Renaissance of prepectoral implant-based breast reconstruction: theoretical basis and research status_Chinese Journal of Reparative and Reconstructive Surgery

Authors：

LIN Weiyi , CHEN Jie ,  TAN Qiuwen

Department of Breast Surgery, Clinical Center for Breast, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu Sichuan, 610041, P. R. China;

Corresponding author：

TAN Qiuwen, Email: hxtanqiuwen@163.com

Keywords：

Implant-based breast reconstruction; prepectoral; acellular dermal matrix; breast cancer

DOI：

10.7507/1002-1892.202210100

Video：

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Objective To overview the theoretical basis and research status of prepectoral implant-based breast reconstruction. Methods The domestic and foreign researches on the application of prepectoral implant-based breast reconstruction in breast reconstruction were retrospectively analyzed. The theoretical basis, clinical advantages, and limitations of this technique were summarized and the future development trend in this field was discussed. Results The recent advances in breast cancer oncology, the development of materials and the concept of oncology reconstruction have provided a theoretical basis for prepectoral implant-based breast reconstruction. The selection of patients and the experience of surgeons are crucial for postoperative outcomes. Ideal thickness and blood flow of flaps are the most important considerations for the selection of prepectoral implant-based breast reconstruction. However, its long-term reconstruction outcomes and clinical benefits and risks in Asian populations still need to be confirmed by more studies. Conclusion Prepectoral implant-based breast reconstruction has a broad application prospect in breast reconstruction following mastectomy. However, the evidence is limited at present. Randomized study with long-term follow-up is urgently in need to provide sufficient evidence to evaluate the safety and reliability of prepectoral implant-based breast reconstruction.

Citation： LIN Weiyi, CHEN Jie, TAN Qiuwen. Renaissance of prepectoral implant-based breast reconstruction: theoretical basis and research status. Chinese Journal of Reparative and Reconstructive Surgery, 2023, 37(2): 233-239. doi: 10.7507/1002-1892.202210100 Copy

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3.	Jonczyk MM, Jean J, Graham R, et al. Surgical trends in breast cancer: a rise in novel operative treatment options over a 12 year analysis. Breast Cancer Res Treat, 2019, 173(2): 267-274.
4.	Yang B, Ren G, Song E, et al. Current status and factors influencing surgical options for breast cancer in China: A nationwide cross-sectional survey of 110 hospitals. Oncologist, 2020, 25(10): e1473-e1480.
5.	Kelly AP Jr, Jacobson HS, Fox JI, et al. Complications of subcutaneous mastectomy and replacement by the Cronin silastic mammary prosthesis. Plast Reconstr Surg, 1966, 37(5): 438-445.
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11.	Carlson GW, Bostwick J 3rd, Styblo TM, et al. Skin-sparing mastectomy. Oncologic and reconstructive considerations. Ann Surg, 1997, 225(5): 570-578.
12.	Nava MB, Catanuto G, Pennati A, et al. Conservative mastectomies. Aesthetic Plast Surg, 2009, 33(5): 681-686.
13.	Romanoff A, Zabor EC, Stempel M, et al. A comparison of patient-reported outcomes after nipple-sparing mastectomy and conventional mastectomy with reconstruction. Ann Surg Oncol, 2018, 25(10): 2909-2916.
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18.	Stevens WG, Calobrace MB, Harrington J, et al. Nine-year core study data for Sientra’s FDA-approved round and shaped implants with high-strength cohesive silicone gel. Aesthet Surg J, 2016, 36(4): 404-416.
19.	Stevens WG, Calobrace MB, Alizadeh K, et al. Ten-year core study data for Sientra’s Food and Drug Administration-Approved Round and shaped breast implants with cohesive silicone gel. Plast Reconstr Surg, 2018, 141(4S Sientra Shaped and Round Cohesive Gel Implants): 7S-19S.
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35.	DeLong MR, Tandon VJ, Bertrand AA, et al. Review of outcomes in prepectoral prosthetic breast reconstruction with and without surgical mesh assistance. Plast Reconstr Surg, 2021, 147(2): 305-315.
36.	关山, 王宇, 张开通, 等. 应用钛化物聚乙烯网完全覆盖假体皮下植入行乳房重建15例分析. 中国实用外科杂志, 2017, 37(8): 903-906.
37.	Dieterich M, Faridi A. Biological matrices and synthetic meshes used in implant-based breast reconstruction—a review of products available in Germany. Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd, 2013, 73(11): 1100-1106.
38.	Dieterich M, Paepke S, Zwiefel K, et al. Implant-based breast reconstruction using a titanium-coated polypropylene mesh (TiLOOP Bra): a multicenter study of 231 cases. Plast Reconstr Surg, 2013, 132(1): 8e-19e.
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52.	Krastev T, van Turnhout A, Vriens E, et al. Long-term follow-up of autologous fat transfer vs conventional breast reconstruction and association with cancer relapse in patients with breast cancer. JAMA Surg, 2019, 154(1): 56-63.
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1. Siegel RL, Miller KD, Fuchs HE, et al. Cancer statistics, 2022. CA Cancer J Clin, 2022, 72(1): 7-33.
2. Franceschini G, Masetti R. Evidence-based nipple-sparing mastectomy in patients with higher body mass index: Recommendations for a successful standardized surgery. Am J Surg, 2020, 220(2): 393-394.
3. Jonczyk MM, Jean J, Graham R, et al. Surgical trends in breast cancer: a rise in novel operative treatment options over a 12 year analysis. Breast Cancer Res Treat, 2019, 173(2): 267-274.
4. Yang B, Ren G, Song E, et al. Current status and factors influencing surgical options for breast cancer in China: A nationwide cross-sectional survey of 110 hospitals. Oncologist, 2020, 25(10): e1473-e1480.
5. Kelly AP Jr, Jacobson HS, Fox JI, et al. Complications of subcutaneous mastectomy and replacement by the Cronin silastic mammary prosthesis. Plast Reconstr Surg, 1966, 37(5): 438-445.
6. Casella D, Di Taranto G, Marcasciano M, et al. Evaluation of prepectoral implant placement and complete coverage with TiLoop Bra Mesh for breast reconstruction: A prospective study on long-term and patient-reported BREAST-Q outcomes. Plast Reconstr Surg, 2019, 143(1): 1e-9e.
7. Cuomo R, Giardino FR, Neri A, et al. Optimization of prepectoral breast reconstruction. Breast Care (Basel), 2021, 16(1): 36-42.
8. Safran T, Al-Halabi B, Dionisopoulos T. Prepectoral breast reconstruction: A growth story. Plast Reconstr Surg, 2019, 144(3): 525e-527e.
9. Veronesi U, Stafyla V, Luini A, et al. Breast cancer: from “maximum tolerable” to “minimum effective” treatment. Front Oncol, 2012, 2: 125. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2012.00125.
10. Nava MB, Cortinovis U, Ottolenghi J, et al. Skin-reducing mastectomy. Plast Reconstr Surg, 2006, 118(3): 603-613.
11. Carlson GW, Bostwick J 3rd, Styblo TM, et al. Skin-sparing mastectomy. Oncologic and reconstructive considerations. Ann Surg, 1997, 225(5): 570-578.
12. Nava MB, Catanuto G, Pennati A, et al. Conservative mastectomies. Aesthetic Plast Surg, 2009, 33(5): 681-686.
13. Romanoff A, Zabor EC, Stempel M, et al. A comparison of patient-reported outcomes after nipple-sparing mastectomy and conventional mastectomy with reconstruction. Ann Surg Oncol, 2018, 25(10): 2909-2916.
14. Sinnott CJ, Persing SM, Pronovost M, et al. Impact of postmastectomy radiation therapy in prepectoral versus subpectoral implant-based breast reconstruction. Ann Surg Oncol 2018, 25(10): 2899-2908.
15. Monrigal E, Dauplat J, Gimbergues P, et al. Mastectomy with immediate breast reconstruction after neoadjuvant chemotherapy and radiation therapy. A new option for patients with operable invasive breast cancer. Results of a 20 years single institution study. Eur J Surg Oncol, 2011, 37(10): 864-870.
16. Paillocher N, Florczak AS, Richard M, et al. Evaluation of mastectomy with immediate autologous latissimus dorsi breast reconstruction following neoadjuvant chemotherapy and radiation therapy: A single institution study of 111 cases of invasive breast carcinoma. Eur J Surg Oncol, 2016, 42(7): 949-955.
17. Stevens WG, Harrington J, Alizadeh K, et al. Eight-year follow-up data from the U. S. clinical trial for Sientra’s FDA-approved round and shaped implants with high-strength cohesive silicone gel. Aesthet Surg J, 2015, 35 Suppl 1: S3-S10.
18. Stevens WG, Calobrace MB, Harrington J, et al. Nine-year core study data for Sientra’s FDA-approved round and shaped implants with high-strength cohesive silicone gel. Aesthet Surg J, 2016, 36(4): 404-416.
19. Stevens WG, Calobrace MB, Alizadeh K, et al. Ten-year core study data for Sientra’s Food and Drug Administration-Approved Round and shaped breast implants with cohesive silicone gel. Plast Reconstr Surg, 2018, 141(4S Sientra Shaped and Round Cohesive Gel Implants): 7S-19S.
20. Montemurro P, Cheema M, Hedén P, et al. Do not fear an implant’s shape: A single surgeon’s experience of over 1200 round and shaped textured implants in primary breast augmentation. Aesthet Surg J, 2018, 38(3): 254-261.
21. DeCoster RC, Lynch EB, Bonaroti AR, et al. Breast implant-associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma: An evidence-based systematic review. Ann Surg, 2021, 273(3): 449-458.
22. Govrin-Yehudain J, Dvir H, Preise D, et al. Lightweight breast implants: a novel solution for breast augmentation and reconstruction mammaplasty. Aesthet Surg J, 2015, 35(8): 965-971.
23. Vidya R, Iqbal FM. A guide to prepectoral breast reconstruction: A new dimension to implant-based breast reconstruction. Clin Breast Cancer, 2017, 17(4): 266-271.
24. Zhu Z, Yuan ZQ, Huang C, et al. Pre-culture of adipose-derived stem cells and heterologous acellular dermal matrix: paracrine functions promote post-implantation neovascularization and attenuate inflammatory response. Biomed Mater, 2019, 14(3): 035002. doi: 10.1088/1748-605X/ab0355.
25. Salzberg CA, Ashikari AY, Berry C, et al. Acellular dermal matrix-assisted direct-to-implant breast reconstruction and capsular contracture: A 13-year experience. Plast Reconstr Surg, 2016, 138(2): 329-337.
26. Potter S, Browning D, Savović J, et al. Systematic review and critical appraisal of the impact of acellular dermal matrix use on the outcomes of implant-based breast reconstruction. Br J Surg, 2015, 102(9): 1010-1025.
27. Wu C, Cipriano J, Osgood G Jr, et al. Human acellular dermal matrix (AlloDerm^®) dimensional changes and stretching in tissue expander/implant breast reconstruction. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg, 2013, 66(10): 1376-1381.
28. Safran T, Al-Halabi B, Viezel-Mathieu A, et al. Direct-to-implant prepectoral breast reconstruction: Patient-reported outcomes. Plast Reconstr Surg, 2021, 148(6): 882e-890e.
29. Sobti N, Weitzman RE, Nealon KP, et al. Evaluation of capsular contracture following immediate prepectoral versus subpectoral direct-to-implant breast reconstruction. Sci Rep, 2020, 10(1): 1137. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-58094-4.
30. Wagner RD, Braun TL, Zhu H, et al. A systematic review of complications in prepectoral breast reconstruction. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg, 2019, 72(7): 1051-1059.
31. Safran T, Al-Halabi B, Viezel-Mathieu A, et al. Direct-to-implant, prepectoral breast reconstruction: A single-surgeon experience with 201 consecutive patients. Plast Reconstr Surg, 2020, 145(4): 686e-696e.
32. Woo A, Harless C, Jacobson SR. Revisiting an old place: Single-surgeon experience on post-mastectomy subcutaneous implant-based breast reconstruction. Breast J, 2017, 23(5): 545-553.
33. Salibian AH, Harness JK, Mowlds DS. Staged suprapectoral expander/implant reconstruction without acellular dermal matrix following nipple-sparing mastectomy. Plast Reconstr Surg, 2017, 139(1): 30-39.
34. Glasberg SB. The Economics of prepectoral breast reconstruction. Plast Reconstr Surg, 2017, 140(6S Prepectoral Breast Recons-truction): 49S-52S.
35. DeLong MR, Tandon VJ, Bertrand AA, et al. Review of outcomes in prepectoral prosthetic breast reconstruction with and without surgical mesh assistance. Plast Reconstr Surg, 2021, 147(2): 305-315.
36. 关山, 王宇, 张开通, 等. 应用钛化物聚乙烯网完全覆盖假体皮下植入行乳房重建15例分析. 中国实用外科杂志, 2017, 37(8): 903-906.
37. Dieterich M, Faridi A. Biological matrices and synthetic meshes used in implant-based breast reconstruction—a review of products available in Germany. Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd, 2013, 73(11): 1100-1106.
38. Dieterich M, Paepke S, Zwiefel K, et al. Implant-based breast reconstruction using a titanium-coated polypropylene mesh (TiLOOP Bra): a multicenter study of 231 cases. Plast Reconstr Surg, 2013, 132(1): 8e-19e.
39. Eichler C, Schulz C, Thangarajah F, et al. A retrospective head-to-head comparison between TiLoop Bra/TiMesh^® and Seragyn^® in 320 cases of reconstructive breast surgery. Anticancer Res, 2019, 39(5): 2599-2605.
40. Gschwantler-Kaulich D, Schrenk P, Bjelic-Radisic V, et al. Mesh versus acellular dermal matrix in immediate implant-based breast reconstruction-A prospective randomized trial. Eur J Surg Oncol, 2016, 42(5): 665-671.
41. Logan Ellis H, Asaolu O, Nebo V, et al. Biological and synthetic mesh use in breast reconstructive surgery: a literature review. World J Surg Oncol, 2016, 14: 121. doi: 10.1186/s12957-016-0874-9.
42. Manrique OJ, Huang TC, Martinez-Jorge J, et al. Prepectoral two-stage implant-based breast reconstruction with and without acellular dermal matrix: Do we see a difference? Plast Reconstr Surg, 2020, 145(2): 263e-272e.
43. Kolasinski J. Total breast reconstruction with fat grafting combined with internal tissue expansion. Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open, 2019, 7(4): e2009. doi: 10.1097/GOX.0000000000002009.
44. Cogliandro A, Barone M, Tenna S, et al. The role of lipofilling after breast reconstruction: Evaluation of outcomes and patient satisfaction with BREAST-Q. Aesthetic Plast Surg, 2017, 41(6): 1325-1331.
45. Brown AWW, Kabir M, Sherman KA, et al. Patient reported outcomes of autologous fat grafting after breast cancer surgery. Breast, 2017, 35: 14-20.
46. Garza RM, Paik KJ, Chung MT, et al. Studies in fat grafting: Part Ⅲ. Fat grafting irradiated tissue-improved skin quality and decreased fat graft retention. Plast Reconstr Surg, 2014, 134(2): 249-257.
47. Luan A, Duscher D, Whittam AJ, et al. Cell-assisted lipotransfer improves volume retention in irradiated recipient sites and rescues radiation-induced skin changes. Stem Cells, 2016, 34(3): 668-673.
48. Gentilucci M, Mazzocchi M, Alfano C. Effects of prophylactic lipofilling after radiotherapy compared to non-fat injected breasts: A randomized, objective study. Aesthet Surg J, 2020, 40(10): NP597-NP607.
49. Stillaert F, Lannau B, Van Landuyt K, et al. The prepectoral, hybrid breast reconstruction: The synergy of lipofilling and breast implants. Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open, 2020, 8(7): e2966. doi: 10.1097/GOX.0000000000002966.
50. Stumpf CC, Zucatto AE, Cavalheiro JAC, et al. Oncologic safety of immediate autologous fat grafting for reconstruction in breast-conserving surgery. Breast Cancer Res Treat, 2020, 180(2): 301-309.
51. Hanson SE, Kapur SK, Garvey PB, et al. Oncologic safety and surveillance of autologous fat grafting following breast conservation therapy. Plast Reconstr Surg, 2020, 146(2): 215-225.
52. Krastev T, van Turnhout A, Vriens E, et al. Long-term follow-up of autologous fat transfer vs conventional breast reconstruction and association with cancer relapse in patients with breast cancer. JAMA Surg, 2019, 154(1): 56-63.
53. Holm C, Tegeler J, Mayr M, et al. Monitoring free flaps using laser-induced fluorescence of indocyanine green: a preliminary experience. Microsurgery, 2002, 22(7): 278-287.
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