Research on the method of loading exosomes onto absorbable stents_Chinese Journal of Reparative and Reconstructive Surgery

Authors：

WANG Chenchen ¹ , LI Tianbo ² ^△ , GUO Ruimin ³ ^△ ,  JI Qinghui ¹ ,  WANG Jiangning ² ,  CAO Yulin ³

1. Jiamusi University, Jiamusi Heilongjiang, 154007, P. R. China;
2. Department of Orthopedics, Shijitan Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100038, P. R. China;
3. Tangyi Holdings (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd, Shenzhen Guangdong, 518000, P. R. China;

Corresponding author：

JI Qinghui, Email: jqh19833@163.com; WANG Jiangning, Email: doctorjnwang@163.com; CAO Yulin, Email: caoyl@tangyigroup.com

Keywords：

Exosome; absorbable stent; characterization

DOI：

10.7507/1002-1892.202310068

Video：

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Objective To explore a method of loading exosomes onto absorbable stents. Methods By building a stent-(3-aminopropyl) triethoxysilane-1, 2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-N-[methoxy (polyethylene glycol) 5000]-exosomes connection, the exosomes were loaded onto absorbable stents to obtained the exosome-eluting absorbable stents. The surface conditions of the stents and absorption of exosomes were observed by scanning electron microscope and identified through the time-of-flight mass spectrometry; the roughness of the stents’ surfaces was observed by atomic force microscope; the appearances and sizes of the stents were observed by stereomicroscope; and the radial force was tested by tensile test machine. The absorbable stents were used as control. Results The scanning electron microscope observation showed that the exosome-eluting absorbable stents had some small irregular cracks on the surface where many exosomes could be seen. The atomic force microscopy observation showed that within the range of 5 μm², the surface roughness of the absorbable stents was ±20 nm, while the surface roughness of the exosome-eluting absorbable stents was ±70 nm. In the results of time-of-flight mass spectrometry, both the exosome-eluting absorbable stents and exosomes had a peak at the mass charge ratio of 81 (m/z 81), while the absorbable stents did not have this peak. The peak of exosome-eluting absorbable stents at m/z 73 showed a significant decrease compared to the absorbable stents. The stereomicroscope observation showed that the sizes of exosome-eluting absorbable stents met standards and the surfaces had no cracks, burrs, or depressions. The radial force results of the exosome-eluting absorbable stents met the strength standards of the original absorbable stent. Conclusion By applying the chemical connection method, the exosomes successfully loaded onto the absorbable stents. And the sizes and radial forces of this exosome-eluting absorbable stents meet the standards of the original absorbable stents.

Citation： WANG Chenchen, LI Tianbo, GUO Ruimin, JI Qinghui, WANG Jiangning, CAO Yulin. Research on the method of loading exosomes onto absorbable stents. Chinese Journal of Reparative and Reconstructive Surgery, 2024, 38(2): 206-210. doi: 10.7507/1002-1892.202310068 Copy

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13.	Wang Y, Zhu J, Chen J, et al. The signaling pathways induced by exosomes in promoting diabetic wound healing: a mini-review. Curr Issues Mol Biol, 2022, 44(10): 4960-4976.
14.	王江文, 易阳艳, 朱元正. MSCs来源外泌体在创面修复中的研究进展. 中国修复重建外科杂志, 2019, 33(5): 634-639.
15.	张璟琳, 冷敏, 朱博恒, 等. 干细胞源外泌体促进糖尿病创面愈合的机制及应用. 中国组织工程研究, 2022, 26(7): 1113-1118.
16.	Hu S, Li Z, Shen D, et al. Exosome-eluting stents for vascular healing after ischaemic injury. Nat Biomed Eng, 2021, 5(10): 1174-1188.
17.	Anderton CR, Vaezian B, Lou K, et al. Identification of a lipid-related peak set to enhance the interpretation of TOF-SIMS data from model and cellular membranes: A lipid-related peak set for interpreting TOF-SIMS data from membranes. J Surface and Interface Analysis, 2012, 44(3): 322-333.
18.	Nandan S, Schiavi-Tritz J, Hellmuth R, et al. Design and verification of a novel perfusion bioreactor to evaluate the performance of a self-expanding stent for peripheral artery applications. Front Med Technol, 2022, 4: 886458.
19.	Wang L, Jiao L, Pang S, et al. The development of design and manufacture techniques for bioresorbable coronary artery stents. Micromachines (Basel), 2021, 12(8): 990.
20.	Liu R, Xu S, Luo X, et al. Theoretical and numerical analysis of mechanical behaviors of a metamaterial-based shape memory polymer stent. Polymers (Basel), 2020, 12(8): 1784.
21.	国家药品监督管理局. 球囊扩张和自扩张血管支架的径向载荷测试方法 YY/T1660-2019. 北京: 中国标准出版社, 2019.

1. 王江宁, 高磊. 糖尿病足慢性创面治疗的新进展. 中国修复重建外科杂志, 2018, 32(7): 832-837.
2. Flumignan CDQ, Amaral FCF, Flumignan RLG, et al. Angioplasty and stenting for below the knee ulcers in diabetic patients: protocol for a systematic review. Syst Rev, 2018, 7(1): 228.
3. Soyoye DO, Abiodun OO, Ikem RT, et al. Diabetes and peripheral artery disease: A review. World J Diabetes, 2021, 12(6): 827-838.
4. 戴兵, 戴伟. 糖尿病足下肢动脉病变血管外科治疗进展. 医学研究生学报, 2021, 34(10): 1102-1105.
5. Nather A, Cao S, Chen JLW, et al. Prevention of diabetic foot complications. Singapore Med J, 2018, 59(6): 291-294.
6. Reardon R, Simring D, Kim B, et al. The diabetic foot ulcer. Aust J Gen Pract, 2020, 49(5): 250-255.
7. Marco M, Valentina I, Daniele M, et al. Peripheral arterial disease in persons with diabetic foot ulceration: a current comprehensive overview. Curr Diabetes Rev, 2021, 17(4): 474-485.
8. 中国糖尿病足细胞与介入治疗技术联盟, 中国介入医师分会介入医学与生物工程技术委员会, 国家放射与治疗临床医学研究中心. 糖尿病足介入综合诊治临床指南(第六版). 介入放射学杂志, 2020, 29(9): 853-866.
9. Rykowska I, Nowak I, Nowak R. Drug-eluting stents and balloons-materials, structure designs, and coating techniques: a review. Molecules, 2020, 25(20): 4624.
10. Canfield J, Totary-Jain H. 40 years of percutaneous coronary intervention: history and future directions. J Pers Med, 2018, 8(4): 33.
11. Hu T, Yang C, Lin S, et al. Biodegradable stents for coronary artery disease treatment: Recent advances and future perspectives. Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl, 2018, 91: 163-178.
12. Byrne RA, Joner M, Kastrati A. Stent thrombosis and restenosis: what have we learned and where are we going? The Andreas Grüntzig Lecture ESC 2014. Eur Heart J, 2015, 36(47): 3320-3331.
13. Wang Y, Zhu J, Chen J, et al. The signaling pathways induced by exosomes in promoting diabetic wound healing: a mini-review. Curr Issues Mol Biol, 2022, 44(10): 4960-4976.
14. 王江文, 易阳艳, 朱元正. MSCs来源外泌体在创面修复中的研究进展. 中国修复重建外科杂志, 2019, 33(5): 634-639.
15. 张璟琳, 冷敏, 朱博恒, 等. 干细胞源外泌体促进糖尿病创面愈合的机制及应用. 中国组织工程研究, 2022, 26(7): 1113-1118.
16. Hu S, Li Z, Shen D, et al. Exosome-eluting stents for vascular healing after ischaemic injury. Nat Biomed Eng, 2021, 5(10): 1174-1188.
17. Anderton CR, Vaezian B, Lou K, et al. Identification of a lipid-related peak set to enhance the interpretation of TOF-SIMS data from model and cellular membranes: A lipid-related peak set for interpreting TOF-SIMS data from membranes. J Surface and Interface Analysis, 2012, 44(3): 322-333.
18. Nandan S, Schiavi-Tritz J, Hellmuth R, et al. Design and verification of a novel perfusion bioreactor to evaluate the performance of a self-expanding stent for peripheral artery applications. Front Med Technol, 2022, 4: 886458.
19. Wang L, Jiao L, Pang S, et al. The development of design and manufacture techniques for bioresorbable coronary artery stents. Micromachines (Basel), 2021, 12(8): 990.
20. Liu R, Xu S, Luo X, et al. Theoretical and numerical analysis of mechanical behaviors of a metamaterial-based shape memory polymer stent. Polymers (Basel), 2020, 12(8): 1784.
21. 国家药品监督管理局. 球囊扩张和自扩张血管支架的径向载荷测试方法 YY/T1660-2019. 北京: 中国标准出版社, 2019.

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