Research progress on the treatment for aging lung transplantation recipients with cardiovascular disease_Chinese Journal of Clinical Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery

Authors：

JIAO Guohui , SHENG Yating ,  CHEN Jingyu

Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi Organ Transplantation Institute, Jiangsu Lung Transplant Center, Wuxi, 214023, Jiangsu, P. R. China;

Corresponding author：

CHEN Jingyu, Email: chenjy@wuxiph.com

Keywords：

Lung transplantation; cardiac vascular disease; valve disease; survival; prognosis; review

DOI：

10.7507/1007-4848.202108094

Video：

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As the aging proceeds worldwide, aging lung transplantation recipients have been increased dramatically. Aging population with end-stage lung diseases also have comorbidities, such as cardiovascular disease, which may impact the prognosis of lung transplantation. Recent researches on lung transplantation have explored the characteristics of aging recipients, strategy selection on transplantation and cardiovascular disease management, as well as risk factors for post-transplantation complications and death. However, researches on lung transplantation recipients with cardiac valve disease are just in the initial stage. With the advancement of transcatheter technique, more patients will be benefited. We summarized the advancement in this field and took an outlook for future clinical researches.

Citation： JIAO Guohui, SHENG Yating, CHEN Jingyu. Research progress on the treatment for aging lung transplantation recipients with cardiovascular disease. Chinese Journal of Clinical Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, 2022, 29(12): 1671-1677. doi: 10.7507/1007-4848.202108094 Copy

1.	Manoushagian S, Meshkov A. Evaluation of solid organ transplant candidates for coronary artery disease. Am J Transplant, 2014, 14(10): 2228-2234.
2.	Valapour M, Lehr CJ, Skeans MA, et al. OPTN/SRTR 2017 annual data report: Lung. Am J Transplant, 2019, 19 Suppl 2: 404-484.
3.	Aronow WS. Heart disease and aging. Med Clin North Am, 2006, 90(5): 849-862.
4.	Lentine KL, Costa SP, Weir MR, et al. Cardiac disease evaluation and management among kidney and liver transplantation candidates: A scientific statement from the American Heart Association and the American College of Cardiology Foundation: Endorsed by the American Society of Transplant Surgeons, American Society of Transplantation, and National Kidney Foundation. Circulation, 2012, 126(5): 617-663.
5.	Carey WD, Dumot JA, Pimentel RR, et al. The prevalence of coronary artery disease in liver transplant candidates over age 50. Transplantation, 1995, 59(6): 859-864.
6.	Plotkin JS, Scott VL, Pinna A, et al. Morbidity and mortality in patients with coronary artery disease undergoing orthotopic liver transplantation. Liver Transpl Surg, 1996, 2(6): 426-430.
7.	Tiukinhoy-Laing SD, Rossi JS, Bayram M, et al. Cardiac hemodynamic and coronary angiographic characteristics of patients being evaluated for liver transplantation. Am J Cardiol, 2006, 98(2): 178-181.
8.	Tsai HI, Liu FC, Lee CW, et al. Cardiovascular disease risk in patients receiving organ transplantation: A national cohort study. Transpl Int, 2017, 30(11): 1161-1171.
9.	Izbicki G, Ben-Dor I, Shitrit D, et al. The prevalence of coronary artery disease in end-stage pulmonary disease: Is pulmonary fibrosis a risk factor? Respir Med, 2009, 103(9): 1346-1349.
10.	Kanaparthi J, Kashem MA, Suryapalam M, et al. Prior and perioperative revascularization does not affect survival in lung transplant patients. Ann Thorac Surg, 2020, 109(6): 1677-1683.
11.	Chaikriangkrai K, Jyothula S, Jhun HY, et al. Impact of pre-operative coronary artery disease on cardiovascular events following lung transplantation. J Heart Lung Transplant, 2016, 35(1): 115-121.
12.	Castleberry AW, Martin JT, Osho AA, et al. Coronary revascularization in lung transplant recipients with concomitant coronary artery disease. Am J Transplant, 2013, 13(11): 2978-2988.
13.	Halloran K, Hirji A, Li D, et al. Coronary artery disease and coronary artery bypass grafting at the time of lung transplantation do not impact overall survival. Transplantation, 2019, 103(10): 2190-2195.
14.	Zanotti G, Hartwig MG, Castleberry AW, et al. Preoperative mild-to-moderate coronary artery disease does not affect long-term outcomes of lung transplantation. Transplantation, 2014, 97(10): 1079-1085.
15.	Koprivanac M, Budev MM, Yun JJ, et al. How important is coronary artery disease when considering lung transplant candidates? J Heart Lung Transplant, 2016, 35(12): 1453-1461.
16.	Makey IA, Sui JW, Huynh C, et al. Lung transplant patients with coronary artery disease rarely die of cardiac causes. Clin Transplant, 2018, 32(9): e13354.
17.	Snell GI, Richardson M, Griffiths AP, et al. Coronary artery disease in potential lung transplant recipients>50 years old: The role of coronary intervention. Chest, 1999, 116(4): 874-879.
18.	Khandhar SJ, Althouse AD, Mulukutla S, et al. Postoperative outcomes and management strategies for coronary artery disease in patients in need of a lung transplantation. Clin Transplant, 2017, 31(9).
19.	Aggarwal R, Jackson S, Lemke NT, et al. Lung transplant recipients with prior coronary artery bypass grafting are at increased risk of death and early perioperative hemorrhage. Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 2022, 34(2): 763-770.
20.	Jones MO, Patel SM, Tefera LT et al. The impact of coronary artery disease on lung transplantation outcomes. J Heart Lung Transplant, 2014, 33: s80.
21.	Choong CK, Meyers BF, Guthrie TJ, et al. Does the presence of preoperative mild or moderate coronary artery disease affect the outcomes of lung transplantation? Ann Thorac Surg, 2006, 82(3): 1038-1042.
22.	Vadnerkar A, Toyoda Y, Crespo M, et al. Age-specific complications among lung transplant recipients 60 years and older. J Heart Lung Transplant, 2011, 30(3): 273-281.
23.	Saad M, Elgendy IY, Mentias A, et al. Incidence, predictors, and outcomes of early atrial arrhythmias after lung transplant: A systematic review and meta-analysis. JACC Clin Electrophysiol, 2017, 3(7): 718-726.
24.	Seoane L, Arcement LM, Valentine VG, et al. Long-term survival in lung transplant recipients after successful preoperative coronary revascularization. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 2005, 130(2): 538-541.
25.	Orrego CM, Cordero-Reyes AM, Estep JD, et al. Atrial arrhythmias after lung transplant: Underlying mechanisms, risk factors, and prognosis. J Heart Lung Transplant, 2014, 33(7): 734-740.
26.	Mateen FJ, Dierkhising RA, Rabinstein AA, et al. Neurological complications following adult lung transplantation. Am J Transplant, 2010, 10(4): 908-914.
27.	Shigemura N, Sclabassi RJ, Bhama JK, et al. Early major neurologic complications after lung transplantation: Incidence, risk factors, and outcome. Transplantation, 2013, 95(6): 866-871.
28.	Parekh K, Meyers BF, Patterson GA, et al. Outcome of lung transplantation for patients requiring concomitant cardiac surgery. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 2005, 130(3): 859-863.
29.	Nkomo VT, Gardin JM, Skelton TN, et al. Burden of valvular heart diseases: A population-based study. Lancet, 2006, 368(9540): 1005-1011.
30.	Chan PG, Sanchez PG, Morrell MR, et al. Concomitant surgical aortic valve replacement with bilateral orthotopic lung transplantation. J Card Surg, 2020, 35(2): 470-472.
31.	Bianco V, Kilic A, Gleason TG, et al. Outcomes in patients with solid organ transplants undergoing cardiac surgery. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 2020, 160(3): 701-707.
32.	Ius F, Moscalenco D, Boethig D, et al. Cardiac valve operations after solid organ transplantation: A single-center experience. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 2021, 161(2): 595-606.
33.	Iorio A, Di Nora C, Abate E, et al. MitraClip after heart transplantation: A case report. Int J Cardiol, 2015, 196: 143-144.
34.	Wallen TJ, Arnaoutakis GJ, Beaver T, et al. Successful bridge to lung transplantation with transcatheter aortic valve replacement. Am J Transplant, 2020, 20(12): 3658-3661.
35.	Smith CR, Leon MB, Mack MJ, et al. Transcatheter versus surgical aortic-valve replacement in high-risk patients. N Engl J Med, 2011, 364(23): 2187-2198.
36.	Leon MB, Smith CR, Mack MJ et al. Transcatheter or surgical aortic-valve replacement in intermediate-risk patients. N Engl J Med, 2016, 374(17): 1609-1620.
37.	Mack MJ, Leon MB, Thourani VH, et al. Transcatheter aortic-valve replacement with a balloon-expandable valve in low-risk patients. N Engl J Med, 2019, 380(18): 1695-1705.
38.	Levy C, Lassailly G, El Amrani M, et al. Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) as bridge therapy restoring eligibility for liver transplantation in cirrhotic patients. Am J Transplant, 2020, 20(9): 2567-2570.
39.	Wallen TJ, Pelaez A, Chandrashekaran S, et al. Successful preoperative optimization for lung transplantation with transcatheter mitral valve repair. Ann Thorac Surg, 2021, 111(3): e201-e203.
40.	Shigemura N, Sareyyupoglu B, Bhama J, et al. Combining tricuspid valve repair with double lung transplantation in patients with severe pulmonary hypertension, tricuspid regurgitation, and right ventricular dysfunction. Chest, 2011, 140(4): 1033-1039.
41.	Salman J, Ius F, Sommer W, et al. Mid-term results of bilateral lung transplant with postoperatively extended intraoperative extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for severe pulmonary hypertension. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg, 2017, 52(1): 163-170.
42.	Topilsky Y, Maltais S, Medina Inojosa J, et al. Burden of tricuspid regurgitation in patients diagnosed in the community setting. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging, 2019, 12(3): 433-442.
43.	焦国慧, 陈静瑜. 后疫情时代的肺移植临床研究发展和未来展望. 器官移植, 2021, 12(5): 506-511.
44.	Perego C, Sbolli M, Specchia C, et al. Utility of restricted mean survival time analysis for heart failure clinical trial evaluation and interpretation. JACC Heart Fail, 2020, 8(12): 973-983.

1. Manoushagian S, Meshkov A. Evaluation of solid organ transplant candidates for coronary artery disease. Am J Transplant, 2014, 14(10): 2228-2234.
2. Valapour M, Lehr CJ, Skeans MA, et al. OPTN/SRTR 2017 annual data report: Lung. Am J Transplant, 2019, 19 Suppl 2: 404-484.
3. Aronow WS. Heart disease and aging. Med Clin North Am, 2006, 90(5): 849-862.
4. Lentine KL, Costa SP, Weir MR, et al. Cardiac disease evaluation and management among kidney and liver transplantation candidates: A scientific statement from the American Heart Association and the American College of Cardiology Foundation: Endorsed by the American Society of Transplant Surgeons, American Society of Transplantation, and National Kidney Foundation. Circulation, 2012, 126(5): 617-663.
5. Carey WD, Dumot JA, Pimentel RR, et al. The prevalence of coronary artery disease in liver transplant candidates over age 50. Transplantation, 1995, 59(6): 859-864.
6. Plotkin JS, Scott VL, Pinna A, et al. Morbidity and mortality in patients with coronary artery disease undergoing orthotopic liver transplantation. Liver Transpl Surg, 1996, 2(6): 426-430.
7. Tiukinhoy-Laing SD, Rossi JS, Bayram M, et al. Cardiac hemodynamic and coronary angiographic characteristics of patients being evaluated for liver transplantation. Am J Cardiol, 2006, 98(2): 178-181.
8. Tsai HI, Liu FC, Lee CW, et al. Cardiovascular disease risk in patients receiving organ transplantation: A national cohort study. Transpl Int, 2017, 30(11): 1161-1171.
9. Izbicki G, Ben-Dor I, Shitrit D, et al. The prevalence of coronary artery disease in end-stage pulmonary disease: Is pulmonary fibrosis a risk factor? Respir Med, 2009, 103(9): 1346-1349.
10. Kanaparthi J, Kashem MA, Suryapalam M, et al. Prior and perioperative revascularization does not affect survival in lung transplant patients. Ann Thorac Surg, 2020, 109(6): 1677-1683.
11. Chaikriangkrai K, Jyothula S, Jhun HY, et al. Impact of pre-operative coronary artery disease on cardiovascular events following lung transplantation. J Heart Lung Transplant, 2016, 35(1): 115-121.
12. Castleberry AW, Martin JT, Osho AA, et al. Coronary revascularization in lung transplant recipients with concomitant coronary artery disease. Am J Transplant, 2013, 13(11): 2978-2988.
13. Halloran K, Hirji A, Li D, et al. Coronary artery disease and coronary artery bypass grafting at the time of lung transplantation do not impact overall survival. Transplantation, 2019, 103(10): 2190-2195.
14. Zanotti G, Hartwig MG, Castleberry AW, et al. Preoperative mild-to-moderate coronary artery disease does not affect long-term outcomes of lung transplantation. Transplantation, 2014, 97(10): 1079-1085.
15. Koprivanac M, Budev MM, Yun JJ, et al. How important is coronary artery disease when considering lung transplant candidates? J Heart Lung Transplant, 2016, 35(12): 1453-1461.
16. Makey IA, Sui JW, Huynh C, et al. Lung transplant patients with coronary artery disease rarely die of cardiac causes. Clin Transplant, 2018, 32(9): e13354.
17. Snell GI, Richardson M, Griffiths AP, et al. Coronary artery disease in potential lung transplant recipients>50 years old: The role of coronary intervention. Chest, 1999, 116(4): 874-879.
18. Khandhar SJ, Althouse AD, Mulukutla S, et al. Postoperative outcomes and management strategies for coronary artery disease in patients in need of a lung transplantation. Clin Transplant, 2017, 31(9).
19. Aggarwal R, Jackson S, Lemke NT, et al. Lung transplant recipients with prior coronary artery bypass grafting are at increased risk of death and early perioperative hemorrhage. Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 2022, 34(2): 763-770.
20. Jones MO, Patel SM, Tefera LT et al. The impact of coronary artery disease on lung transplantation outcomes. J Heart Lung Transplant, 2014, 33: s80.
21. Choong CK, Meyers BF, Guthrie TJ, et al. Does the presence of preoperative mild or moderate coronary artery disease affect the outcomes of lung transplantation? Ann Thorac Surg, 2006, 82(3): 1038-1042.
22. Vadnerkar A, Toyoda Y, Crespo M, et al. Age-specific complications among lung transplant recipients 60 years and older. J Heart Lung Transplant, 2011, 30(3): 273-281.
23. Saad M, Elgendy IY, Mentias A, et al. Incidence, predictors, and outcomes of early atrial arrhythmias after lung transplant: A systematic review and meta-analysis. JACC Clin Electrophysiol, 2017, 3(7): 718-726.
24. Seoane L, Arcement LM, Valentine VG, et al. Long-term survival in lung transplant recipients after successful preoperative coronary revascularization. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 2005, 130(2): 538-541.
25. Orrego CM, Cordero-Reyes AM, Estep JD, et al. Atrial arrhythmias after lung transplant: Underlying mechanisms, risk factors, and prognosis. J Heart Lung Transplant, 2014, 33(7): 734-740.
26. Mateen FJ, Dierkhising RA, Rabinstein AA, et al. Neurological complications following adult lung transplantation. Am J Transplant, 2010, 10(4): 908-914.
27. Shigemura N, Sclabassi RJ, Bhama JK, et al. Early major neurologic complications after lung transplantation: Incidence, risk factors, and outcome. Transplantation, 2013, 95(6): 866-871.
28. Parekh K, Meyers BF, Patterson GA, et al. Outcome of lung transplantation for patients requiring concomitant cardiac surgery. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 2005, 130(3): 859-863.
29. Nkomo VT, Gardin JM, Skelton TN, et al. Burden of valvular heart diseases: A population-based study. Lancet, 2006, 368(9540): 1005-1011.
30. Chan PG, Sanchez PG, Morrell MR, et al. Concomitant surgical aortic valve replacement with bilateral orthotopic lung transplantation. J Card Surg, 2020, 35(2): 470-472.
31. Bianco V, Kilic A, Gleason TG, et al. Outcomes in patients with solid organ transplants undergoing cardiac surgery. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 2020, 160(3): 701-707.
32. Ius F, Moscalenco D, Boethig D, et al. Cardiac valve operations after solid organ transplantation: A single-center experience. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 2021, 161(2): 595-606.
33. Iorio A, Di Nora C, Abate E, et al. MitraClip after heart transplantation: A case report. Int J Cardiol, 2015, 196: 143-144.
34. Wallen TJ, Arnaoutakis GJ, Beaver T, et al. Successful bridge to lung transplantation with transcatheter aortic valve replacement. Am J Transplant, 2020, 20(12): 3658-3661.
35. Smith CR, Leon MB, Mack MJ, et al. Transcatheter versus surgical aortic-valve replacement in high-risk patients. N Engl J Med, 2011, 364(23): 2187-2198.
36. Leon MB, Smith CR, Mack MJ et al. Transcatheter or surgical aortic-valve replacement in intermediate-risk patients. N Engl J Med, 2016, 374(17): 1609-1620.
37. Mack MJ, Leon MB, Thourani VH, et al. Transcatheter aortic-valve replacement with a balloon-expandable valve in low-risk patients. N Engl J Med, 2019, 380(18): 1695-1705.
38. Levy C, Lassailly G, El Amrani M, et al. Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) as bridge therapy restoring eligibility for liver transplantation in cirrhotic patients. Am J Transplant, 2020, 20(9): 2567-2570.
39. Wallen TJ, Pelaez A, Chandrashekaran S, et al. Successful preoperative optimization for lung transplantation with transcatheter mitral valve repair. Ann Thorac Surg, 2021, 111(3): e201-e203.
40. Shigemura N, Sareyyupoglu B, Bhama J, et al. Combining tricuspid valve repair with double lung transplantation in patients with severe pulmonary hypertension, tricuspid regurgitation, and right ventricular dysfunction. Chest, 2011, 140(4): 1033-1039.
41. Salman J, Ius F, Sommer W, et al. Mid-term results of bilateral lung transplant with postoperatively extended intraoperative extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for severe pulmonary hypertension. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg, 2017, 52(1): 163-170.
42. Topilsky Y, Maltais S, Medina Inojosa J, et al. Burden of tricuspid regurgitation in patients diagnosed in the community setting. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging, 2019, 12(3): 433-442.
43. 焦国慧, 陈静瑜. 后疫情时代的肺移植临床研究发展和未来展望. 器官移植, 2021, 12(5): 506-511.
44. Perego C, Sbolli M, Specchia C, et al. Utility of restricted mean survival time analysis for heart failure clinical trial evaluation and interpretation. JACC Heart Fail, 2020, 8(12): 973-983.

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