Video-assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery versus Thoracotomy in Lymph Node Dissection for Lung Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis_Chinese Journal of Clinical Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery

Authors：

ZHANGWen-xiong , YUDong-liang , JIANGHan , XUJian-jun ,  WEIYi-ping

Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, P. R. China;

Corresponding author：

WEIYi-ping, Email: weiyip2000@hotmail.com

Keywords：

Video-assisted thoracic surgery; Open surgery; Lung cancer; Lymph node dissection; Systematic review/meta-analysis

DOI：

10.7507/1007-4848.20160237

Video：

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Objective To compare effectiveness and safety of video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) and thoracotomy in lymph node (LN) dissection for lung cancer. Methods A comprehensive search of PubMed, Ovid Medline, EMbase, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, the Cochrane Library, Scopus and Google Scholar was performed to identify studies (from January 1990 to July 2015) comparing VATS with thoracotomy in LN dissection. The data were analyzed by RevMan 5.3 software. Quality of literature was evaluated by Newcastle-Ottawa scale or Jadad scale. Results Fifty-one articles met the inclusion criteria involved 7 127 patients in the VATS group and 9 217 patients in the thoracotomy group. Thirty-eight articles were of good quality and the remaining thirteen were medium. Meta-analysis showed that fewer N1 LN stations in the VATS group (95% CI -0.23 to -0.04, P=0.005), although VATS harvested more left-side LNs (95% CI 0.51 to 3.22, P=0.007). The number of total LNs (95% CI -1.81 to 0.28, P=0.15), total LN stations (95% CI -0.34 to 0.15, P=0.44), N₂ LNs (95%CI -1.77 to 0.79, P=0.45), N₂ LN stations (95% CI -0.22 to 0.16, P=0.78), N₁ LNs (95% CI -0.95 to 0.11, P=0.12), and right-side LNs (95% CI -1.52 to 2.23, P=0.71) harvested in the two groups were not significantly different. Conclusion In the surgical treatment of lung cancer, VATS can achieve the same efficacy of LN dissection as thoracotomy. This conclusion still needs to be further proved by more high-quality and large-scale RCTs.

Citation： ZHANG Wen-xiong, YU Dong-liang, JIANG Han, XU Jian-jun, WEI Yi-ping. Video-assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery versus Thoracotomy in Lymph Node Dissection for Lung Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Chinese Journal of Clinical Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, 2016, 23(10): 992-1000. doi: 10.7507/1007-4848.20160237 Copy

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2.	Nwogu CE, D'Cunha J, Pang H, et al. VATS lobectomy has better perioperative outcomes than open lobectomy: CALGB 31001, an ancillary analysis of CALGB 140202 (Alliance). Ann Thorac Surg, 2015, 99(2): 399-405.
3.	Cai HB, Li YX, Li Z. Short term curative effect of video assisted thoracoscopic lobectomy for early-stage lung cancer. Indian J Cancer, 2015, 51(2): 37-41.
4.	Murakawa T, Ichinose J, Hino H, et al. Long-term outcomes of open and video-assisted thoracoscopic lung lobectomy for the treatment of early stage non-small cell lung cancer are similar: a propensity-matched study. World J Surg, 2015, 39(5): 1084-1091.
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6.	Jadad AR, Moore RA, Carroll D, et al. Assessing the quality of reports of randomized clinical trials: is blinding necessary? Control Clin Trials, 1996, 17(1): 1-12.
7.	Kirby TJ, Mack MJ, Landreneau RJ, et al. Lobectomy video-assisted thoracic surgery versus muscle-sparing thoracotomy. A randomized trial. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 1995, 109(5): 997-1001.
8.	Morikawa T, Katoh H, Takeuchi E, et al. Technical feasibility of video-assisted lobectomy with radical lymphadenectomy for primary lung cancer. Surg Laparosc Endosc, 1998, 8(6): 466-473.
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1. D'Cunha J, Herndon JE, Herzan DL, et al. Cancer and Leukemia Group B. Poor correspondence between clinical and pathologic staging in stage 1 non-small cell lung cancer: results from CALGB 9761, a prospective trial. Lung Cancer, 2005, 48(2): 241-246.
2. Nwogu CE, D'Cunha J, Pang H, et al. VATS lobectomy has better perioperative outcomes than open lobectomy: CALGB 31001, an ancillary analysis of CALGB 140202 (Alliance). Ann Thorac Surg, 2015, 99(2): 399-405.
3. Cai HB, Li YX, Li Z. Short term curative effect of video assisted thoracoscopic lobectomy for early-stage lung cancer. Indian J Cancer, 2015, 51(2): 37-41.
4. Murakawa T, Ichinose J, Hino H, et al. Long-term outcomes of open and video-assisted thoracoscopic lung lobectomy for the treatment of early stage non-small cell lung cancer are similar: a propensity-matched study. World J Surg, 2015, 39(5): 1084-1091.
5. Wells GA, Shea B, O'Connell D, et a1. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) for assessing the quality of non-randomised studies in meta-analyses [N/OL]. http://www.ohri.ca/programs/clinical_epidemiology/oxford.htm (2 February 2012, date last accessed).
6. Jadad AR, Moore RA, Carroll D, et al. Assessing the quality of reports of randomized clinical trials: is blinding necessary? Control Clin Trials, 1996, 17(1): 1-12.
7. Kirby TJ, Mack MJ, Landreneau RJ, et al. Lobectomy video-assisted thoracic surgery versus muscle-sparing thoracotomy. A randomized trial. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 1995, 109(5): 997-1001.
8. Morikawa T, Katoh H, Takeuchi E, et al. Technical feasibility of video-assisted lobectomy with radical lymphadenectomy for primary lung cancer. Surg Laparosc Endosc, 1998, 8(6): 466-473.
9. Ohbuchi T, Morikawa T, Takeuchi E, et al. Lobectomy: video-assisted thoracic surgery versus posterolateral thoracotomy. Jpn J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 1998, 46 (6): 519-522.
10. Luketich JD, Meehan MA, Landreneau RJ, et al. Total videothoracoscopic lobectomy versus open thoracotomy for early-stage non small-cell lung cancer. Clin Lung Cancer, 2000, 2(1): 56-60.
11. Sugi K, Kaneda Y, Esato K. Video-assisted thoracoscopic lobectomy achieves a satisfactory long-term prognosis in patients with clinical stage IA lung cancer. World J Surg, 2000, 24(1): 27-30.
12. Nomori H, Horio H, Naruke T, et al. What is the advantage of a thoracoscopic lobectomy over a limited thoracotomy procedure for lung cancer surgery? Ann Thorac Surg, 2001, 72(3): 879-884.
13. Watanabe A, Koyanagi T, Obama T, et al. Assessment of node dissection for clinical stage I primary lung cancer by VATS. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg, 2005, 27(5): 745-752.
14. Petersen RP, Pham D, Toloza EM, et al. Thoracoscopic lobectomy: a safe and effective strategy for patients receiving induction therapy for non-small cell lung cancer. Ann Thorac Surg, 2006, 82(1): 214-218.
15. Shigemura N, Akashi A, Funaki S, et al. Long-term outcomes after a variety of video-assisted thoracoscopic lobectomy approaches for clinical stage IA lung cancer: a multi-institutional study. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 2006, 132(3): 507-512.
16. Shiraishi T, Shirakusa T, Miyoshi T, et al. A completely thoracoscopic lobectomy/segmentectomy for primary lung cancer-technique, feasibility, and advantages. Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 2006, 54(3): 202-207.
17. Shiraishi T, Hiratsuka M, Yoshinaga Y, et al. Thoracoscopic lobectomy with systemic lymph node dissection for lymph node positive non-small cell lung cancer-is thoracoscopic lymph node dissection feasible? Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 2008, 56(3): 162-166.
18. Watanabe A, Mishina T, Ohori S, et al. Is video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery a feasible approach for clinical N0 and postoperatively pathological N2 non-small cell lung cancer? Eur J Cardiothorac Surg, 2008, 33(5): 812-818.
19. Whitson BA, D'Cunha J, Andrade RS, et al. Thoracoscopic versus thoracotomy approaches to lobectomy: differential impairment of cellular immunity. Ann Thorac Surg, 2008, 86(6): 1735-1744.
20. 姜冠潮, 王俊, 李运, 等. 全胸腔镜肺叶切除与开胸肺叶切除治疗I期非小细胞肺癌效果比较. 中华胸心血管外科杂志, 2008, 24(3): 152-155.
21. 龙浩, 林志潮, 司徒冬荣, 等. 电视辅助胸腔镜与小切口开胸肺切除术所致损伤的对照研究. 中华外科杂志, 2008, 46(6): 401-404.
22. Nakanishi R, Oka S, Odate S. Video-assisted thoracic surgery major pulmonary resection requiring control of the main pulmonary artery. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg, 2009, 9(4): 618-622.
23. Okur E, Baysungur V, Tezel Ç, et al. Comparison of perioperative results of conventional versus thoracoscopic lobectomy for clinical stage I lung carcinoma. Turkish J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 2009, 17(3): 191-197.
24. Anraku M, Miyata R, Compeau C, et al. Video-assisted mediastinoscopy compared with conventional mediastinoscopy: are we doing better? Ann Thorac Surg, 2010, 89(5): 1577-1581.
25. Denlinger CE, Fernandez F, Meyers BF, et al. Lymph node evaluation in video-assisted thoracoscopic lobectomy versus lobectomy by thoracotomy. Ann Thorac Surg, 2010, 89(6): 1730-1735.
26. Wang BY, Liu CC, Shih CS. Short-term results of thoracoscopic lobectomy and segmentectomy for lung cancer in koo foundation sun yat-sen cancer center. J Thorac Dis, 2010, 2(2): 64-70.
27. 张轶, 姜格宁, 王群, 等. 早期非小细胞肺癌胸腔镜与开胸肺叶切除术后细胞因子变化的随机对照研究. 中华外科杂志, 2010,48(17): 1285-1288.
28. D'Amico TA, Niland J, Mamet R, et al. Efficacy of mediastinal lymph node dissection during lobectomy for lung cancer by thoracoscopy and thoracotomy. Ann Thorac Surg, 2011, 92(1): 226-232.
29. Darling GE, Allen MS, Decker PA, et al. Number of lymph nodes harvested from a mediastinal lymphadenectomy: results of the randomized, prospective American College of Surgeons Oncology Group Z0030 trial. Chest, 2011, 139(5): 1124-1129.
30. Ilonen IK, Rasanen JV, Knuuttila A, et al. Anatomic thoracoscopic lung resection for non-small cell lung cancer in stage I is associated with less morbidity and shorter hospitalization than thoracotomy. Acta Oncol, 2011, 50(7): 1126-1132.
31. Jiang G, Yang F, Li X, et al. Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery is more favorable than thoracotomy for administration of adjuvant chemotherapy after lobectomy for non-small cell lung cancer. World J Surg Oncol, 2011, 21(9): 170.
32. 张真榕, 刘德若, 郭永庆, 等. 248例胸腔镜肺叶切除术手术心得. 中国肺癌杂志, 2011, 14(6): 523-528.
33. 徐驰, 曾志勇, 刘道明, 等. 胸腔镜与常规开胸肺叶切除术治疗非小细胞肺癌的临床比较. 中国内镜杂志, 2011, 17(10): 1032-1035.
34. Li Y, Wang J. Comparison of clinical outcomes for patients with clinical N0 and pathologic N2 non-small cell lung cancer after thoracoscopic lobectomy and open lobectomy: a retrospective analysis of 76 patients. J Surg Oncol, 2012, 106(4): 431-435.
35. Licht PB, Jorgensen OD, Ladegaard L, et al. A national study of nodal upstaging after thoracoscopic versus open lobectomy for clinical stage I lung cancer. Ann Thorac Surg, 2013, 96(3): 943-949.
36. Pan TW, Wu B, Xu ZF, et al. Video-assisted thoracic surgery versus thoracotomy for non-small-cell lung cancer. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 2012, 13(2): 447-450.
37. Ramos R, Girard P, Masuet C, et al. Mediastinal lymph node dissection in early-stage non-small cell lung cancer: totally thoracoscopic vs thoracotomy. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg, 2012, 41(6): 1342-1348.
38. Fan XL, Liu YX, Tian H. Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery for treatment of early-stage non-small cell lung cancer. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 2013, 14(5): 2871-2877.
39. Lee PC, Nasar A, Port JL, et al. Long-term survival after lobectomy for non-small cell lung cancer by video-assisted thoracic surgery versus thoracotomy. Ann Thorac Surg, 2013, 96(3): 951-961.
40. Merritt RE, Hoang CD, Shrager JB. Lymph node evaluation achieved by open lobectomy compared with thoracoscopic lobectomy for N0 lung cancer. Ann Thorac Surg, 2013, 96(4): 1171-1177.
41. Palade E, Passlick B, Osei-Agyemang T, et al. Video-assisted vs open mediastinal lymphadenectomy for Stage I non-small-cell lung cancer: results of a prospective randomized trial. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg, 2013, 44(2): 244-249.
42. Yang H1, Li XD, Lai RC, et al. Complete mediastinal lymph node dissection in video-assisted thoracoscopic lobectomy versus lobectomy by thoracotomy. Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 2013, 61(2): 116-123.
43. Zhong C, Yao F, Zhao H. Clinical outcomes of thoracoscopic lobectomy for patients with clinical N0 and pathologic N2 non-small cell lung cancer. Ann Thorac Surg, 2013, 95(3): 987-92.
44. Zhou Wy, Chen Xf, Zhang Hj, et al. Video-assisted thoracic surgery lobectomy for unexpected pathologic N2 non-small cell lung cancer. Thoracic Cancer, 2013, 4(3): 287-294.
45. 张正华, 马冬春, 徐美清, 等. 全胸腔镜下非小细胞肺癌淋巴结清扫的对比研究. 中国微创外科杂志, 2013, 13(3): 211-214.
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