Ultrastructural Effect of High Hydrostatic Pressure and Hypoxia Upon Vasa Vasorum of The Walls of Great Saphenous Vein and Splenic Vein_CHINESE JOURNAL OF BASES AND CLINICS IN GENERAL SURGERY

Authors：

 WANGTao ¹ , XURui ² , JULing-yan ¹ , WANGMei-hong ¹ , XUYong-bo ³ ,  ZHUXiao-ji ³ , LIKun ³ , CHUHai-bo ³

1. Department of Pathology, The 89th Hospital of PLA, Weifang 261021, Shandong Province, China;
2. Department of Postgraduate, Weifang Medical College, Weifang 261042, Shandong Province, China;
3. Department of General Surgery, The 89th Hospital of PLA, Weifang 261021, Shandong Province, China;

Corresponding author：

ZHUXiao-ji, Email: xiaojizhu@163.com

Keywords：

Varicose vein; Diseased splenic vein; Vasa vasorum; Endothelial cell; Ultrastructure

DOI：

10.7507/1007-9424.20140297

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Objective To observe the ultrastructural changes of vasa vasorum endothelial cells in the walls of the great saphenous vein and splenic vein, and to evaluate the effect of high hydrostatic pressure and hypoxia upon vasa vasorum endothelial cells. Methods Thirty-four varicose great saphenous vein samples and splenic vein samples with portal hypertension were obtained, and the same number of normal great saphenous vein and splenic vein were used as the control groups. Semi-thin sections stained with HE staining vasa vasorum of the adventitia in great saphenous vein and splenic vein were observed for light microscopy. Samples were made into ultrathin-slices again. The ultrastructural changes of endothelial cells were observed under transmission electron microscopy. Results In varicose great saphenous veins and diseased splenic veins, the nuclear architecture of endothelial cells in vasa vasorum were integrity and the distribution of chromatin were normal. In some mitochondria, the trachychromatic groundplasm, undefined and ruptured cristae were found. Conclusion Under high hydrostatic pressure and hypoxia conditions, the ultrastructure of vasa vasorum endothelial cells between the great saphenous vein and the splenic vein may appear remodeling phenomenon, and both changes are similar.

Citation： WANGTao, XURui, JULing-yan, WANGMei-hong, XUYong-bo, ZHUXiao-ji, LIKun, CHUHai-bo. Ultrastructural Effect of High Hydrostatic Pressure and Hypoxia Upon Vasa Vasorum of The Walls of Great Saphenous Vein and Splenic Vein. CHINESE JOURNAL OF BASES AND CLINICS IN GENERAL SURGERY, 2014, 21(10): 1241-1244. doi: 10.7507/1007-9424.20140297 Copy

1.	Kachlik D, Baca V, Stingl J, et al. Architectonic arrangement of the vasa vasorum of the human great saphenous vein[J]. J Vasc Res, 2007, 44(2):157-166.
2.	Lametschwandtner A, Minnich B, Kachlik D, et al. Three-dimensional arrangement of the vasa vasorum in explanted segments of the aged human great saphenous vein:scanning electron microscopy and three-dimensional morphometry of vascular corro-sion casts[J]. Anat Rec A Discov Mol Cell Evol Biol, 2004, 281(2):1372-1382.
3.	Kachlík D, Stingl J, Sosna B, et al. Morphological features of vasa vasorum in pathologically changed human great saphenous vein and its tributaries[J]. Vasa, 2008, 37(20):127-136.
4.	Chu HB, Yan F, Zhao JH, et al. Assessment of vasa vasorum in the walls of thrombophlebitic saphenous vein[J]. Int Angiol, 2013, 32(5):459-464.
5.	Kachlík D, Lametschwandtner A, Rejmontová J, et al. Vasa vasorum of the human great saphenous vein[J]. Surg Radiol Anat, 2003, 24(6):377-381.
6.	王涛, 徐睿, 鞠玲燕, 等.高流体静力压下大隐静脉和脾静脉管壁滋养血管对比研究[J].中国普通外科杂志, 2014, 23(6):759-764.
7.	Tonar Z, Kural T Jr, Kochová P, et al. Vasa vasorum quantification in human varicose great and small saphenous veins[J]. Ann Anat, 2012, 194(5):473-481.
8.	Bayer IM, Caniggia I, Adamson SL, et al. Experimental angio-genesis of arterial vasa vasorum[J]. Cell Tissue Res, 2002, 307(3):303-313.
9.	Mulligan-Kehoe MJ. The vasa vasorum in diseased and nondiseased arteries[J]. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, 2010, 298(2):H295-H 305.
10.	Jain RK. Molecular regulation of vessel maturation[J]. Nat Med, 2003, 9(6):685-693.
11.	Dashwood MR, Loesch A. The saphenous vein as a bypass conduit:the potential role of vascular nerves in graft performance[J]. Curr Vasc Pharmacol, 2009, 7(1):47-57.
12.	Dashwood MR, Anand R, Loesch A, et al. Hypothesis:a potential role for the vasa vasorum in the maintenance of vein graft patency[J]. Angiology, 2004, 55(4):385-395.
13.	Dashwood MR, Savage K, Tsui JC, et al. Retaining perivascular tissue of human saphenous vein grafts protects against surgical and distension-induced damage and pre-serves endothelial nitric oxide synthase and nitric oxide synthase activity[J]. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 2009, 138(2):334-340.
14.	Rueda F, Souza D, Lima Rde C, et al. Novel no-touch technique of harvesting the saphenous vein for coronary artery bypass grafting[J]. Arq Bras Cardiol, 2008, 90(6):356-362.
15.	Gössl M, Rosol M, Malyar NM, et al. Functional anatomy and hemodynamic characteristics of vasa vasorum in the walls of porcine coronary arteries[J]. Anat Rec A Discov Mol Cell Evol Biol, 2003, 272(2):526-537.
16.	Minnich B, Lametschwandtner A, Kachlik D, et al. Spatial arran-gement of vasa vasorum of the human great saphenous vein:scanning electron microscopy and 3D-morphometry of vascular corrosion casts[J]. Microsc Microanal, 2005, 11(S02):174-175.
17.	Ahmed SR, Johansson BL, Karlsson MG, et al. Human saphenous vein and coronary bypass surgery:ultrastructural aspects of conventional and "no-touch" vein graft preparations[J]. Histol Histopathol, 2004, 19(2):421-433.
18.	Dreifaldt M, Souza DS, Loesch A, et al. The "no-touch" harvesting technique for vein grafts in coronary artery bypass surgery preserves an intact vasa vasorum[J]. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 2011, 141(1):145-150.
19.	Ritman EL, Lerman A. The dynamic vasa vasorum[J]. Cardiovasc Res, 2007, 75(4):649-658.
20.	Davie NJ, Gerasimovskaya EV, Hofmeister SE, et al. Pulmonary artery adventitial fibroblasts cooperate with vasa vasorum endothelial cells to regulate vasa vasorum neovascularization:a process mediated by hypoxia and endothelin-1[J]. Am J Pathol, 2006, 168(6):1793-1807.
21.	Xu YB, Bian XW, Chu HB, et al. Effects of high hemodynamics upon the morphology of the walls of the great saphenous vein and splenic vein[J]. Int Angiol, 2014, 33(3):292-298.
22.	Kuwahara F, Kai H, Tokuda K, et al. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha/vascular endothelial growth factor pathway for adventitial vasa vasorum formation in hypertensive rat aorta[J]. Hypertension, 2002, 39(1):46-50.
23.	Stenmark KR, Yeager ME, El Kasmi KC, et al. The adventitia:essential regulator of vascular wall structure and function[J]. Annu Rev Physiol, 2013, 75:23-47.
24.	Phillips GD, Stone AM, Schultz JC, et al. Age-related alterations in the morphology of femoral artery vasa vasorum in the rat[J]. Mech Ageing Dev, 1995, 82(2-3):149-154.
25.	Vasuri F, Fittipaldi S, Buzzi M, et al. Nestin and WT1 expression in small-sized vasa vasorum from human normal arteries[J]. Histol Histopathol, 2012, 27(9):1195-1202.

1. Kachlik D, Baca V, Stingl J, et al. Architectonic arrangement of the vasa vasorum of the human great saphenous vein[J]. J Vasc Res, 2007, 44(2):157-166.
2. Lametschwandtner A, Minnich B, Kachlik D, et al. Three-dimensional arrangement of the vasa vasorum in explanted segments of the aged human great saphenous vein:scanning electron microscopy and three-dimensional morphometry of vascular corro-sion casts[J]. Anat Rec A Discov Mol Cell Evol Biol, 2004, 281(2):1372-1382.
3. Kachlík D, Stingl J, Sosna B, et al. Morphological features of vasa vasorum in pathologically changed human great saphenous vein and its tributaries[J]. Vasa, 2008, 37(20):127-136.
4. Chu HB, Yan F, Zhao JH, et al. Assessment of vasa vasorum in the walls of thrombophlebitic saphenous vein[J]. Int Angiol, 2013, 32(5):459-464.
5. Kachlík D, Lametschwandtner A, Rejmontová J, et al. Vasa vasorum of the human great saphenous vein[J]. Surg Radiol Anat, 2003, 24(6):377-381.
6. 王涛, 徐睿, 鞠玲燕, 等.高流体静力压下大隐静脉和脾静脉管壁滋养血管对比研究[J].中国普通外科杂志, 2014, 23(6):759-764.
7. Tonar Z, Kural T Jr, Kochová P, et al. Vasa vasorum quantification in human varicose great and small saphenous veins[J]. Ann Anat, 2012, 194(5):473-481.
8. Bayer IM, Caniggia I, Adamson SL, et al. Experimental angio-genesis of arterial vasa vasorum[J]. Cell Tissue Res, 2002, 307(3):303-313.
9. Mulligan-Kehoe MJ. The vasa vasorum in diseased and nondiseased arteries[J]. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, 2010, 298(2):H295-H 305.
10. Jain RK. Molecular regulation of vessel maturation[J]. Nat Med, 2003, 9(6):685-693.
11. Dashwood MR, Loesch A. The saphenous vein as a bypass conduit:the potential role of vascular nerves in graft performance[J]. Curr Vasc Pharmacol, 2009, 7(1):47-57.
12. Dashwood MR, Anand R, Loesch A, et al. Hypothesis:a potential role for the vasa vasorum in the maintenance of vein graft patency[J]. Angiology, 2004, 55(4):385-395.
13. Dashwood MR, Savage K, Tsui JC, et al. Retaining perivascular tissue of human saphenous vein grafts protects against surgical and distension-induced damage and pre-serves endothelial nitric oxide synthase and nitric oxide synthase activity[J]. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 2009, 138(2):334-340.
14. Rueda F, Souza D, Lima Rde C, et al. Novel no-touch technique of harvesting the saphenous vein for coronary artery bypass grafting[J]. Arq Bras Cardiol, 2008, 90(6):356-362.
15. Gössl M, Rosol M, Malyar NM, et al. Functional anatomy and hemodynamic characteristics of vasa vasorum in the walls of porcine coronary arteries[J]. Anat Rec A Discov Mol Cell Evol Biol, 2003, 272(2):526-537.
16. Minnich B, Lametschwandtner A, Kachlik D, et al. Spatial arran-gement of vasa vasorum of the human great saphenous vein:scanning electron microscopy and 3D-morphometry of vascular corrosion casts[J]. Microsc Microanal, 2005, 11(S02):174-175.
17. Ahmed SR, Johansson BL, Karlsson MG, et al. Human saphenous vein and coronary bypass surgery:ultrastructural aspects of conventional and "no-touch" vein graft preparations[J]. Histol Histopathol, 2004, 19(2):421-433.
18. Dreifaldt M, Souza DS, Loesch A, et al. The "no-touch" harvesting technique for vein grafts in coronary artery bypass surgery preserves an intact vasa vasorum[J]. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 2011, 141(1):145-150.
19. Ritman EL, Lerman A. The dynamic vasa vasorum[J]. Cardiovasc Res, 2007, 75(4):649-658.
20. Davie NJ, Gerasimovskaya EV, Hofmeister SE, et al. Pulmonary artery adventitial fibroblasts cooperate with vasa vasorum endothelial cells to regulate vasa vasorum neovascularization:a process mediated by hypoxia and endothelin-1[J]. Am J Pathol, 2006, 168(6):1793-1807.
21. Xu YB, Bian XW, Chu HB, et al. Effects of high hemodynamics upon the morphology of the walls of the great saphenous vein and splenic vein[J]. Int Angiol, 2014, 33(3):292-298.
22. Kuwahara F, Kai H, Tokuda K, et al. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha/vascular endothelial growth factor pathway for adventitial vasa vasorum formation in hypertensive rat aorta[J]. Hypertension, 2002, 39(1):46-50.
23. Stenmark KR, Yeager ME, El Kasmi KC, et al. The adventitia:essential regulator of vascular wall structure and function[J]. Annu Rev Physiol, 2013, 75:23-47.
24. Phillips GD, Stone AM, Schultz JC, et al. Age-related alterations in the morphology of femoral artery vasa vasorum in the rat[J]. Mech Ageing Dev, 1995, 82(2-3):149-154.
25. Vasuri F, Fittipaldi S, Buzzi M, et al. Nestin and WT1 expression in small-sized vasa vasorum from human normal arteries[J]. Histol Histopathol, 2012, 27(9):1195-1202.

CHINESE JOURNAL OF BASES AND CLINICS IN GENERAL SURGERY

Ultrastructural Effect of High Hydrostatic Pressure and Hypoxia Upon Vasa Vasorum of The Walls of Great Saphenous Vein and Splenic Vein

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