Chinese expert consensus on surgical treatment of congenital heart disease (12): Congenital coronary artery anomalies_Chinese Journal of Clinical Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery

Authors：

 AN Qi ¹ ,  LI Shoujun

1. Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P.R.China;
2. Department of Pediatric Cardiac Surgery, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100037, P.R.China;

Corresponding author：

AN Qi, Email: anqi8890@163.com; LI Shoujun, Email: drlishoujun@yahoo.com

Keywords：

Congenital heart disease; congenital coronary artery anomalies; surgical treatment; expert consensus

DOI：

10.7507/1007-4848.202008031

Video：

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Congenital coronary artery anomalies include various congenital anatomic anomalies of coronary artery. Severe congenital coronary artery anomalies usually result in ventricular dysfunction, myocardium ischemia, and even sudden death. Hence, understanding the coronary artery anomalies is critically important for the related surgeons to make reasonable strategies. This consensus is based on current literature and opinions of Chinese experts. And we mainly discuss the anatomy, clinical manifestation, diagnosis and treatment of important congenital coronary artery anomalies in clinics including anomalous aortic origin of a coronary artery, anomalous origin of the coronary artery from the pulmonary artery and coronary fistula.

Citation： AN Qi, LI Shoujun. Chinese expert consensus on surgical treatment of congenital heart disease (12): Congenital coronary artery anomalies. Chinese Journal of Clinical Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, 2020, 27(12): 1375-1381. doi: 10.7507/1007-4848.202008031 Copy

1.	Angelini P. Coronary artery anomalies—current clinical issues: definitions, classification, incidence, clinical relevance, and treatment guidelines. Tex Heart Inst J, 2002, 29(4): 271-278.
2.	Angelini P, Velasco JA, Flamm S. Coronary anomalies: incidence, pathophysiology, and clinical relevance. Circulation, 2002, 105(20): 2449-2454.
3.	Cheezum MK, Liberthson RR, Shah NR, et al. Anomalous aortic origin of a coronary artery from the inappropriate sinus of valsalva. J Am Coll Cardiol, 2017, 69(12): 1592-1608.
4.	Thankavel PP, Lemler MS, Ramaciotti C. Utility and importance of new echocardiographic screening methods in diagnosis of anomalous coronary origins in the pediatric population: assessment of quality improvement. Pediatr Cardiol, 2015, 36(1): 120-125.
5.	Mainwaring RD, Reddy VM, Reinhartz O, et al. Surgical repair of anomalous aortic origin of a coronary artery. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg, 2014, 46(1): 20-26.
6.	Nguyen AL, Haas F, Evens J, et al. Sudden cardiac death after repair of anomalous origin of left coronary artery from right sinus of valsalva with an interarterial course : Case report and review of the literature. Neth Heart J, 2012, 20(11): 463-471.
7.	Dodge-Khatami A, Mavroudis C, Backer CL. Congenital Heart Surgery Nomenclature and Database Project: anomalies of the coronary arteries. Ann Thorac Surg, 2000, 69(4 Suppl): S270-S297.
8.	Bland EF, White PD, Garland G. Congenital anomalies of the coronary arteries: Report of an unusual case associated with cardiac hypertrophy. Am Heart J, 1933, 8(6): 787-801.
9.	Williams IA, Williams WM, Hellenbrand WE. Anomalous right coronary artery arising from the pulmonary artery: A report of 7 cases and a review of the literature. Am Heart J, 2006, 152(5): 1004.e9-17.
10.	朱晓东, 张宝仁. 冠状动脉异常起源于肺动脉. 汪曾炜, 张宝仁, 主编. 心脏外科学 (第 1 版). 北京: 人民卫生出版社, 2007. 533-542.
11.	Peña E, Nguyen ET, Merchant N, et al. ALCAPA syndrome: not just a pediatric disease. Radiographics, 2009, 29(2): 553-565.
12.	Berdjis F, Takahashi M, Wells WJ, et al. Anomalous left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery. Significance of intercoronary collaterals. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 1994, 108(1): 17-20.
13.	Arciniegas E, Farooki ZQ, Hakimi M, et al. Management of anomalous left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery. Circulation, 1980, 62(2 Pt 2): I180-I189.
14.	Lange R, Vogt M, Hörer J, et al. Long-term results of repair of anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery. Ann Thorac Surg, 2007, 83(4): 1463-1471.
15.	Lange R, Cleuziou J, Krane M, et al. Long-term outcome after anomalous left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery repair: a 40-year single-centre experience. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg, 2018, 53(4): 732-739.
16.	Sasikumar D, Dharan BS, Arunakumar P, et al. The outcome of mitral regurgitation after the repair of anomalous left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery in infants and older children. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg, 2018, 27(2): 238-242.
17.	Alexi-Meskishvili V, Nasseri BA, Nordmeyer S, et al. Repair of anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery in infants and children. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 2011, 142(4): 868-874.
18.	Cochrane AD, Goh TH, Austin C, et al. Incipient left ventricular rupture complicating anomalous left coronary artery. Ann Thorac Surg, 1999, 67(1): 254-256.
19.	Said SA, Lam J, van der Werf T. Solitary coronary artery fistulas: a congenital anomaly in children and adults. A contemporary review. Congenit Heart Dis, 2006, 1(3): 63-76.
20.	Holzer R, Johnson R, Ciotti G, et al. Review of an institutional experience of coronary arterial fistulas in childhood set in context of review of the literature. Cardiol Young, 2004, 14(4): 380-385.
21.	Shenoda M, Barack BM, Toggart E, et al. Use of coronary computed tomography angiography to detect coronary ostial stenosis after Bentall procedure. J Cardiovasc Comput Tomogr, 2009, 3(5): 340-343.
22.	Milano AD, Pratali S, Mecozzi G, et al. Fate of coronary ostial anastomoses after the modified Bentall procedure. Ann Thorac Surg, 2003, 75(6): 1797-1801.
23.	Bonhoeffer P, Bonnet D, Piéchaud JF, et al. Coronary artery obstruction after the arterial switch operation for transposition of the great arteries in newborns. J Am Coll Cardiol, 1997, 29(1): 202-206.
24.	Tanel RE, Wernovsky G, Landzberg MJ, et al. Coronary artery abnormalities detected at cardiac catheterization following the arterial switch operation for transposition of the great arteries. Am J Cardiol, 1995, 76(3): 153-157.
25.	Ou P, Mousseaux E, Azarine A, et al. Detection of coronary complications after the arterial switch operation for transposition of the great arteries: first experience with multislice computed tomography in children. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 2006, 131(3): 639-643.
26.	Oztunç F, Bariş S, Adaletli I, et al. Coronary events and anatomy after arterial switch operation for transposition of the great arteries: detection by 16-row multislice computed tomography angiography in pediatric patients. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol, 2009, 32(2): 206-212.
27.	Kampmann C, Kuroczynski W, Trübel H, et al. Late results after PTCA for coronary stenosis after the arterial switch procedure for transposition of the great arteries. Ann Thorac Surg, 2005, 80(5): 1641-1646.
28.	El-Segaier M, Lundin A, Hochbergs P, et al. Late coronary complications after arterial switch operation and their treatment. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv, 2010, 76(7): 1027-1032.
29.	Raisky O, Bergoend E, Agnoletti G, et al. Late coronary artery lesions after neonatal arterial switch operation: results of surgical coronary revascularization. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg, 2007, 31(5): 894-898.

1. Angelini P. Coronary artery anomalies—current clinical issues: definitions, classification, incidence, clinical relevance, and treatment guidelines. Tex Heart Inst J, 2002, 29(4): 271-278.
2. Angelini P, Velasco JA, Flamm S. Coronary anomalies: incidence, pathophysiology, and clinical relevance. Circulation, 2002, 105(20): 2449-2454.
3. Cheezum MK, Liberthson RR, Shah NR, et al. Anomalous aortic origin of a coronary artery from the inappropriate sinus of valsalva. J Am Coll Cardiol, 2017, 69(12): 1592-1608.
4. Thankavel PP, Lemler MS, Ramaciotti C. Utility and importance of new echocardiographic screening methods in diagnosis of anomalous coronary origins in the pediatric population: assessment of quality improvement. Pediatr Cardiol, 2015, 36(1): 120-125.
5. Mainwaring RD, Reddy VM, Reinhartz O, et al. Surgical repair of anomalous aortic origin of a coronary artery. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg, 2014, 46(1): 20-26.
6. Nguyen AL, Haas F, Evens J, et al. Sudden cardiac death after repair of anomalous origin of left coronary artery from right sinus of valsalva with an interarterial course : Case report and review of the literature. Neth Heart J, 2012, 20(11): 463-471.
7. Dodge-Khatami A, Mavroudis C, Backer CL. Congenital Heart Surgery Nomenclature and Database Project: anomalies of the coronary arteries. Ann Thorac Surg, 2000, 69(4 Suppl): S270-S297.
8. Bland EF, White PD, Garland G. Congenital anomalies of the coronary arteries: Report of an unusual case associated with cardiac hypertrophy. Am Heart J, 1933, 8(6): 787-801.
9. Williams IA, Williams WM, Hellenbrand WE. Anomalous right coronary artery arising from the pulmonary artery: A report of 7 cases and a review of the literature. Am Heart J, 2006, 152(5): 1004.e9-17.
10. 朱晓东, 张宝仁. 冠状动脉异常起源于肺动脉. 汪曾炜, 张宝仁, 主编. 心脏外科学 (第 1 版). 北京: 人民卫生出版社, 2007. 533-542.
11. Peña E, Nguyen ET, Merchant N, et al. ALCAPA syndrome: not just a pediatric disease. Radiographics, 2009, 29(2): 553-565.
12. Berdjis F, Takahashi M, Wells WJ, et al. Anomalous left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery. Significance of intercoronary collaterals. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 1994, 108(1): 17-20.
13. Arciniegas E, Farooki ZQ, Hakimi M, et al. Management of anomalous left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery. Circulation, 1980, 62(2 Pt 2): I180-I189.
14. Lange R, Vogt M, Hörer J, et al. Long-term results of repair of anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery. Ann Thorac Surg, 2007, 83(4): 1463-1471.
15. Lange R, Cleuziou J, Krane M, et al. Long-term outcome after anomalous left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery repair: a 40-year single-centre experience. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg, 2018, 53(4): 732-739.
16. Sasikumar D, Dharan BS, Arunakumar P, et al. The outcome of mitral regurgitation after the repair of anomalous left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery in infants and older children. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg, 2018, 27(2): 238-242.
17. Alexi-Meskishvili V, Nasseri BA, Nordmeyer S, et al. Repair of anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery in infants and children. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 2011, 142(4): 868-874.
18. Cochrane AD, Goh TH, Austin C, et al. Incipient left ventricular rupture complicating anomalous left coronary artery. Ann Thorac Surg, 1999, 67(1): 254-256.
19. Said SA, Lam J, van der Werf T. Solitary coronary artery fistulas: a congenital anomaly in children and adults. A contemporary review. Congenit Heart Dis, 2006, 1(3): 63-76.
20. Holzer R, Johnson R, Ciotti G, et al. Review of an institutional experience of coronary arterial fistulas in childhood set in context of review of the literature. Cardiol Young, 2004, 14(4): 380-385.
21. Shenoda M, Barack BM, Toggart E, et al. Use of coronary computed tomography angiography to detect coronary ostial stenosis after Bentall procedure. J Cardiovasc Comput Tomogr, 2009, 3(5): 340-343.
22. Milano AD, Pratali S, Mecozzi G, et al. Fate of coronary ostial anastomoses after the modified Bentall procedure. Ann Thorac Surg, 2003, 75(6): 1797-1801.
23. Bonhoeffer P, Bonnet D, Piéchaud JF, et al. Coronary artery obstruction after the arterial switch operation for transposition of the great arteries in newborns. J Am Coll Cardiol, 1997, 29(1): 202-206.
24. Tanel RE, Wernovsky G, Landzberg MJ, et al. Coronary artery abnormalities detected at cardiac catheterization following the arterial switch operation for transposition of the great arteries. Am J Cardiol, 1995, 76(3): 153-157.
25. Ou P, Mousseaux E, Azarine A, et al. Detection of coronary complications after the arterial switch operation for transposition of the great arteries: first experience with multislice computed tomography in children. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 2006, 131(3): 639-643.
26. Oztunç F, Bariş S, Adaletli I, et al. Coronary events and anatomy after arterial switch operation for transposition of the great arteries: detection by 16-row multislice computed tomography angiography in pediatric patients. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol, 2009, 32(2): 206-212.
27. Kampmann C, Kuroczynski W, Trübel H, et al. Late results after PTCA for coronary stenosis after the arterial switch procedure for transposition of the great arteries. Ann Thorac Surg, 2005, 80(5): 1641-1646.
28. El-Segaier M, Lundin A, Hochbergs P, et al. Late coronary complications after arterial switch operation and their treatment. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv, 2010, 76(7): 1027-1032.
29. Raisky O, Bergoend E, Agnoletti G, et al. Late coronary artery lesions after neonatal arterial switch operation: results of surgical coronary revascularization. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg, 2007, 31(5): 894-898.

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Chinese expert consensus on surgical treatment of congenital heart disease (12): Congenital coronary artery anomalies

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