Comprehensive Quantitative Interpretation of Radiologic Features of Lung Adenocarcinoma Showed as Ground-glass Opacity_Chinese Journal of Clinical Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery

Authors：

SHEYun-lang , ZHAOLi-lan ,  CHENChang

Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China;

Corresponding author：

CHENChang, Email: changchen@hotmail.com

Keywords：

Ground-glass opacity; Lung adenocarcinoma; Radiology; Histopathology

DOI：

10.7507/1007-4848.20160220

Video：

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Lung ground glass opacity (GGO), which is associated with the pathology of the lung adenocarcinoma, is drawing more and more attention with the increased detection rate. However, it is still in the research stage for the imaging interpretation of GGO lesions. In this paper, we reviewed and analyzed the new classification of lung adenocarcinoma corresponding to the interpretation of GGO imaging feature, which emphasizes on how to determine the GGO lesions comprehensively and quantitative determination of the invasive extent of GGO.

Citation： SHEYun-lang, ZHAOLi-lan, CHENChang. Comprehensive Quantitative Interpretation of Radiologic Features of Lung Adenocarcinoma Showed as Ground-glass Opacity. Chinese Journal of Clinical Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, 2016, 23(9): 921-924. doi: 10.7507/1007-4848.20160220 Copy

1.	Remy-Jardin M, Remy J, Giraud F, et al. Computed tomography assessment of ground-glass opacity:semiology and significance. J Thorac Imaging, 1993, 8(4):249-264.
2.	Collins J, Stern EJ. Ground-glass opacity at CT:the ABCs. AJR Am J Roentgenol, 1997, 169(2):355-367.
3.	Hansell DM, Bankier AA, Macmahon H, et al. Fleischner Society:glossary of terms for thoracic imaging. Radiology, 2008, 246(3):697-722.
4.	Jang HJ, Lee KS, Kwon OJ, et al. Bronchioloalveolar carcinoma:focal area of ground-glass attenuation at thin-section CT as an early sign. Radiology, 1996, 199(2):485-488.
5.	Aoki T, Nakata H, Watanabe H, et al. Evolution of peripheral lung adenocarcinomas:CT findings correlated with histology and tumor doubling time. AJR Am J Roentgenol, 2000, 174(3):763-768.
6.	Nakajima R, Yokose T, Kakinuma R, et al. Localized pure ground-glass opacity on high-resolution CT:histologic characteristics. J Comput Assist Tomogr, 2002, 26(3):323-329.
7.	Nakata M, Saeki H, Takata I, et al. Focal ground-glass opacity detected by low-dose helical CT. Chest, 2002, 121(5):1464-1467.
8.	Kakinuma R, Ohmatsu H, Kaneko M, et al. Progression of focal pure ground-glass opacity detected by low-dose helical computed tomography screening for lung cancer. J Comput Assist Tomogr, 2004, 28(1):17-23.
9.	Chang B, Hwang JH, Choi YH, et al. Natural history of pure groundglass opacity lung nodules detected by low-dose CT scan. Chest, 2013, 143(1):172-178.
10.	Aberle DR, Adams AM, Berg CD, et al. Reduced lung-cancer mortality with low-dose computed tomographic screening. N Engl J Med, 2011, 365(5):395-409.
11.	Park CM, Goo JM, Lee HJ, et al. Nodular ground-glass opacity at thin-section CT:histologic correlation and evaluation of change at follow-up. Radiographics, 2007, 27(2):391-408.
12.	Li F, Sone S, Abe H, et al. Malignant versus benign nodules at CT screening for lung cancer:comparison of thin-section CT findings. Radiology, 2004, 233(3):793-798.
13.	Takashima S, Maruyama Y, Hasegawa M, et al. CT findings and progression of small peripheral lung neoplasms having a replacement growth pattern. AJR Am J Roentgenol, 2003, 180(3):817-826.
14.	Sawada S, Komori E, Nogami N, et al. Evaluation of lesions corresponding to ground-glass opacities that were resected after computed tomography follow-up examination. Lung Cancer, 2009, 65(2):176-179.
15.	Yamada S, Kohno T. Video-assisted thoracic surgery for pure ground-glass opacities 2 cm or less in diameter. Ann Thorac Surg, 2004, 77(6):1911-1915.
16.	Mun M, Kohno T. Efficacy of thoracoscopic resection for multifocal bronchioloalveolar carcinoma showing pure ground-glass opacities of 20 mm or less in diameter. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 2007, 134(4):877-882.
17.	Yoshida J, Nagai K, Yokose T, et al. Limited resection trial for pulmonary ground-glass opacity nodules:fifty-case experience. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 2005, 129(5):991-996.
18.	Travis WD, Brambilla E, Noguchi M, et al. International association for the study of lung cancer/american thoracic society/european respiratory society international multidisciplinary classification of lung adenocarcinoma. J Thorac Oncol, 2011, 6(2):244-285.
19.	Detterbeck FC, Homer RJ. Approach to the ground-glass nodule. Clin Chest Med, 2011, 32(4):799-810.
20.	Xing Y, Li Z, Jiang S, et al. Analysis of pre-invasive lung adenocarcinoma lesions on thin-section computerized tomography. Clin Respir J, 2015, 9(3):289-296.
21.	Lee SM, Goo JM, Lee KH, et al. CT findings of minimally invasive adenocarcinoma (MIA) of the lung and comparison of solid portion measurement methods at CT in 52 patients. Eur Radiol, 2015, 25(8):2318-2325.
22.	Lim HJ, Ahn S, Lee KS, et al. Persistent pure ground-glass opacity lung nodules≥10 mm in diameter at CT scan:histopathologic comparisons and prognostic implications. Chest, 2013, 144(4):1291-1299.
23.	Zhang Y, Qiang JW, Ye JD, et al. High resolution CT in differentiating minimally invasive component in early lung adenocarcinoma. Lung Cancer, 2014, 84(3):236-241.
24.	Lee SM, Park CM, Goo JM, et al. Invasive pulmonary adenocarcinomas versus preinvasive lesions appearing as ground-glass nodules: differentiation by using CT features. Radiology, 2013, 268(1):265-273.
25.	Liu LH, Liu M, Wei R, et al. CT findings of persistent pure ground glass opacity:can we predict the invasiveness? Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 2015, 16(5):1925-1928.
26.	Son JY, Lee HY, Lee KS, et al. Quantitative CT analysis of pulmonary ground-glass opacity nodules for the distinction of invasive adenocarcinoma from pre-invasive or minimally invasive adenocarcinoma. PLoS One, 2014, 9(8):e104066.
27.	Chae HD, Park CM, Park SJ, et al. Computerized texture analysis of persistent part-solid ground-glass nodules:differentiation of preinvasive lesions from invasive pulmonary adenocarcinomas. Radiology, 2014, 273(1):285-293.
28.	Son JY, Lee HY, Kim JH, et al. Quantitative CT analysis of pulmonary ground-glass opacity nodules for distinguishing invasive adenocarcinoma from non-invasive or minimally invasive adenocarcinoma:the added value of using iodine mapping. Eur Radiol, 2015, 26(1):43-54.
29.	Naidich DP, Bankier AA, Macmahon H, et al. Recommendations for the management of subsolid pulmonary nodules detected at CT: a statement from the Fleischner Society. Radiology, 2013, 266(1):304-317.
30.	Shimizu K, Ikeda N, Tsuboi M, et al. Percutaneous CT-guided fine needle aspiration for lung cancer smaller than 2 cm and revealed by ground-glass opacity at CT. Lung Cancer, 2006, 51(2):173-179.
31.	Kim TJ, Lee JH, Lee CT, et al. Diagnostic accuracy of CT-guided core biopsy of ground-glass opacity pulmonary lesions. AJR Am J Roentgenol, 2008, 190(1):234-239.
32.	Lu CH, Hsiao CH, Chang YC, et al. Percutaneous computed tomography-guided coaxial core biopsy for small pulmonary lesions with ground-glass attenuation. J Thorac Oncol, 2012, 7(1):143-150.
33.	Hur J, Lee HJ, Nam JE, et al. Diagnostic accuracy of CT fluoroscopy-guided needle aspiration biopsy of ground-glass opacity pulmonary lesions. AJR Am J Roentgenol, 2009, 192(3):629-634.
34.	Inoue D, Gobara H, Hiraki T, et al. CT fluoroscopy-guided cutting needle biopsy of focal pure ground-glass opacity lung lesions:diagnostic yield in 83 lesions. Eur J Radiol, 2012, 81(2):354-359.
35.	Yamauchi Y, Izumi Y, Nakatsuka S, et al. Diagnostic performance of percutaneous core needle lung biopsy under multi-CT fluoroscopic guidance for ground-glass opacity pulmonary lesions. Eur J Radiol, 2011, 79(2):e85-e89.
36.	Zheng B, Zhou X, Chen J, et al. A modified model for preoperatively predicting malignancy of solitary pulmonary nodules:An Asia cohort study. Ann Thorac Surg, 2015, 100(1):288-294.
37.	Liang J, Xu XQ, Xu H, et al. Using the CT features to differentiate invasive pulmonary adenocarcinoma from pre-invasive lesion appearing as pure or mixed ground-glass nodules. Br J Radiol, 2015, 88(1053):20140811.

1. Remy-Jardin M, Remy J, Giraud F, et al. Computed tomography assessment of ground-glass opacity:semiology and significance. J Thorac Imaging, 1993, 8(4):249-264.
2. Collins J, Stern EJ. Ground-glass opacity at CT:the ABCs. AJR Am J Roentgenol, 1997, 169(2):355-367.
3. Hansell DM, Bankier AA, Macmahon H, et al. Fleischner Society:glossary of terms for thoracic imaging. Radiology, 2008, 246(3):697-722.
4. Jang HJ, Lee KS, Kwon OJ, et al. Bronchioloalveolar carcinoma:focal area of ground-glass attenuation at thin-section CT as an early sign. Radiology, 1996, 199(2):485-488.
5. Aoki T, Nakata H, Watanabe H, et al. Evolution of peripheral lung adenocarcinomas:CT findings correlated with histology and tumor doubling time. AJR Am J Roentgenol, 2000, 174(3):763-768.
6. Nakajima R, Yokose T, Kakinuma R, et al. Localized pure ground-glass opacity on high-resolution CT:histologic characteristics. J Comput Assist Tomogr, 2002, 26(3):323-329.
7. Nakata M, Saeki H, Takata I, et al. Focal ground-glass opacity detected by low-dose helical CT. Chest, 2002, 121(5):1464-1467.
8. Kakinuma R, Ohmatsu H, Kaneko M, et al. Progression of focal pure ground-glass opacity detected by low-dose helical computed tomography screening for lung cancer. J Comput Assist Tomogr, 2004, 28(1):17-23.
9. Chang B, Hwang JH, Choi YH, et al. Natural history of pure groundglass opacity lung nodules detected by low-dose CT scan. Chest, 2013, 143(1):172-178.
10. Aberle DR, Adams AM, Berg CD, et al. Reduced lung-cancer mortality with low-dose computed tomographic screening. N Engl J Med, 2011, 365(5):395-409.
11. Park CM, Goo JM, Lee HJ, et al. Nodular ground-glass opacity at thin-section CT:histologic correlation and evaluation of change at follow-up. Radiographics, 2007, 27(2):391-408.
12. Li F, Sone S, Abe H, et al. Malignant versus benign nodules at CT screening for lung cancer:comparison of thin-section CT findings. Radiology, 2004, 233(3):793-798.
13. Takashima S, Maruyama Y, Hasegawa M, et al. CT findings and progression of small peripheral lung neoplasms having a replacement growth pattern. AJR Am J Roentgenol, 2003, 180(3):817-826.
14. Sawada S, Komori E, Nogami N, et al. Evaluation of lesions corresponding to ground-glass opacities that were resected after computed tomography follow-up examination. Lung Cancer, 2009, 65(2):176-179.
15. Yamada S, Kohno T. Video-assisted thoracic surgery for pure ground-glass opacities 2 cm or less in diameter. Ann Thorac Surg, 2004, 77(6):1911-1915.
16. Mun M, Kohno T. Efficacy of thoracoscopic resection for multifocal bronchioloalveolar carcinoma showing pure ground-glass opacities of 20 mm or less in diameter. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 2007, 134(4):877-882.
17. Yoshida J, Nagai K, Yokose T, et al. Limited resection trial for pulmonary ground-glass opacity nodules:fifty-case experience. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 2005, 129(5):991-996.
18. Travis WD, Brambilla E, Noguchi M, et al. International association for the study of lung cancer/american thoracic society/european respiratory society international multidisciplinary classification of lung adenocarcinoma. J Thorac Oncol, 2011, 6(2):244-285.
19. Detterbeck FC, Homer RJ. Approach to the ground-glass nodule. Clin Chest Med, 2011, 32(4):799-810.
20. Xing Y, Li Z, Jiang S, et al. Analysis of pre-invasive lung adenocarcinoma lesions on thin-section computerized tomography. Clin Respir J, 2015, 9(3):289-296.
21. Lee SM, Goo JM, Lee KH, et al. CT findings of minimally invasive adenocarcinoma (MIA) of the lung and comparison of solid portion measurement methods at CT in 52 patients. Eur Radiol, 2015, 25(8):2318-2325.
22. Lim HJ, Ahn S, Lee KS, et al. Persistent pure ground-glass opacity lung nodules≥10 mm in diameter at CT scan:histopathologic comparisons and prognostic implications. Chest, 2013, 144(4):1291-1299.
23. Zhang Y, Qiang JW, Ye JD, et al. High resolution CT in differentiating minimally invasive component in early lung adenocarcinoma. Lung Cancer, 2014, 84(3):236-241.
24. Lee SM, Park CM, Goo JM, et al. Invasive pulmonary adenocarcinomas versus preinvasive lesions appearing as ground-glass nodules: differentiation by using CT features. Radiology, 2013, 268(1):265-273.
25. Liu LH, Liu M, Wei R, et al. CT findings of persistent pure ground glass opacity:can we predict the invasiveness? Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 2015, 16(5):1925-1928.
26. Son JY, Lee HY, Lee KS, et al. Quantitative CT analysis of pulmonary ground-glass opacity nodules for the distinction of invasive adenocarcinoma from pre-invasive or minimally invasive adenocarcinoma. PLoS One, 2014, 9(8):e104066.
27. Chae HD, Park CM, Park SJ, et al. Computerized texture analysis of persistent part-solid ground-glass nodules:differentiation of preinvasive lesions from invasive pulmonary adenocarcinomas. Radiology, 2014, 273(1):285-293.
28. Son JY, Lee HY, Kim JH, et al. Quantitative CT analysis of pulmonary ground-glass opacity nodules for distinguishing invasive adenocarcinoma from non-invasive or minimally invasive adenocarcinoma:the added value of using iodine mapping. Eur Radiol, 2015, 26(1):43-54.
29. Naidich DP, Bankier AA, Macmahon H, et al. Recommendations for the management of subsolid pulmonary nodules detected at CT: a statement from the Fleischner Society. Radiology, 2013, 266(1):304-317.
30. Shimizu K, Ikeda N, Tsuboi M, et al. Percutaneous CT-guided fine needle aspiration for lung cancer smaller than 2 cm and revealed by ground-glass opacity at CT. Lung Cancer, 2006, 51(2):173-179.
31. Kim TJ, Lee JH, Lee CT, et al. Diagnostic accuracy of CT-guided core biopsy of ground-glass opacity pulmonary lesions. AJR Am J Roentgenol, 2008, 190(1):234-239.
32. Lu CH, Hsiao CH, Chang YC, et al. Percutaneous computed tomography-guided coaxial core biopsy for small pulmonary lesions with ground-glass attenuation. J Thorac Oncol, 2012, 7(1):143-150.
33. Hur J, Lee HJ, Nam JE, et al. Diagnostic accuracy of CT fluoroscopy-guided needle aspiration biopsy of ground-glass opacity pulmonary lesions. AJR Am J Roentgenol, 2009, 192(3):629-634.
34. Inoue D, Gobara H, Hiraki T, et al. CT fluoroscopy-guided cutting needle biopsy of focal pure ground-glass opacity lung lesions:diagnostic yield in 83 lesions. Eur J Radiol, 2012, 81(2):354-359.
35. Yamauchi Y, Izumi Y, Nakatsuka S, et al. Diagnostic performance of percutaneous core needle lung biopsy under multi-CT fluoroscopic guidance for ground-glass opacity pulmonary lesions. Eur J Radiol, 2011, 79(2):e85-e89.
36. Zheng B, Zhou X, Chen J, et al. A modified model for preoperatively predicting malignancy of solitary pulmonary nodules:An Asia cohort study. Ann Thorac Surg, 2015, 100(1):288-294.
37. Liang J, Xu XQ, Xu H, et al. Using the CT features to differentiate invasive pulmonary adenocarcinoma from pre-invasive lesion appearing as pure or mixed ground-glass nodules. Br J Radiol, 2015, 88(1053):20140811.

Chinese Journal of Clinical Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery

Comprehensive Quantitative Interpretation of Radiologic Features of Lung Adenocarcinoma Showed as Ground-glass Opacity

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