Interpretation of the World Cancer Report 2020_Chinese Journal of Clinical Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery

Authors：

ZOU Xiaonong ¹ , JIA Manman ² ,  WANG Xin ¹ ,  ZHI Xiuyi ³

1. National Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, P.R.China;
2. Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450003, P.R.China;
3. Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, P.R.China;

Corresponding author：

WANG Xin, Email: xiaowuxian2006@126.com; ZHI Xiuyi, Email: xiuyizhi2015@163.com

Keywords：

Cancer; morbidity; mortality; risk factors; prevention

DOI：

10.7507/1007-4848.202010033

Video：

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Recently, World Health Organization/International Agency for Research on Cancer (WHO/IARC) published the World Cancer Report 2020. This report described the cancer burden of the world, the risk factors of cancer, biological process in cancer development and the prevention strategies of cancer. Based on current status of China’s cancer burden and prevention strategies, this paper briefly interpreted the key points of cancer prevention and control in the report.

Citation： ZOU Xiaonong, JIA Manman, WANG Xin, ZHI Xiuyi. Interpretation of the World Cancer Report 2020. Chinese Journal of Clinical Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, 2021, 28(1): 11-18. doi: 10.7507/1007-4848.202010033 Copy

1.	World Health Organization (WHO). Global Health Estimates (GHE). 2020. URL: https://www.who.int/healthinfo/global_burden_disease/en/.
2.	World Health Organization (WHO). World cancer report 2020. 2020. URL: https://www.iarc.fr/cards_page/world-cancer-report/.
3.	郑荣寿, 孙可欣, 张思维, 等. 2015 年中国恶性肿瘤流行情况分析. 中华肿瘤杂志, 2019, 41(1): 19-28.
4.	World Health Organization (WHO). World cancer report 2014. URL: https://www.who.int/cancer/publications/WRC_2014/en/.
5.	Cao B, Bray F, Ilbawi A, et al. Effect on longevity of one-third reduction in premature mortality from non-communicable diseases by 2030: a global analysis of the Sustainable Development Goal health target. Lancet Glob Health, 2018, 6(12): e1288-e1296.
6.	Feng RM, Zong YN, Cao S M, et al. Current cancer situation in China: good or bad news from the 2018 Global Cancer Statistics? Cancer Commun (Lond), 2019, 39(1): 22.
7.	Pesch B, Kendzia B, Gustavsson P, et al. Cigarette smoking and lung cancer-relative risk estimates for the major histological types from a pooled analysis of case-control studies. Int J Cancer, 2012, 131(5): 1210-1219.
8.	贾漫漫, 李纪宾, 林华, 等. 吸烟对男性肺癌患者组织学分型的影响及其趋势分析. 中国肺癌杂志, 2017, 20(8): 516-521.
9.	Zeng Q, Vogtmann E, Jia MM, et al. Tobacco smoking and trends in histological subtypes of female lung cancer at the Cancer Hospital of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences over 13 years. Thorac Cancer, 2019, 10(8): 1717-1724.
10.	Gaudet MM, Carter BD, Brinton LA, et al. Pooled analysis of active cigarette smoking and invasive breast cancer risk in 14 cohort studies. Int J Epidemiol, 2017, 46(3): 881-893.
11.	Islami F, Moreira DM, Boffetta P, et al. A systematic review and meta-analysis of tobacco use and prostate cancer mortality and incidence in prospective cohort studies. Eur Urol, 2014, 66(6): 1054-1064.
12.	中国疾病预防控制中心. 2018 年中国成人烟草调查结果. 2019. URL: http://www.chinacdc.cn/yw_9324/201905/t20190530_202932.html.
13.	GBD 2015 Tobacco Collaborators. Smoking prevalence and attributable disease burden in 195 countries and territories, 1990-2015: a systematic analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015. Lancet, 2017, 389(10082): 1885-1906.
14.	de Martel C, Georges D, Bray F, et al. Global burden of cancer attributable to infections in 2018: a worldwide incidence analysis. Lancet Glob Health, 2020, 8(2): e180-e190.
15.	Jeon J, Holford TR, Levy DT, et al. Smoking and lung cancer mortality in the United States from 2015 to 2065: A comparative modeling approach. Ann Intern Med, 2018, 169(10): 684-693.
16.	Marmot M. Diet, cancer, and NCD prevention. Lancet Oncol, 2018, 19(7): 863-864.
17.	陈仕珠. 乙型肝炎病毒疫苗免疫现状及存在的问题. 世界华人消化杂志, 2006, 14(27): 2661-2667.
18.	Lin Y, Lin Z, He F, et al. Factors influencing intention to obtain the HPV vaccine and acceptability of 2-, 4- and 9-valent HPV vaccines: A study of undergraduate female health sciences students in Fujian, China. Vaccine, 2019, 37(44): 6714-6723.
19.	He J, He L. Knowledge of HPV and acceptability of HPV vaccine among women in western China: a cross-sectional survey. BMC Womens Health, 2018, 18(1): 130.
20.	Smith RA, Andrews KS, Brooks D, et al. Cancer screening in the United States, 2017: A review of current American Cancer Society guidelines and current issues in cancer screening. CA Cancer J Clin, 2017, 67(2): 100-121.
21.	National Lung Screening Trial Research Team, Aberle DR, Adams AM, et al. Reduced lung-cancer mortality with low-dose computed tomographic screening. N Engl J Med, 2011, 365(5): 395-409.
22.	石菊芳, 代敏. 中国癌症筛查的卫生经济学评价. 中华预防医学杂志, 2017, 51(2): 107-111.
23.	Cuzick J, Sestak I, Bonanni B, et al. Selective oestrogen receptor modulators in prevention of breast cancer: an updated meta-analysis of individual participant data. Lancet, 2013, 381(9880): 1827-1834.
24.	Rothwell PM, Fowkes FG, Belch JF, et al. Effect of daily aspirin on long-term risk of death due to cancer: analysis of individual patient data from randomised trials. Lancet, 2011, 377(9759): 31-41.
25.	Wolf J, Seto T, Han JY, et al. Capmatinib in MET exon 14-mutated or MET-amplified non-small-cell lung cancer. N Engl J Med, 2020, 383(10): 944-957.
26.	Shaw AT, Riely GJ, Bang YJ, et al. Crizotinib in ROS1-rearranged advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC): updated results, including overall survival, from PROFILE 1001. Ann Oncol, 2019, 30(7): 1121-1126.
27.	Farago AF, Le LP, Zheng Z, et al. Durable clinical response to entrectinib in NTRK1-rearranged non-small cell lung cancer. J Thorac Oncol, 2015, 10(12): 1670-1674.
28.	Drilon A, Oxnard GR, Tan DSW, et al. Efficacy of selpercatinib in RET fusion-positive non-small-cell lung cancer. N Engl J Med, 2020, 383(9): 813-824.
29.	Planchard D, Kim TM, Mazieres J, et al. Dabrafenib in patients with BRAF(V600E)-positive advanced non-small-cell lung cancer: a single-arm, multicentre, open-label, phase 2 trial. Lancet Oncol, 2016, 17(5): 642-650.
30.	Canon J, Rex K, Saiki AY, et al. The clinical KRAS(G12C) inhibitor AMG 510 drives anti-tumour immunity. Nature, 2019, 575(7781): 217-223.
31.	Zhong WZ, Wang Q, Mao WM, et al. Gefitinib versus vinorelbine plus cisplatin as adjuvant treatment for stageⅡ-ⅢA (N1-N2) EGFR-mutant NSCLC (ADJUVANT/CTONG1104): a randomised, open-label, phase 3 study. Lancet Oncol, 2018, 19(1): 139-148.
32.	Wu YL, Tsuboi M, He J, et al. Osimertinib in resected EGFR-mutated non-small-cell lung cancer. N Engl J Med, 2020. [Epub ahead of print].
33.	Pico de Coaña Y, Choudhury A, Kiessling R. Checkpoint blockade for cancer therapy: revitalizing a suppressed immune system. Trends Mol Med, 2015, 21(8): 482-491.
34.	Gettinger S, Horn L, Jackman D, et al. Five-year follow-up of Nivolumab in previously treated advanced non-small-cell lung cancer: Results from the CA209-003 study. J Clin Oncol, 2018, 36(17): 1675-1684.
35.	Kwapisz D. Pembrolizumab and atezolizumab in triple-negative breast cancer. Cancer Immunol Immunother, 2020. [Epub ahead of print].
36.	Mcnutt M. Cancer immunotherapy. Science, 2013, 342(6165): 1417.
37.	Su Y, Fu J, Du J, et al. First-line treatments for advanced renal-cell carcinoma with immune checkpoint inhibitors: systematic review, network meta-analysis and cost-effectiveness analysis. Ther Adv Med Oncol, 2020, 12: 1758835920950199.
38.	Billan S, Kaidar-Person O, Gil Z. Treatment after progression in the era of immunotherapy. Lancet Oncol, 2020, 21(10): e463-e476.
39.	Festino L, Vanella V, Trojaniello C, et al. Selecting immuno-oncology-based drug combinations-what should we be considering? Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol, 2018, 11(10): 971-985.
40.	Huang MY, Jiang XM, Wang BL, et al. Combination therapy with PD-1/PD-L1 blockade in non-small cell lung cancer: strategies and mechanisms. Pharmacol Ther, 2020. [Epub ahead of print].

1. World Health Organization (WHO). Global Health Estimates (GHE). 2020. URL: https://www.who.int/healthinfo/global_burden_disease/en/.
2. World Health Organization (WHO). World cancer report 2020. 2020. URL: https://www.iarc.fr/cards_page/world-cancer-report/.
3. 郑荣寿, 孙可欣, 张思维, 等. 2015 年中国恶性肿瘤流行情况分析. 中华肿瘤杂志, 2019, 41(1): 19-28.
4. World Health Organization (WHO). World cancer report 2014. URL: https://www.who.int/cancer/publications/WRC_2014/en/.
5. Cao B, Bray F, Ilbawi A, et al. Effect on longevity of one-third reduction in premature mortality from non-communicable diseases by 2030: a global analysis of the Sustainable Development Goal health target. Lancet Glob Health, 2018, 6(12): e1288-e1296.
6. Feng RM, Zong YN, Cao S M, et al. Current cancer situation in China: good or bad news from the 2018 Global Cancer Statistics? Cancer Commun (Lond), 2019, 39(1): 22.
7. Pesch B, Kendzia B, Gustavsson P, et al. Cigarette smoking and lung cancer-relative risk estimates for the major histological types from a pooled analysis of case-control studies. Int J Cancer, 2012, 131(5): 1210-1219.
8. 贾漫漫, 李纪宾, 林华, 等. 吸烟对男性肺癌患者组织学分型的影响及其趋势分析. 中国肺癌杂志, 2017, 20(8): 516-521.
9. Zeng Q, Vogtmann E, Jia MM, et al. Tobacco smoking and trends in histological subtypes of female lung cancer at the Cancer Hospital of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences over 13 years. Thorac Cancer, 2019, 10(8): 1717-1724.
10. Gaudet MM, Carter BD, Brinton LA, et al. Pooled analysis of active cigarette smoking and invasive breast cancer risk in 14 cohort studies. Int J Epidemiol, 2017, 46(3): 881-893.
11. Islami F, Moreira DM, Boffetta P, et al. A systematic review and meta-analysis of tobacco use and prostate cancer mortality and incidence in prospective cohort studies. Eur Urol, 2014, 66(6): 1054-1064.
12. 中国疾病预防控制中心. 2018 年中国成人烟草调查结果. 2019. URL: http://www.chinacdc.cn/yw_9324/201905/t20190530_202932.html.
13. GBD 2015 Tobacco Collaborators. Smoking prevalence and attributable disease burden in 195 countries and territories, 1990-2015: a systematic analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015. Lancet, 2017, 389(10082): 1885-1906.
14. de Martel C, Georges D, Bray F, et al. Global burden of cancer attributable to infections in 2018: a worldwide incidence analysis. Lancet Glob Health, 2020, 8(2): e180-e190.
15. Jeon J, Holford TR, Levy DT, et al. Smoking and lung cancer mortality in the United States from 2015 to 2065: A comparative modeling approach. Ann Intern Med, 2018, 169(10): 684-693.
16. Marmot M. Diet, cancer, and NCD prevention. Lancet Oncol, 2018, 19(7): 863-864.
17. 陈仕珠. 乙型肝炎病毒疫苗免疫现状及存在的问题. 世界华人消化杂志, 2006, 14(27): 2661-2667.
18. Lin Y, Lin Z, He F, et al. Factors influencing intention to obtain the HPV vaccine and acceptability of 2-, 4- and 9-valent HPV vaccines: A study of undergraduate female health sciences students in Fujian, China. Vaccine, 2019, 37(44): 6714-6723.
19. He J, He L. Knowledge of HPV and acceptability of HPV vaccine among women in western China: a cross-sectional survey. BMC Womens Health, 2018, 18(1): 130.
20. Smith RA, Andrews KS, Brooks D, et al. Cancer screening in the United States, 2017: A review of current American Cancer Society guidelines and current issues in cancer screening. CA Cancer J Clin, 2017, 67(2): 100-121.
21. National Lung Screening Trial Research Team, Aberle DR, Adams AM, et al. Reduced lung-cancer mortality with low-dose computed tomographic screening. N Engl J Med, 2011, 365(5): 395-409.
22. 石菊芳, 代敏. 中国癌症筛查的卫生经济学评价. 中华预防医学杂志, 2017, 51(2): 107-111.
23. Cuzick J, Sestak I, Bonanni B, et al. Selective oestrogen receptor modulators in prevention of breast cancer: an updated meta-analysis of individual participant data. Lancet, 2013, 381(9880): 1827-1834.
24. Rothwell PM, Fowkes FG, Belch JF, et al. Effect of daily aspirin on long-term risk of death due to cancer: analysis of individual patient data from randomised trials. Lancet, 2011, 377(9759): 31-41.
25. Wolf J, Seto T, Han JY, et al. Capmatinib in MET exon 14-mutated or MET-amplified non-small-cell lung cancer. N Engl J Med, 2020, 383(10): 944-957.
26. Shaw AT, Riely GJ, Bang YJ, et al. Crizotinib in ROS1-rearranged advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC): updated results, including overall survival, from PROFILE 1001. Ann Oncol, 2019, 30(7): 1121-1126.
27. Farago AF, Le LP, Zheng Z, et al. Durable clinical response to entrectinib in NTRK1-rearranged non-small cell lung cancer. J Thorac Oncol, 2015, 10(12): 1670-1674.
28. Drilon A, Oxnard GR, Tan DSW, et al. Efficacy of selpercatinib in RET fusion-positive non-small-cell lung cancer. N Engl J Med, 2020, 383(9): 813-824.
29. Planchard D, Kim TM, Mazieres J, et al. Dabrafenib in patients with BRAF(V600E)-positive advanced non-small-cell lung cancer: a single-arm, multicentre, open-label, phase 2 trial. Lancet Oncol, 2016, 17(5): 642-650.
30. Canon J, Rex K, Saiki AY, et al. The clinical KRAS(G12C) inhibitor AMG 510 drives anti-tumour immunity. Nature, 2019, 575(7781): 217-223.
31. Zhong WZ, Wang Q, Mao WM, et al. Gefitinib versus vinorelbine plus cisplatin as adjuvant treatment for stageⅡ-ⅢA (N1-N2) EGFR-mutant NSCLC (ADJUVANT/CTONG1104): a randomised, open-label, phase 3 study. Lancet Oncol, 2018, 19(1): 139-148.
32. Wu YL, Tsuboi M, He J, et al. Osimertinib in resected EGFR-mutated non-small-cell lung cancer. N Engl J Med, 2020. [Epub ahead of print].
33. Pico de Coaña Y, Choudhury A, Kiessling R. Checkpoint blockade for cancer therapy: revitalizing a suppressed immune system. Trends Mol Med, 2015, 21(8): 482-491.
34. Gettinger S, Horn L, Jackman D, et al. Five-year follow-up of Nivolumab in previously treated advanced non-small-cell lung cancer: Results from the CA209-003 study. J Clin Oncol, 2018, 36(17): 1675-1684.
35. Kwapisz D. Pembrolizumab and atezolizumab in triple-negative breast cancer. Cancer Immunol Immunother, 2020. [Epub ahead of print].
36. Mcnutt M. Cancer immunotherapy. Science, 2013, 342(6165): 1417.
37. Su Y, Fu J, Du J, et al. First-line treatments for advanced renal-cell carcinoma with immune checkpoint inhibitors: systematic review, network meta-analysis and cost-effectiveness analysis. Ther Adv Med Oncol, 2020, 12: 1758835920950199.
38. Billan S, Kaidar-Person O, Gil Z. Treatment after progression in the era of immunotherapy. Lancet Oncol, 2020, 21(10): e463-e476.
39. Festino L, Vanella V, Trojaniello C, et al. Selecting immuno-oncology-based drug combinations-what should we be considering? Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol, 2018, 11(10): 971-985.
40. Huang MY, Jiang XM, Wang BL, et al. Combination therapy with PD-1/PD-L1 blockade in non-small cell lung cancer: strategies and mechanisms. Pharmacol Ther, 2020. [Epub ahead of print].

Chinese Journal of Clinical Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery

Interpretation of the World Cancer Report 2020

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