traditional screw fixation is used, a double-cortical screw fixation should be applied, while details such as screw material have less influence on the biomechanical characteristics. Cortical button fixation is slightly inferior to screws in terms of biomechanical performance. The most frequent site of postoperative bone resorption is the proximal-medial part of the bone block, and the cause of bone resorption at this site may be related to the stress shielding caused by the screw. Conclusion There is no detailed standardized guidance for bone block fixation. The optimal clinical treatment plan for different degrees of injury, the factors influencing postoperative bone healing and remodeling, and the postoperative osteoarticular surface pressure still need to be further clarified by high-quality biomechanical studies.

Citation： ZHANG Shuhan, ZHANG Min, SHAO Zhenxing, CUI Guoqing. Research progress in biomechanics of Bristow-Latarjet procedure for anterior shoulder dislocation. Chinese Journal of Reparative and Reconstructive Surgery, 2023, 37(5): 518-525. doi: 10.7507/1002-1892.202210059 Copy

1.	Kazár B, Relovszky E. Prognosis of primary dislocation of the shoulder. Acta Orthop Scand, 1969, 40(2): 216-224.
2.	Cutts S, Prempeh M, Drew S. Anterior shoulder dislocation. Ann R Coll Surg Engl, 2009, 91(1): 2-7.
3.	Trojan JD, Meyer LE, Edgar CM, et al. Epidemiology of shoulder instability injuries in collision collegiate sports from 2009 to 2014. Arthroscopy, 2020, 36(1): 36-43.
4.	Wasserstein DN, Sheth U, Colbenson K, et al. The true recurrence rate and factors predicting recurrent instability after nonsurgical management of traumatic primary anterior shoulder dislocation: A systematic review. Arthroscopy, 2016, 32(12): 2616-2625.
5.	Kralinger FS, Golser K, Wischatta R, et al. Predicting recurrence after primary anterior shoulder dislocation. Am J Sports Med, 2002, 30(1): 116-120.
6.	Hovelius L, Augustini BG, Fredin H, et al. Primary anterior dislocation of the shoulder in young patients. A ten-year prospective study. J Bone Joint Surg (Am), 1996, 78(11): 1677-1684.
7.	Rossi LA, Frank RM, Wilke D, et al. Evaluation and management of glenohumeral instability with associated bone loss: An expert consensus statement using the modified delphi technique. Arthroscopy, 2021, 37(6): 1719-1728.
8.	Prada C, Al-Mohrej OA, Patel A, et al. Managing bone loss in shoulder instability-techniques and outcomes: a scoping review. Curr Rev Musculoskelet Med, 2021, 14(6): 447-461.
9.	Patel BH, Lu Y, Agarwalla A, et al. Maximal medical improvement following shoulder stabilization surgery may require up to 1 year: A systematic review. HSS J, 2020, 16(Suppl 2): 534-543.
10.	Friedman LGM, Lafosse L, Garrigues GE. Global perspectives on management of shoulder instability: Decision making and treatment. Orthop Clin North Am, 2020, 51(2): 241-258.
11.	Yamamoto N, Sano H, Itoi E. Conservative treatment of first-time shoulder dislocation with the arm in external rotation. J Shoulder Elbow Surg, 2010, 19(2 Suppl): 98-103.
12.	Hippocrates. On the articulations. The genuine works of Hippocrates. Clin Orthop Relat Res, 2002, (400): 19-25.
13.	Itoi E, Hatakeyama Y, Sato T, et al. Immobilization in external rotation after shoulder dislocation reduces the risk of recurrence. A randomized controlled trial. J Bone Joint Surg (Am), 2007, 89(10): 2124-2131.
14.	Aronen JG, Regan K. Decreasing the incidence of recurrence of first time anterior shoulder dislocations with rehabilitation. Am J Sports Med, 1984, 12(4): 283-291.
15.	Tasaki A, Morita W, Nozaki T, et al. Arthroscopic bankart repair and open bristow procedure in the treatment of anterior shoulder instability with osseous glenoid lesions in collision athletes. Orthop J Sports Med, 2021, 9(5): 23259671211008274. doi: 10.1177/23259671211008274.
16.	Shaha JS, Cook JB, Song DJ, et al. Redefining “critical” bone loss in shoulder instability: functional outcomes worsen with “subcritical” bone loss. Am J Sports Med, 2015, 43(7): 1719-1725.
17.	Yamamoto N, Itoi E, Abe H, et al. Effect of an anterior glenoid defect on anterior shoulder stability: a cadaveric study. Am J Sports Med, 2009, 37(5): 949-954.
18.	Shin SJ, Koh YW, Bui C, et al. What is the critical value of glenoid bone loss at which soft tissue bankart repair does not restore glenohumeral translation, restricts range of motion, and leads to abnormal humeral head position? Am J Sports Med, 2016, 44(11): 2784-2791.
19.	Klemt C, Toderita D, Nolte D, et al. The critical size of a defect in the glenoid causing anterior instability of the shoulder after a Bankart repair, under physiological joint loading. Bone Joint J, 2019, 101-B(1): 68-74.
20.	Longo UG, Loppini M, Rizzello G, et al. Management of primary acute anterior shoulder dislocation: systematic review and quantitative synthesis of the literature. Arthroscopy, 2014, 30(4): 506-522.
21.	Bankart ASB. The pathology and treatment of recurrent dislocation of the shoulder-joint. British Journal of Surgery, 1938, 26(101): 23-29.
22.	Wolf EM, Arianjam A. Hill-Sachs remplissage, an arthroscopic solution for the engaging Hill-Sachs lesion: 2- to 10-year follow-up and incidence of recurrence. J Shoulder Elbow Surg, 2014, 23(6): 814-820.
23.	Helfet AJ. Coracoid transplantation for recurring dislocation of the shoulder. J Bone Joint Surg (Br), 1958, 40-B(2): 198-202.
24.	Boileau P, Mercier N, Old J. Arthroscopic Bankart-Bristow-Latarjet (2B3) procedure: How to do it and tricks to make it easier and safe. Orthop Clin North Am, 2010, 41(3): 381-392.
25.	Lin L, Zhang M, Song Q, et al. Cuistow: Chinese unique inlay bristow: A novel arthroscopic surgical procedure for treatment of recurrent anterior shoulder instability with a minimum 3-year follow-up. J Bone Joint Surg (Am), 2021, 103(1): 15-22.
26.	Shao Z, Song Q, Cheng X, et al. An arthroscopic “inlay” bristow procedure with suture button fixation for the treatment of recurrent anterior glenohumeral instability: 3-year follow-up. Am J Sports Med, 2020, 48(11): 2638-2649.
27.	Lartarjet M. Treatment of recurrent dislocation of the shoulder. Lyon Chirurgical, 1954, 49(8): 994-997.
28.	Bhatia S, Frank RM, Ghodadra NS, et al. The outcomes and surgical techniques of the latarjet procedure. Arthroscopy, 2014, 30(2): 227-235.
29.	Gowd AK, Liu JN, Polce EM, et al. Return to sport following Latarjet glenoid reconstruction for anterior shoulder instability. J Shoulder Elbow Surg, 2021, 30(11): 2549-2559.
30.	Lavik K. Habitual shoulder luxation: Eden-Hybinette’s operation. Acta Orthop Scand, 1961, 30: 251-264.
31.	Hovelius L, Sandström B, Olofsson A, et al. The effect of capsular repair, bone block healing, and position on the results of the Bristow-Latarjet procedure (study Ⅲ): long-term follow-up in 319 shoulders. J Shoulder Elbow Surg, 2012, 21(5): 647-660.
32.	Imam MA, Shehata MSA, Martin A, et al. Bankart repair versus latarjet procedure for recurrent anterior shoulder instability: A systematic review and meta-analysis of 3275 shoulders. Am J Sports Med, 2021, 49(7): 1945-1953.
33.	Nadeem IM, Vancolen S, Horner NS, et al. Return to sport after coracoid bone block transfer for shoulder instability: A systematic review. HSS J, 2020, 16(3): 296-306.
34.	Yamamoto N, Muraki T, Sperling JW, et al. Stabilizing mechanism in bone-grafting of a large glenoid defect. J Bone Joint Surg (Am), 2010, 92(11): 2059-2066.
35.	Kephart CJ, Abdulian MH, McGarry MH, et al. Biomechanical analysis of the modified Bristow procedure for anterior shoulder instability: is the bone block necessary? J Shoulder Elbow Surg, 2014, 23(12): 1792-1799.
36.	Yamamoto N, Muraki T, An KN, et al. The stabilizing mechanism of the Latarjet procedure: a cadaveric study. J Bone Joint Surg (Am), 2013, 95(15): 1390-1397.
37.	Bliven KCH, Parr GP. Outcomes of the latarjet procedure compared with bankart repair for recurrent traumatic anterior shoulder instability. J Athl Train, 2018, 53(2): 181-183.
38.	Mizuno N, Denard PJ, Raiss P, et al. Long-term results of the Latarjet procedure for anterior instability of the shoulder. J Shoulder Elbow Surg, 2014, 23(11): 1691-1699.
39.	Griesser MJ, Harris JD, McCoy BW, et al. Complications and re-operations after Bristow-Latarjet shoulder stabilization: a systematic review. J Shoulder Elbow Surg, 2013, 22(2): 286-292.
40.	Boileau P, Thélu CÉ, Mercier N, et al. Arthroscopic Bristow-Latarjet combined with bankart repair restores shoulder stability in patients with glenoid bone loss. Clin Orthop Relat Res, 2014, 472(8): 2413-2424.
41.	Kordasiewicz B, Małachowski K, Kicinski M, et al. Comparative study of open and arthroscopic coracoid transfer for shoulder anterior instability (Latarjet)-clinical results at short term follow-up. Int Orthop, 2017, 41(5): 1023-1033.
42.	Butt U, Charalambous CP. Complications associated with open coracoid transfer procedures for shoulder instability. J Shoulder Elbow Surg, 2012, 21(8): 1110-1119.
43.	Boileau P, Gendre P, Baba M, et al. A guided surgical approach and novel fixation method for arthroscopic Latarjet. J Shoulder Elbow Surg, 2016, 25(1): 78-89.
44.	Giles JW, Degen RM, Johnson JA, et al. The Bristow and Latarjet procedures: why these techniques should not be considered synonymous. J Bone Joint Surg (Am), 2014, 96(16): 1340-1348.
45.	Boons HW, Giles JW, Elkinson I, et al. Classic versus congruent coracoid positioning during the Latarjet procedure: an in vitro biomechanical comparison. Arthroscopy, 2013, 29(2): 309-316.
46.	Armitage MS, Elkinson I, Giles JW, et al. An anatomic, computed tomographic assessment of the coracoid process with special reference to the congruent-arc Latarjet procedure. Arthroscopy, 2011, 27(11): 1485-1489.
47.	Thomas PR, Parks BG, Douoguih WA. Anterior shoulder instability with Bristow procedure versus conjoined tendon transfer alone in a simple soft-tissue model. Arthroscopy, 2010, 26(9): 1189-1194.
48.	Deng Z, Long Z, Lu W. LUtarjet-limit unique coracoid osteotomy Latarjet (with video). Burns Trauma, 2022, 10: tkac021. doi: 10.1093/burnst/tkac021.
49.	Dalmas Y, Thélu CE, Laumonerie P, et al. Arthroscopic double-button Latarjet: two-thirds of bone block healed at 90 days. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc, 2021, 29(1): 136-142.
50.	Xu J, Liu H, Lu W, et al. Modified arthroscopic latarjet procedure: Suture-button fixation achieves excellent remodeling at 3-year follow-up. Am J Sports Med, 2020, 48(1): 39-47.
51.	Williams RC, Morris RP, El Beaino M, et al. Cortical suture button fixation vs. bicortical screw fixation in the Latarjet procedure:a biomechanical comparison. J Shoulder Elbow Surg, 2020, 29(7): 1470-1478.
52.	梁达强, 蒯声政, 李瑛, 等. Latarjet 手术治疗肩关节前向脱位中螺钉固定与纽扣固定的生物力学对比分析. 中国修复重建外科杂志, 2020, 34(5): 602-607.
53.	Schmiddem U, Hawi N, Liodakis E, et al. Monocortical fixation of the coracoid in the Latarjet procedure is significantly weaker than bicortical fixation. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc, 2019, 27(1): 239-244.
54.	Weppe F, Magnussen RA, Lustig S, et al. A biomechanical evaluation of bicortical metal screw fixation versus absorbable interference screw fixation after coracoid transfer for anterior shoulder instability. Arthroscopy, 2011, 27(10): 1358-1363.
55.	Alvi HM, Monroe EJ, Muriuki M, et al. Latarjet fixation: A cadaveric biomechanical study evaluating cortical and cannulated screw fixation. Orthop J Sports Med, 2016, 4(4): 2325967116643533. doi: 10.1177/2325967116643533.
56.	Saleky B, Hapa O, Isin Y, et al. Suture anchor fixation strength in the Latarjet procedure: a biomechanical study in cadavers. Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol, 2019, 29(8): 1667-1672.
57.	Huish EG, Kelly SR, Cutter BM. Factors affecting biomechanical strength of Latarjet constructs: A systematic review and meta-regression. Shoulder Elbow, 2022, 14(1): 17-23.
58.	Willemot LB, Eby SF, Thoreson AR, et al. Iliac bone grafting of the intact glenoid improves shoulder stability with optimal graft positioning. J Shoulder Elbow Surg, 2015, 24(4): 533-540.
59.	Nourissat G, Delaroche C, Bouillet B, et al. Optimization of bone-block positioning in the Bristow-Latarjet procedure: a biomechanical study. Orthop Traumatol Surg Res, 2014, 100(5): 509-513.
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61.	Ghodadra N, Gupta A, Romeo AA, et al. Normalization of glenohumeral articular contact pressures after Latarjet or iliac crest bone-grafting. J Bone Joint Surg (Am), 2010, 92(6): 1478-1489.
62.	Saito H, Itoi E, Sugaya H, et al. Location of the glenoid defect in shoulders with recurrent anterior dislocation. Am J Sports Med, 2005, 33(6): 889-893.
63.	Willemot L, De Boey S, Van Tongel A, et al. Analysis of failures after the Bristow-Latarjet procedure for recurrent shoulder instability. Int Orthop, 2019, 43(8): 1899-1907.
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65.	Di Giacomo G, Costantini A, de Gasperis N, et al. Coracoid graft osteolysis after the Latarjet procedure for anteroinferior shoulder instability: a computed tomography scan study of twenty-six patients. J Shoulder Elbow Surg, 2011, 20(6): 989-995.
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67.	Kee YM, Kim JY, Kim HJ, et al. Fate of coracoid grafts after the Latarjet procedure: will be analogous to the original glenoid by remodelling. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc, 2018, 26(3): 926-932.
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1. Kazár B, Relovszky E. Prognosis of primary dislocation of the shoulder. Acta Orthop Scand, 1969, 40(2): 216-224.
2. Cutts S, Prempeh M, Drew S. Anterior shoulder dislocation. Ann R Coll Surg Engl, 2009, 91(1): 2-7.
3. Trojan JD, Meyer LE, Edgar CM, et al. Epidemiology of shoulder instability injuries in collision collegiate sports from 2009 to 2014. Arthroscopy, 2020, 36(1): 36-43.
4. Wasserstein DN, Sheth U, Colbenson K, et al. The true recurrence rate and factors predicting recurrent instability after nonsurgical management of traumatic primary anterior shoulder dislocation: A systematic review. Arthroscopy, 2016, 32(12): 2616-2625.
5. Kralinger FS, Golser K, Wischatta R, et al. Predicting recurrence after primary anterior shoulder dislocation. Am J Sports Med, 2002, 30(1): 116-120.
6. Hovelius L, Augustini BG, Fredin H, et al. Primary anterior dislocation of the shoulder in young patients. A ten-year prospective study. J Bone Joint Surg (Am), 1996, 78(11): 1677-1684.
7. Rossi LA, Frank RM, Wilke D, et al. Evaluation and management of glenohumeral instability with associated bone loss: An expert consensus statement using the modified delphi technique. Arthroscopy, 2021, 37(6): 1719-1728.
8. Prada C, Al-Mohrej OA, Patel A, et al. Managing bone loss in shoulder instability-techniques and outcomes: a scoping review. Curr Rev Musculoskelet Med, 2021, 14(6): 447-461.
9. Patel BH, Lu Y, Agarwalla A, et al. Maximal medical improvement following shoulder stabilization surgery may require up to 1 year: A systematic review. HSS J, 2020, 16(Suppl 2): 534-543.
10. Friedman LGM, Lafosse L, Garrigues GE. Global perspectives on management of shoulder instability: Decision making and treatment. Orthop Clin North Am, 2020, 51(2): 241-258.
11. Yamamoto N, Sano H, Itoi E. Conservative treatment of first-time shoulder dislocation with the arm in external rotation. J Shoulder Elbow Surg, 2010, 19(2 Suppl): 98-103.
12. Hippocrates. On the articulations. The genuine works of Hippocrates. Clin Orthop Relat Res, 2002, (400): 19-25.
13. Itoi E, Hatakeyama Y, Sato T, et al. Immobilization in external rotation after shoulder dislocation reduces the risk of recurrence. A randomized controlled trial. J Bone Joint Surg (Am), 2007, 89(10): 2124-2131.
14. Aronen JG, Regan K. Decreasing the incidence of recurrence of first time anterior shoulder dislocations with rehabilitation. Am J Sports Med, 1984, 12(4): 283-291.
15. Tasaki A, Morita W, Nozaki T, et al. Arthroscopic bankart repair and open bristow procedure in the treatment of anterior shoulder instability with osseous glenoid lesions in collision athletes. Orthop J Sports Med, 2021, 9(5): 23259671211008274. doi: 10.1177/23259671211008274.
16. Shaha JS, Cook JB, Song DJ, et al. Redefining “critical” bone loss in shoulder instability: functional outcomes worsen with “subcritical” bone loss. Am J Sports Med, 2015, 43(7): 1719-1725.
17. Yamamoto N, Itoi E, Abe H, et al. Effect of an anterior glenoid defect on anterior shoulder stability: a cadaveric study. Am J Sports Med, 2009, 37(5): 949-954.
18. Shin SJ, Koh YW, Bui C, et al. What is the critical value of glenoid bone loss at which soft tissue bankart repair does not restore glenohumeral translation, restricts range of motion, and leads to abnormal humeral head position? Am J Sports Med, 2016, 44(11): 2784-2791.
19. Klemt C, Toderita D, Nolte D, et al. The critical size of a defect in the glenoid causing anterior instability of the shoulder after a Bankart repair, under physiological joint loading. Bone Joint J, 2019, 101-B(1): 68-74.
20. Longo UG, Loppini M, Rizzello G, et al. Management of primary acute anterior shoulder dislocation: systematic review and quantitative synthesis of the literature. Arthroscopy, 2014, 30(4): 506-522.
21. Bankart ASB. The pathology and treatment of recurrent dislocation of the shoulder-joint. British Journal of Surgery, 1938, 26(101): 23-29.
22. Wolf EM, Arianjam A. Hill-Sachs remplissage, an arthroscopic solution for the engaging Hill-Sachs lesion: 2- to 10-year follow-up and incidence of recurrence. J Shoulder Elbow Surg, 2014, 23(6): 814-820.
23. Helfet AJ. Coracoid transplantation for recurring dislocation of the shoulder. J Bone Joint Surg (Br), 1958, 40-B(2): 198-202.
24. Boileau P, Mercier N, Old J. Arthroscopic Bankart-Bristow-Latarjet (2B3) procedure: How to do it and tricks to make it easier and safe. Orthop Clin North Am, 2010, 41(3): 381-392.
25. Lin L, Zhang M, Song Q, et al. Cuistow: Chinese unique inlay bristow: A novel arthroscopic surgical procedure for treatment of recurrent anterior shoulder instability with a minimum 3-year follow-up. J Bone Joint Surg (Am), 2021, 103(1): 15-22.
26. Shao Z, Song Q, Cheng X, et al. An arthroscopic “inlay” bristow procedure with suture button fixation for the treatment of recurrent anterior glenohumeral instability: 3-year follow-up. Am J Sports Med, 2020, 48(11): 2638-2649.
27. Lartarjet M. Treatment of recurrent dislocation of the shoulder. Lyon Chirurgical, 1954, 49(8): 994-997.
28. Bhatia S, Frank RM, Ghodadra NS, et al. The outcomes and surgical techniques of the latarjet procedure. Arthroscopy, 2014, 30(2): 227-235.
29. Gowd AK, Liu JN, Polce EM, et al. Return to sport following Latarjet glenoid reconstruction for anterior shoulder instability. J Shoulder Elbow Surg, 2021, 30(11): 2549-2559.
30. Lavik K. Habitual shoulder luxation: Eden-Hybinette’s operation. Acta Orthop Scand, 1961, 30: 251-264.
31. Hovelius L, Sandström B, Olofsson A, et al. The effect of capsular repair, bone block healing, and position on the results of the Bristow-Latarjet procedure (study Ⅲ): long-term follow-up in 319 shoulders. J Shoulder Elbow Surg, 2012, 21(5): 647-660.
32. Imam MA, Shehata MSA, Martin A, et al. Bankart repair versus latarjet procedure for recurrent anterior shoulder instability: A systematic review and meta-analysis of 3275 shoulders. Am J Sports Med, 2021, 49(7): 1945-1953.
33. Nadeem IM, Vancolen S, Horner NS, et al. Return to sport after coracoid bone block transfer for shoulder instability: A systematic review. HSS J, 2020, 16(3): 296-306.
34. Yamamoto N, Muraki T, Sperling JW, et al. Stabilizing mechanism in bone-grafting of a large glenoid defect. J Bone Joint Surg (Am), 2010, 92(11): 2059-2066.
35. Kephart CJ, Abdulian MH, McGarry MH, et al. Biomechanical analysis of the modified Bristow procedure for anterior shoulder instability: is the bone block necessary? J Shoulder Elbow Surg, 2014, 23(12): 1792-1799.
36. Yamamoto N, Muraki T, An KN, et al. The stabilizing mechanism of the Latarjet procedure: a cadaveric study. J Bone Joint Surg (Am), 2013, 95(15): 1390-1397.
37. Bliven KCH, Parr GP. Outcomes of the latarjet procedure compared with bankart repair for recurrent traumatic anterior shoulder instability. J Athl Train, 2018, 53(2): 181-183.
38. Mizuno N, Denard PJ, Raiss P, et al. Long-term results of the Latarjet procedure for anterior instability of the shoulder. J Shoulder Elbow Surg, 2014, 23(11): 1691-1699.
39. Griesser MJ, Harris JD, McCoy BW, et al. Complications and re-operations after Bristow-Latarjet shoulder stabilization: a systematic review. J Shoulder Elbow Surg, 2013, 22(2): 286-292.
40. Boileau P, Thélu CÉ, Mercier N, et al. Arthroscopic Bristow-Latarjet combined with bankart repair restores shoulder stability in patients with glenoid bone loss. Clin Orthop Relat Res, 2014, 472(8): 2413-2424.
41. Kordasiewicz B, Małachowski K, Kicinski M, et al. Comparative study of open and arthroscopic coracoid transfer for shoulder anterior instability (Latarjet)-clinical results at short term follow-up. Int Orthop, 2017, 41(5): 1023-1033.
42. Butt U, Charalambous CP. Complications associated with open coracoid transfer procedures for shoulder instability. J Shoulder Elbow Surg, 2012, 21(8): 1110-1119.
43. Boileau P, Gendre P, Baba M, et al. A guided surgical approach and novel fixation method for arthroscopic Latarjet. J Shoulder Elbow Surg, 2016, 25(1): 78-89.
44. Giles JW, Degen RM, Johnson JA, et al. The Bristow and Latarjet procedures: why these techniques should not be considered synonymous. J Bone Joint Surg (Am), 2014, 96(16): 1340-1348.
45. Boons HW, Giles JW, Elkinson I, et al. Classic versus congruent coracoid positioning during the Latarjet procedure: an in vitro biomechanical comparison. Arthroscopy, 2013, 29(2): 309-316.
46. Armitage MS, Elkinson I, Giles JW, et al. An anatomic, computed tomographic assessment of the coracoid process with special reference to the congruent-arc Latarjet procedure. Arthroscopy, 2011, 27(11): 1485-1489.
47. Thomas PR, Parks BG, Douoguih WA. Anterior shoulder instability with Bristow procedure versus conjoined tendon transfer alone in a simple soft-tissue model. Arthroscopy, 2010, 26(9): 1189-1194.
48. Deng Z, Long Z, Lu W. LUtarjet-limit unique coracoid osteotomy Latarjet (with video). Burns Trauma, 2022, 10: tkac021. doi: 10.1093/burnst/tkac021.
49. Dalmas Y, Thélu CE, Laumonerie P, et al. Arthroscopic double-button Latarjet: two-thirds of bone block healed at 90 days. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc, 2021, 29(1): 136-142.
50. Xu J, Liu H, Lu W, et al. Modified arthroscopic latarjet procedure: Suture-button fixation achieves excellent remodeling at 3-year follow-up. Am J Sports Med, 2020, 48(1): 39-47.
51. Williams RC, Morris RP, El Beaino M, et al. Cortical suture button fixation vs. bicortical screw fixation in the Latarjet procedure:a biomechanical comparison. J Shoulder Elbow Surg, 2020, 29(7): 1470-1478.
52. 梁达强, 蒯声政, 李瑛, 等. Latarjet 手术治疗肩关节前向脱位中螺钉固定与纽扣固定的生物力学对比分析. 中国修复重建外科杂志, 2020, 34(5): 602-607.
53. Schmiddem U, Hawi N, Liodakis E, et al. Monocortical fixation of the coracoid in the Latarjet procedure is significantly weaker than bicortical fixation. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc, 2019, 27(1): 239-244.
54. Weppe F, Magnussen RA, Lustig S, et al. A biomechanical evaluation of bicortical metal screw fixation versus absorbable interference screw fixation after coracoid transfer for anterior shoulder instability. Arthroscopy, 2011, 27(10): 1358-1363.
55. Alvi HM, Monroe EJ, Muriuki M, et al. Latarjet fixation: A cadaveric biomechanical study evaluating cortical and cannulated screw fixation. Orthop J Sports Med, 2016, 4(4): 2325967116643533. doi: 10.1177/2325967116643533.
56. Saleky B, Hapa O, Isin Y, et al. Suture anchor fixation strength in the Latarjet procedure: a biomechanical study in cadavers. Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol, 2019, 29(8): 1667-1672.
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Chinese Journal of Reparative and Reconstructive Surgery

Research progress in biomechanics of Bristow-Latarjet procedure for anterior shoulder dislocation

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