肺小结节术前辅助定位技术专家共识（2019 版）_Chinese Journal of Clinical Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery

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 肺小结节术前辅助定位技术专家共识（2019 版）专家组

Corresponding author：

肺小结节术前辅助定位技术专家共识（2019 版）专家组, Email: xwliubaodong@aliyun.com;guchundong@dmu.edu.cn

Keywords：

肺小结节; 术前辅助定位; 专家共识

DOI：

10.7507/1007-4848.201812072

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Citation： 肺小结节术前辅助定位技术专家共识（2019 版）专家组. 肺小结节术前辅助定位技术专家共识（2019 版）. Chinese Journal of Clinical Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, 2019, 26(2): 109-113. doi: 10.7507/1007-4848.201812072 Copy

1.	Aberle DR, Abtin F, Brown K. Computed tomography screening for lung cancer: has it finally arrived? Implications of the national lung screening trial. J Clin Oncol, 2013, 31(8): 1002-1008.
2.	Larscheid RC, Thorpe PE, Scott WJ. Percutaneous transthoracic needle aspiration biopsy: a comprehensive review of its current role in the diagnosis and treatment of lung tumors. Chest, 1998, 114(3): 704-709.
3.	Tan BB, Flaherty KR, Kazerooni EA, Iannettoni MD. The solitary pulmonary nodule. Chest, 2003, 123(1 Suppl): 89S-96S.
4.	Congregado M, Merchan RJ, Gallardo G, et al. Video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) lobectomy: 13 years' experience. Surg Endosc, 2008, 22(8): 1852-1857.
5.	Miyoshi K, Toyooka S, Gobara H, et al. Clinical outcomes of short hook wire and suture marking system in thoracoscopic resection for pulmonary nodules. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg, 2009, 36(2): 378-382.
6.	Ciriaco P, Negri G, Puglisi A, et al. Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery for pulmonary nodules: rationale for preoperative computed tomography-guided hookwire localization. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg, 2004, 25(3): 429-33.
7.	黄威, 周逸鸣, 姜格宁. CT 引导下 Hookwire 定位肺部小病灶的临床应用及改进. 中华胸心血管外科杂志, 2015, 31(6): 366-368.
8.	Dendo S, Kanazawa S, Ando A, et al. Preoperative localization of small pulmonary lesions with a short hook wire and suture system: experience with 168 procedures. Radiology, 2002, 225(2): 511-518.
9.	Chen S, Zhou J, Zhang J, et al. Video-assisted thoracoscopic solitary pulmonary nodule resection after CT-guided hookwire localization: 43 cases report and literature review. Surg Endosc, 2011, 25(6): 1723-1729.
10.	周建华, 李文涛, 陈海泉, 等. 孤立性肺小结节在 CT 引导下带钩钢丝术前定位. 中华胸心血管外科杂志, 2011, 27(5): 316.
11.	Liu L, Zhang LJ, Chen B, et al. Novel CT-guided coil localization of peripheral pulmonary nodules prior to video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery: a pilot study. Acta Radiol, 2014, 55(6): 699-706.
12.	Mayo JR, Clifton JC, Powell TI, et al. Lung nodules: CT-guided placement of microcoils to direct video-assisted thoracoscopic surgical resection. Radiology, 2009, 250(2): 576-585.
13.	Park CH, Hur J, Lee SM, et al. Lipiodol localization for ground-glass opacity minimal surgery: Rationale and design of the LOGIS trial. Contemp Clin Trials, 2011, 43: 194-199.
14.	Kawanaka K, Nomori H, Mori T, et al. Marking of small pulmonary nodules before thoracoscopic resection: injection of lipiodol under CT-fluoroscopic guidance. Acad Radi, 2009, 16(1): 39-45.
15.	俞同福, 徐海, 刘希胜, 等. 术前 CT 引导下亚甲蓝与 Hookwire 联合定位肺小结节临床应用价值. 中华胸心血管外科杂志, 2012, 28(7): 401-404.
16.	Ujiie H, Kato T, Hu HP, et al. A novel minimally invasive near-infrared thoracoscopic localization technique of small pulmonary nodules: A phase I feasibility trial. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 2017, 154(2): 702-711.
17.	Luo K, Lin Y, Lin X, et al. Localization of peripheral pulmonary lesions to aid surgical resection: a novel approach for electromagnetic navigation bronchoscopic dye marking. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg, 2017, 52(3): 516-521.
18.	Hachey KJ, Digesu CS, Armstrong KW, et al. A novel technique for tumor localization and targeted lymphatic mapping in early-stage lung cancer. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 2017, 154(3): 1110-1118.
19.	Sato M, Omasa M, Chen F, et al. Use of virtual assisted lung mapping (VAL-MAP), a bronchoscopic multispot dye-marking technique using virtual images, for precise navigation of thoracoscopic sublobar lung resection. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 2014, 147(6): 1813-1819.
20.	Sato M, Nagayama K, Kuwano H, et al. Role of post-mapping computed tomography in virtual-assisted lung mapping. Asian Cardiovasc Thorac Ann, 2017, 25(2): 123-130.
21.	Sato M, Aoyama A, Yamada T, et al. Thoracoscopic wedge lung resection using virtual-assisted lung mapping. Asian Cardiovasc Thorac Ann, 2015, 23(1): 46-54.
22.	Sato M, Murayama T, Nakajima J. Techniques of stapler-based navigational thoracoscopic segmentectomy using virtual assisted lung mapping (VAL-MAP). J Thorac Dis, 2016, 8(Suppl 9): S716-S730.
23.	Nakao K, Sato M, Nitadori JI, et al. Bilateral segmentectomies using virtual-assisted lung mapping (VAL-MAP) for metastatic lung tumors. Surg Case Rep, 2017, 3(1): 104.
24.	Sato M, Kuwata T, Yamanashi K, et al. Safety and reproducibility of virtual-assisted lung mapping: a multicentre study in Japan. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg, 2017, 51(5): 861-868.
25.	Sato M, Yamada T, Menju T, et al. Virtual-assisted lung mapping: outcome of 100 consecutive cases in a single institute. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg, 2015, 47(4): e131-e139.
26.	Zhang L, Li M, Li Z, et al. Three-dimensional printing of navigational template in localization of pulmonary nodule: A pilot study. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 2017, 154(6): 2113-2119.
27.	Gill RR, Zheng Y, Barlow JS, et al. Image-guided video assisted thoracoscopic surgery (iVATS) - phase I-II clinical trial. J Surg Oncol, 2015, 112(1): 18-25.
28.	Lee NK, Park CM, Kang CH, et al. CT-guided percutaneous transthoracic localization of pulmonary nodules prior to video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery using barium suspension. Korean J Radiol, 2012, 13(6): 694-701.
29.	Gould MK, Donington J, Lynch WR, et al. Evaluation of individuals with pulmonary nodules: when is it lung cancer? Diagnosis and management of lung cancer, 3rd ed: American College of Chest Physicians evidence-based clinical practice guidelines. Chest, 2013, 143(5 Suppl): e93S-e120S.
30.	Pittet O, Christodoulou M, Pezzetta E, et al. Video-assisted thoracoscopic resection of a small pulmonary nodule after computed tomography-guided localization with a hook-wire system. Experience in 45 consecutive patients. World J Surg, 2007, 31(3): 575-578.
31.	Zaman M, Bilal H, Woo CY, et al. In patients undergoing video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery excision, what is the best way to locate a subcentimetre solitary pulmonary nodule in order to achieve successful excision. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Sur, 2012, 15(2): 266-272.
32.	Zhao ZR, Lau RW, Ng CS. Hybrid theatre and alternative localization techniques in conventional and single-port video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery. J Thorac Dis, 2016, 8(Suppl 3): S319-S327.
33.	Su TH, Fan YF, Jin L, et al. CT-guided localization of small pulmonary nodules using adjacent microcoil implantation prior to video-assisted thoracoscopic surgical resection. Eur Radiol, 2015, 25(9): 2627-2633.
34.	Mogi A, Yajima T, Tomizawa K, et al. Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery after preoperative CT-guided lipiodol marking of small or impalpable pulmonary nodules. Ann Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 2015, 21(5): 435-439.
35.	Park CH, Han K, Hur J, et al. Comparative effectiveness and safety of preoperative lung localization for pulmonary nodules: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Chest, 2017, 151(2): 316-328.
36.	Suzuki K, Shimohira M, Hashizume T, et al. Usefulness of CT-guided hookwire marking before video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery for small pulmonary lesions. J Med Imaging Radiat Oncol, 2014, 58(6): 657-662.
37.	Richardson CM, Pointon KS, Manhire AR, et al. Percutaneous lung biopsies: a survey of UK practice based on 5444 biopsies. Br J Radiol, 2002, 75(897): 731-735.
38.	Iguchi T, Hiraki T, Gobara H, et al. Retained short hook wires used for preoperative localization of small pulmonary lesions during video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery: A report of 2 cases. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol, 2015, 38(5): 1376-1379.
39.	Makris D, Scherpereel A, Leroy S, et al. Electromagnetic navigation diagnostic bronchoscopy for small peripheral lung lesions. Eur Respir J, 2007, 29(6): 1187-1192.
40.	Eberhardt R, Anantham D, Ernst A, et al. Multimodality bronchoscopic diagnosis of peripheral lung lesions: a randomized controlled trial. Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 2007, 176(1): 36-41.
41.	Lamprecht B, Porsch P, Pirich C, et al. Electromagnetic navigation bronchoscopy in combination with PET-CT and rapid on-site cytopathologic examination for diagnosis of peripheral lung lesions. Lung, 2009, 187(1): 55-59.
42.	Eberhardt R, Morgan RK, Ernst A, et al. Comparison of suction catheter versus forceps biopsy for sampling of solitary pulmonary nodules guided by electromagnetic navigational bronchoscopy. Respiration, 2010, 79(1): 54-60.
43.	Seijo LM, de Torres JP, Lozano MD, et al. Diagnostic yield of electromagnetic navigation bronchoscopy is highly dependent on the presence of a Bronchus sign on CT imaging: results from a prospective study. Chest, 2010, 138(6): 1316-1321.

1. Aberle DR, Abtin F, Brown K. Computed tomography screening for lung cancer: has it finally arrived? Implications of the national lung screening trial. J Clin Oncol, 2013, 31(8): 1002-1008.
2. Larscheid RC, Thorpe PE, Scott WJ. Percutaneous transthoracic needle aspiration biopsy: a comprehensive review of its current role in the diagnosis and treatment of lung tumors. Chest, 1998, 114(3): 704-709.
3. Tan BB, Flaherty KR, Kazerooni EA, Iannettoni MD. The solitary pulmonary nodule. Chest, 2003, 123(1 Suppl): 89S-96S.
4. Congregado M, Merchan RJ, Gallardo G, et al. Video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) lobectomy: 13 years' experience. Surg Endosc, 2008, 22(8): 1852-1857.
5. Miyoshi K, Toyooka S, Gobara H, et al. Clinical outcomes of short hook wire and suture marking system in thoracoscopic resection for pulmonary nodules. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg, 2009, 36(2): 378-382.
6. Ciriaco P, Negri G, Puglisi A, et al. Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery for pulmonary nodules: rationale for preoperative computed tomography-guided hookwire localization. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg, 2004, 25(3): 429-33.
7. 黄威, 周逸鸣, 姜格宁. CT 引导下 Hookwire 定位肺部小病灶的临床应用及改进. 中华胸心血管外科杂志, 2015, 31(6): 366-368.
8. Dendo S, Kanazawa S, Ando A, et al. Preoperative localization of small pulmonary lesions with a short hook wire and suture system: experience with 168 procedures. Radiology, 2002, 225(2): 511-518.
9. Chen S, Zhou J, Zhang J, et al. Video-assisted thoracoscopic solitary pulmonary nodule resection after CT-guided hookwire localization: 43 cases report and literature review. Surg Endosc, 2011, 25(6): 1723-1729.
10. 周建华, 李文涛, 陈海泉, 等. 孤立性肺小结节在 CT 引导下带钩钢丝术前定位. 中华胸心血管外科杂志, 2011, 27(5): 316.
11. Liu L, Zhang LJ, Chen B, et al. Novel CT-guided coil localization of peripheral pulmonary nodules prior to video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery: a pilot study. Acta Radiol, 2014, 55(6): 699-706.
12. Mayo JR, Clifton JC, Powell TI, et al. Lung nodules: CT-guided placement of microcoils to direct video-assisted thoracoscopic surgical resection. Radiology, 2009, 250(2): 576-585.
13. Park CH, Hur J, Lee SM, et al. Lipiodol localization for ground-glass opacity minimal surgery: Rationale and design of the LOGIS trial. Contemp Clin Trials, 2011, 43: 194-199.
14. Kawanaka K, Nomori H, Mori T, et al. Marking of small pulmonary nodules before thoracoscopic resection: injection of lipiodol under CT-fluoroscopic guidance. Acad Radi, 2009, 16(1): 39-45.
15. 俞同福, 徐海, 刘希胜, 等. 术前 CT 引导下亚甲蓝与 Hookwire 联合定位肺小结节临床应用价值. 中华胸心血管外科杂志, 2012, 28(7): 401-404.
16. Ujiie H, Kato T, Hu HP, et al. A novel minimally invasive near-infrared thoracoscopic localization technique of small pulmonary nodules: A phase I feasibility trial. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 2017, 154(2): 702-711.
17. Luo K, Lin Y, Lin X, et al. Localization of peripheral pulmonary lesions to aid surgical resection: a novel approach for electromagnetic navigation bronchoscopic dye marking. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg, 2017, 52(3): 516-521.
18. Hachey KJ, Digesu CS, Armstrong KW, et al. A novel technique for tumor localization and targeted lymphatic mapping in early-stage lung cancer. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 2017, 154(3): 1110-1118.
19. Sato M, Omasa M, Chen F, et al. Use of virtual assisted lung mapping (VAL-MAP), a bronchoscopic multispot dye-marking technique using virtual images, for precise navigation of thoracoscopic sublobar lung resection. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 2014, 147(6): 1813-1819.
20. Sato M, Nagayama K, Kuwano H, et al. Role of post-mapping computed tomography in virtual-assisted lung mapping. Asian Cardiovasc Thorac Ann, 2017, 25(2): 123-130.
21. Sato M, Aoyama A, Yamada T, et al. Thoracoscopic wedge lung resection using virtual-assisted lung mapping. Asian Cardiovasc Thorac Ann, 2015, 23(1): 46-54.
22. Sato M, Murayama T, Nakajima J. Techniques of stapler-based navigational thoracoscopic segmentectomy using virtual assisted lung mapping (VAL-MAP). J Thorac Dis, 2016, 8(Suppl 9): S716-S730.
23. Nakao K, Sato M, Nitadori JI, et al. Bilateral segmentectomies using virtual-assisted lung mapping (VAL-MAP) for metastatic lung tumors. Surg Case Rep, 2017, 3(1): 104.
24. Sato M, Kuwata T, Yamanashi K, et al. Safety and reproducibility of virtual-assisted lung mapping: a multicentre study in Japan. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg, 2017, 51(5): 861-868.
25. Sato M, Yamada T, Menju T, et al. Virtual-assisted lung mapping: outcome of 100 consecutive cases in a single institute. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg, 2015, 47(4): e131-e139.
26. Zhang L, Li M, Li Z, et al. Three-dimensional printing of navigational template in localization of pulmonary nodule: A pilot study. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 2017, 154(6): 2113-2119.
27. Gill RR, Zheng Y, Barlow JS, et al. Image-guided video assisted thoracoscopic surgery (iVATS) - phase I-II clinical trial. J Surg Oncol, 2015, 112(1): 18-25.
28. Lee NK, Park CM, Kang CH, et al. CT-guided percutaneous transthoracic localization of pulmonary nodules prior to video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery using barium suspension. Korean J Radiol, 2012, 13(6): 694-701.
29. Gould MK, Donington J, Lynch WR, et al. Evaluation of individuals with pulmonary nodules: when is it lung cancer? Diagnosis and management of lung cancer, 3rd ed: American College of Chest Physicians evidence-based clinical practice guidelines. Chest, 2013, 143(5 Suppl): e93S-e120S.
30. Pittet O, Christodoulou M, Pezzetta E, et al. Video-assisted thoracoscopic resection of a small pulmonary nodule after computed tomography-guided localization with a hook-wire system. Experience in 45 consecutive patients. World J Surg, 2007, 31(3): 575-578.
31. Zaman M, Bilal H, Woo CY, et al. In patients undergoing video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery excision, what is the best way to locate a subcentimetre solitary pulmonary nodule in order to achieve successful excision. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Sur, 2012, 15(2): 266-272.
32. Zhao ZR, Lau RW, Ng CS. Hybrid theatre and alternative localization techniques in conventional and single-port video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery. J Thorac Dis, 2016, 8(Suppl 3): S319-S327.
33. Su TH, Fan YF, Jin L, et al. CT-guided localization of small pulmonary nodules using adjacent microcoil implantation prior to video-assisted thoracoscopic surgical resection. Eur Radiol, 2015, 25(9): 2627-2633.
34. Mogi A, Yajima T, Tomizawa K, et al. Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery after preoperative CT-guided lipiodol marking of small or impalpable pulmonary nodules. Ann Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 2015, 21(5): 435-439.
35. Park CH, Han K, Hur J, et al. Comparative effectiveness and safety of preoperative lung localization for pulmonary nodules: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Chest, 2017, 151(2): 316-328.
36. Suzuki K, Shimohira M, Hashizume T, et al. Usefulness of CT-guided hookwire marking before video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery for small pulmonary lesions. J Med Imaging Radiat Oncol, 2014, 58(6): 657-662.
37. Richardson CM, Pointon KS, Manhire AR, et al. Percutaneous lung biopsies: a survey of UK practice based on 5444 biopsies. Br J Radiol, 2002, 75(897): 731-735.
38. Iguchi T, Hiraki T, Gobara H, et al. Retained short hook wires used for preoperative localization of small pulmonary lesions during video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery: A report of 2 cases. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol, 2015, 38(5): 1376-1379.
39. Makris D, Scherpereel A, Leroy S, et al. Electromagnetic navigation diagnostic bronchoscopy for small peripheral lung lesions. Eur Respir J, 2007, 29(6): 1187-1192.
40. Eberhardt R, Anantham D, Ernst A, et al. Multimodality bronchoscopic diagnosis of peripheral lung lesions: a randomized controlled trial. Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 2007, 176(1): 36-41.
41. Lamprecht B, Porsch P, Pirich C, et al. Electromagnetic navigation bronchoscopy in combination with PET-CT and rapid on-site cytopathologic examination for diagnosis of peripheral lung lesions. Lung, 2009, 187(1): 55-59.
42. Eberhardt R, Morgan RK, Ernst A, et al. Comparison of suction catheter versus forceps biopsy for sampling of solitary pulmonary nodules guided by electromagnetic navigational bronchoscopy. Respiration, 2010, 79(1): 54-60.
43. Seijo LM, de Torres JP, Lozano MD, et al. Diagnostic yield of electromagnetic navigation bronchoscopy is highly dependent on the presence of a Bronchus sign on CT imaging: results from a prospective study. Chest, 2010, 138(6): 1316-1321.

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肺小结节术前辅助定位技术专家共识（2019 版）

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