Progress in application of mediastinoscopy in the radical resection of esophageal cancer_Chinese Journal of Clinical Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery

Authors：

LIU Qingwen ^1,2 , WU Qiang ² , TANG Guiwang ^1,2 ,  SHU Yusheng ²

1. Department of Thoracic Surgery, Xiangya No.2 Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410000, P.R.China;
2. Department of Thoracic Surgery, Northern Jiangsu People’s Hospital, Yangzhou, 255001, Jiangsu, P.R.China;

Corresponding author：

SHU Yusheng, Email: yushengshusbyy@163.com

Keywords：

Mediastinoscopy; esophageal carcinoma; radical resection of esophageal carcinoma

DOI：

10.7507/1007-4848.201811024

Video：

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Esophageal carcinoma is one of the most common malignant tumor, a serious threat to human health. In the early and middle esophageal carcinoma patients, surgery is the only expected treatment to cure esophageal carcinoma. Traditional surgery of esophageal cancer needs thoracotomy and laparotomy, which has great trauma and high incidence of complications. So surgeons are looking for a minimally invasive surgical methods alternative to traditional esophagectomy. Video-mediastinoscopy is used to free middle and upper esophagus, as a minimally invasive surgical method, it is used in radical resection of esophageal cancer gradually. This article reviews the recent progress and the related research results in the application of mediastinoscopy in the radical resection of esophageal cancer. It is found that mediastinoscopy assisted the radical resection of esophageal cancer is a safe and feasible operation. It provides a feasible treatment option for early and middle stage esophageal cancer patients with pulmonary insufficiency who can not be resected by thoracoscopy.

Citation： LIU Qingwen, WU Qiang, TANG Guiwang, SHU Yusheng. Progress in application of mediastinoscopy in the radical resection of esophageal cancer. Chinese Journal of Clinical Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, 2019, 26(7): 728-733. doi: 10.7507/1007-4848.201811024 Copy

1.	Gu XY, Zheng RS, Sun KX, et al. Incidence and mortality of cervical cancer in China, 2014. Zhonghua Zhongliu Zazhi, 2018, 40(4): 241-246.
2.	Abnet CC, Arnold M, Wei W Q. Epidemiology of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Gastroenterology, 2017, 154(2): 360-373.
3.	Torre LA, Bray F, Siegel RL, et al. Global cancer statistics, 2012. CA Cancer J Clin, 2015, 65(2): 87-108.
4.	Yang YS, Shang QX, Yuan Y, et al. Comparison of long-term quality of life in patients with esophageal cancer after Ivor-Lewis, mckeown, or sweet esophagectomy. J Gastrointest Surg, 2018, 131(10): 1-7.
5.	郭学荣, 王国平, 丁悌, 等. 山西省 658 例食管癌遗传流行病学分析. 中华肿瘤防治杂志, 2014, 21(19): 1490-1493.
6.	Luketich JD, Pennathur A, Awais O, et al. Outcomes after minimally invasive esophagectomy: review of over 1000 patients. Ann Surg, 2012, 256(1): 95-103.
7.	Miao L, Chen H, Xiang J, et al. Ivor lewis esophagectomy for esophageal cancer: review of over 1,300 patients. Chest, 2014, 145(3): 58A-1-58A-2.
8.	Birkmeyer JD, Siewers AE, Finlayson EVA, et al. Hospital volume and surgical mortality in the United States. N Engl J Med, 2002, 346(15): 1128-1137.
9.	Wang Y, Chen C. Survival following video-assisted thoracoscopic versus open esophagectomy for esophageal carcinoma. J BUON, 2016, 21(2): 427.
10.	Okumura H, Uchikado Y, Matsumoto M, et al. Clinical significance of mediastinoscope-assisted transhiatal esophagectomy in patients with esophageal cancer. Langenbecks Arch Surg, 2015, 400(6): 699-706.
11.	Zhai C, Liu Y, Li W, et al. A comparison of short-term outcomes between Ivor-Lewis and McKeown minimally invasive esophagectomy. J Thorac Dis, 2015, 7(12): 2352.
12.	Deng J, Su Q, Ren Z, et al. Comparison of short-term outcomes between minimally invasive McKeown and Ivor Lewis esophagectomy for esophageal or junctional cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Onco Targets Ther, 2018, 11(1): 6057.
13.	Vageesh B G, Nag H H, Varshney V. Laparoscopic-assisted transhiatal esophagectomy (LATE) for carcinoma of the esophagus. Indian J Surg, 2018, 80(1): 5-8.
14.	Wu B, Xue L, Qiu M, et al. Video-assisted mediastinoscopic transhiatal esophagectomy combined with laparoscopy for esophageal cancer. J Cardiothorac Surg, 2010, 5(1): 132.
15.	Carlens E. Mediastinoscopy: a method for inspection and tissue biopsy in the superior mediastinum. Dis Chest, 1959, 36(4): 343-352.
16.	Tcherveniakov P, Svennevik E, Milton R, et al. Diagnostic and therapeutic applications of video-assisted mediastinoscopy. Clin Pulm Med, 2010, 17(4): 177-183.
17.	Wang J, Jiang N Q, Jiang B, et al. Mediastinoscopy-assisted oesophagectomy in T1 oesophageal cancer patients with serious comorbidities: a 5-year long-term follow-up. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg, 2015, 20(4): 477-481.
18.	徐正浪, 谭黎杰, 王群, 等. 影像监视经纵隔镜食管癌切除术 10 例报道. 复旦学报 (医学版), 1999, (3): 227-228.
19.	Wang QY, Tan LJ, Feng MX, et al. Video-assisted mediastinoscopic resection compared with video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery in patients with esophageal cancer. J Thorac Dis, 2014, 6(6): 663.
20.	韩开宝, 张剑锋, 许罡, 等. 纵隔镜联合腹腔镜手术治疗早期及浅表食管癌的效果分析. 临床肿瘤学杂志, 2017, 93(4): 3.
21.	Wang J, Wei N, Lu Y, et al. Mediastinoscopy-assisted esophagectomy for T2 middle and lower thoracic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma patients. World J Surg Oncol, 2018, 16(1): 58.
22.	Koide N, Takeuchi D, Suzuki A, et al. Mediastinoscopy-assisted esophagectomy for esophageal cancer in patients with serious comorbidities. Surg today, 2012, 42(2): 127-134.
23.	Bonavina L, Bona D, Binyom PR, et al. A laparoscopy-assisted surgical approach to esophageal carcinoma. J Surg Res, 2004, 117(1): 52-57.
24.	杨劼, 王俊, 叶国麟, 等. 电视纵隔镜辅助颈腹两切口治疗早期中上段食管癌. 中华胸心血管外科杂志, 2011, 27(4): 248-249.
25.	邢志嵩. 电视纵隔镜手术治疗早期食管癌临床分析. 中国实用医药, 2013, 8(6): 68-69.
26.	陆一民, 王中林, 蒋南青, 等. 纵隔镜辅助食管癌手术并发症分析. 江苏医药, 2012, 38(8): 968-969.
27.	Yerokun BA, Sun Z, Jeffrey Yang CF, et al. Minimally invasive versus open esophagectomy for esophageal cancer: a population-based analysis. Ann Thorac Surg, 2016, 102(2): 416-423.
28.	Fujiwara H, Shiozaki A, Konishi H, et al. Mediastinoscope and laparoscope-assisted esophagectomy. J Vis Surg, 2016, 2(7): 125.
29.	Tanaka F, Yamamoto K, Suzuki S, et al. Strong interaction between the effects of alcohol consumption and smoking on oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma among individuals with ADH1B and/or ALDH2 risk alleles. Gut, 2010, 59(11): 1457-1464.
30.	应开军, 孙云浩, 刘国锋, 等. 纵隔镜辅助治疗合并肺功能不全早中期食管癌的体会. 世界最新医学信息文摘, 2017, 17, (12): 79-83.
31.	Mimatsu K, Oida T, Kawasaki A, et al. Mediastinoscopy-assisted esophagectomy is useful technique for poor surgical-risk patients with thoracic esophageal cancer. Surg Laparosc, Endosc Percutan Tech, 2009, 19(1): e17-e20.
32.	Feng MX, Wang H, Zhang Y, et al. Minimally invasive esophagectomy for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: a case–control study of thoracoscope versus mediastinoscope assistance. Surg Endosc, 2012, 26(6): 1573-1578.
33.	Navarro-Ripoll R, Córdova H, Rodríguez-D’Jesús A, et al. Cardiorespiratory impact of transesophageal endoscopic mediastinoscopy compared with cervical mediastinoscopy: a randomized experimental study. Surg Innov, 2014, 21(5): 487-495.
34.	Uzun A, Yener AU, Kocabeyoglu S, et al. Effects of pleural opening on respiratory function tests in cardiac surgery: a prospective study. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci, 2013, 17(17): 2310-2317.
35.	Peyre CG, Hagen JA, DeMeester SR, et al. The number of lymph nodes removed predicts survival in esophageal cancer: an international study on the impact of extent of surgical resection. Ann Surg, 2008, 248(4): 549-556.
36.	Zhang J, Liu Y, Che F, et al. Pattern of lymph node metastasis in thoracic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma with poor differentiation. Mol Clin Oncol, 2018, 8(6): 760-766.
37.	李旭, 王文祥, 周勇, 等. 经颈纵隔镜淋巴结清扫术在左胸径路食管癌根治术中的应用. 中华胸心血管外科杂志, 2017, 33(7): 429-432.
38.	Ye K, Xu JH, Sun YF, et al. Characteristics and clinical significance of lymph node metastases near the recurrent laryngeal nerve from thoracic esophageal carcinoma. Genet Mol Res, 2014, 13(13): 6411-9.
39.	Fujiwara H, Shiozaki A, Konishi H, et al. Hand‐assisted laparoscopic transhiatal esophagectomy with a systematic procedure for en bloc infracarinal lymph node dissection. Dis Esophagus, 2016, 29(2): 131-138.
40.	Fujiwara H, Shiozaki A, Konishi H, et al. Single-port mediastinoscopic lymphadenectomy along the left recurrent laryngeal nerve. Ann Thorac surg, 2015, 100(3): 1115-1117.
41.	Li GS. Prof. Qingdong Cao: single-port inflatable mediastinoscopy combined with laparoscopy for the radical treatment of esophageal cancer. J Thorac Dis, 2016, 8(9): e1108.

1. Gu XY, Zheng RS, Sun KX, et al. Incidence and mortality of cervical cancer in China, 2014. Zhonghua Zhongliu Zazhi, 2018, 40(4): 241-246.
2. Abnet CC, Arnold M, Wei W Q. Epidemiology of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Gastroenterology, 2017, 154(2): 360-373.
3. Torre LA, Bray F, Siegel RL, et al. Global cancer statistics, 2012. CA Cancer J Clin, 2015, 65(2): 87-108.
4. Yang YS, Shang QX, Yuan Y, et al. Comparison of long-term quality of life in patients with esophageal cancer after Ivor-Lewis, mckeown, or sweet esophagectomy. J Gastrointest Surg, 2018, 131(10): 1-7.
5. 郭学荣, 王国平, 丁悌, 等. 山西省 658 例食管癌遗传流行病学分析. 中华肿瘤防治杂志, 2014, 21(19): 1490-1493.
6. Luketich JD, Pennathur A, Awais O, et al. Outcomes after minimally invasive esophagectomy: review of over 1000 patients. Ann Surg, 2012, 256(1): 95-103.
7. Miao L, Chen H, Xiang J, et al. Ivor lewis esophagectomy for esophageal cancer: review of over 1,300 patients. Chest, 2014, 145(3): 58A-1-58A-2.
8. Birkmeyer JD, Siewers AE, Finlayson EVA, et al. Hospital volume and surgical mortality in the United States. N Engl J Med, 2002, 346(15): 1128-1137.
9. Wang Y, Chen C. Survival following video-assisted thoracoscopic versus open esophagectomy for esophageal carcinoma. J BUON, 2016, 21(2): 427.
10. Okumura H, Uchikado Y, Matsumoto M, et al. Clinical significance of mediastinoscope-assisted transhiatal esophagectomy in patients with esophageal cancer. Langenbecks Arch Surg, 2015, 400(6): 699-706.
11. Zhai C, Liu Y, Li W, et al. A comparison of short-term outcomes between Ivor-Lewis and McKeown minimally invasive esophagectomy. J Thorac Dis, 2015, 7(12): 2352.
12. Deng J, Su Q, Ren Z, et al. Comparison of short-term outcomes between minimally invasive McKeown and Ivor Lewis esophagectomy for esophageal or junctional cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Onco Targets Ther, 2018, 11(1): 6057.
13. Vageesh B G, Nag H H, Varshney V. Laparoscopic-assisted transhiatal esophagectomy (LATE) for carcinoma of the esophagus. Indian J Surg, 2018, 80(1): 5-8.
14. Wu B, Xue L, Qiu M, et al. Video-assisted mediastinoscopic transhiatal esophagectomy combined with laparoscopy for esophageal cancer. J Cardiothorac Surg, 2010, 5(1): 132.
15. Carlens E. Mediastinoscopy: a method for inspection and tissue biopsy in the superior mediastinum. Dis Chest, 1959, 36(4): 343-352.
16. Tcherveniakov P, Svennevik E, Milton R, et al. Diagnostic and therapeutic applications of video-assisted mediastinoscopy. Clin Pulm Med, 2010, 17(4): 177-183.
17. Wang J, Jiang N Q, Jiang B, et al. Mediastinoscopy-assisted oesophagectomy in T1 oesophageal cancer patients with serious comorbidities: a 5-year long-term follow-up. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg, 2015, 20(4): 477-481.
18. 徐正浪, 谭黎杰, 王群, 等. 影像监视经纵隔镜食管癌切除术 10 例报道. 复旦学报 (医学版), 1999, (3): 227-228.
19. Wang QY, Tan LJ, Feng MX, et al. Video-assisted mediastinoscopic resection compared with video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery in patients with esophageal cancer. J Thorac Dis, 2014, 6(6): 663.
20. 韩开宝, 张剑锋, 许罡, 等. 纵隔镜联合腹腔镜手术治疗早期及浅表食管癌的效果分析. 临床肿瘤学杂志, 2017, 93(4): 3.
21. Wang J, Wei N, Lu Y, et al. Mediastinoscopy-assisted esophagectomy for T2 middle and lower thoracic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma patients. World J Surg Oncol, 2018, 16(1): 58.
22. Koide N, Takeuchi D, Suzuki A, et al. Mediastinoscopy-assisted esophagectomy for esophageal cancer in patients with serious comorbidities. Surg today, 2012, 42(2): 127-134.
23. Bonavina L, Bona D, Binyom PR, et al. A laparoscopy-assisted surgical approach to esophageal carcinoma. J Surg Res, 2004, 117(1): 52-57.
24. 杨劼, 王俊, 叶国麟, 等. 电视纵隔镜辅助颈腹两切口治疗早期中上段食管癌. 中华胸心血管外科杂志, 2011, 27(4): 248-249.
25. 邢志嵩. 电视纵隔镜手术治疗早期食管癌临床分析. 中国实用医药, 2013, 8(6): 68-69.
26. 陆一民, 王中林, 蒋南青, 等. 纵隔镜辅助食管癌手术并发症分析. 江苏医药, 2012, 38(8): 968-969.
27. Yerokun BA, Sun Z, Jeffrey Yang CF, et al. Minimally invasive versus open esophagectomy for esophageal cancer: a population-based analysis. Ann Thorac Surg, 2016, 102(2): 416-423.
28. Fujiwara H, Shiozaki A, Konishi H, et al. Mediastinoscope and laparoscope-assisted esophagectomy. J Vis Surg, 2016, 2(7): 125.
29. Tanaka F, Yamamoto K, Suzuki S, et al. Strong interaction between the effects of alcohol consumption and smoking on oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma among individuals with ADH1B and/or ALDH2 risk alleles. Gut, 2010, 59(11): 1457-1464.
30. 应开军, 孙云浩, 刘国锋, 等. 纵隔镜辅助治疗合并肺功能不全早中期食管癌的体会. 世界最新医学信息文摘, 2017, 17, (12): 79-83.
31. Mimatsu K, Oida T, Kawasaki A, et al. Mediastinoscopy-assisted esophagectomy is useful technique for poor surgical-risk patients with thoracic esophageal cancer. Surg Laparosc, Endosc Percutan Tech, 2009, 19(1): e17-e20.
32. Feng MX, Wang H, Zhang Y, et al. Minimally invasive esophagectomy for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: a case–control study of thoracoscope versus mediastinoscope assistance. Surg Endosc, 2012, 26(6): 1573-1578.
33. Navarro-Ripoll R, Córdova H, Rodríguez-D’Jesús A, et al. Cardiorespiratory impact of transesophageal endoscopic mediastinoscopy compared with cervical mediastinoscopy: a randomized experimental study. Surg Innov, 2014, 21(5): 487-495.
34. Uzun A, Yener AU, Kocabeyoglu S, et al. Effects of pleural opening on respiratory function tests in cardiac surgery: a prospective study. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci, 2013, 17(17): 2310-2317.
35. Peyre CG, Hagen JA, DeMeester SR, et al. The number of lymph nodes removed predicts survival in esophageal cancer: an international study on the impact of extent of surgical resection. Ann Surg, 2008, 248(4): 549-556.
36. Zhang J, Liu Y, Che F, et al. Pattern of lymph node metastasis in thoracic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma with poor differentiation. Mol Clin Oncol, 2018, 8(6): 760-766.
37. 李旭, 王文祥, 周勇, 等. 经颈纵隔镜淋巴结清扫术在左胸径路食管癌根治术中的应用. 中华胸心血管外科杂志, 2017, 33(7): 429-432.
38. Ye K, Xu JH, Sun YF, et al. Characteristics and clinical significance of lymph node metastases near the recurrent laryngeal nerve from thoracic esophageal carcinoma. Genet Mol Res, 2014, 13(13): 6411-9.
39. Fujiwara H, Shiozaki A, Konishi H, et al. Hand‐assisted laparoscopic transhiatal esophagectomy with a systematic procedure for en bloc infracarinal lymph node dissection. Dis Esophagus, 2016, 29(2): 131-138.
40. Fujiwara H, Shiozaki A, Konishi H, et al. Single-port mediastinoscopic lymphadenectomy along the left recurrent laryngeal nerve. Ann Thorac surg, 2015, 100(3): 1115-1117.
41. Li GS. Prof. Qingdong Cao: single-port inflatable mediastinoscopy combined with laparoscopy for the radical treatment of esophageal cancer. J Thorac Dis, 2016, 8(9): e1108.

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