New Progress of Conversion Therapies on Increasing Surgical Resection Rate of Patients with Liver Metastasis from Colorectal Carcinoma_CHINESE JOURNAL OF BASES AND CLINICS IN GENERAL SURGERY

Authors：

 ZHUFeng-feng ,  ZHAOJun

Department of Ⅴ Hepatic Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200438, China;

Corresponding author：

ZHAOJun, Email: 1239635303@qq.com

Keywords：

Liver metastasis from colorectal carcinoma; Conversion therapy; Prognostic evaluation; Surgical resection

DOI：

10.7507/1007-9424.20140326

Video：

Export PDF Favorites Scan Get Citation

Abstract Full text Figures/Tables Video References Cited by

Objective To understand the latest progress of conversion therapies on increasing surgical resection rate of patients with liver metastasis from colorectal carcinoma, evaluate the clinical value of prognostic evaluation model in surgical resection of patients with liver metastasis from colorectal carcinoma, further offer guidance in comprehensive treatment to control disease and improve the quality of life. Methods The literatures about new progress in surgical treatment of liver metastasis from colorectal carcinoma at domestic and abroad were reviewed, including the indication of operation, prognostic evaluation model, and how to increase the resection rate for liver metastasis from colorectal carcinoma patients with conversion therapies. Results Part of patients with liver metastasis from colorectal carcinoma could get surgeries after accepting positive conversion therapies.For the patients with liver metastases from colorectal carcinoma did not accepted surgeries all the way, it was a safe and effective treatment method by different conversion therapies such as neoadjuvant chemotherapy, molecular targeted therapy, transcatheter arterial chemoembolization, radiofrequency ablation, and so on, and it could improve the quality of life and prolong the survival time. Conclusions Doctors should pay attention to conversion therapies of patients with liver metastasis from colorectal carcinoma, and promote the usage of the prognostic evaluation model in liver metastasis from colorectal carcinoma.

Citation： ZHUFeng-feng, ZHAOJun. New Progress of Conversion Therapies on Increasing Surgical Resection Rate of Patients with Liver Metastasis from Colorectal Carcinoma. CHINESE JOURNAL OF BASES AND CLINICS IN GENERAL SURGERY, 2014, 21(11): 1353-1359. doi: 10.7507/1007-9424.20140326 Copy

1.	Jemal A, Bray F, Center MM, et al.Global cancer statistics[J].CA Cancer J Clin, 2011, 61(2):69-90.
2.	Mayo SC, Pawlik TM.Current management of colorectal hepatic metastasis[J].Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol, 2009, 3(2):131-144.
3.	Kemeny N, Fata F.Arterial, portal, or systemic chemotherapy for patients with hepatic metastasis of colorectal carcinoma[J].J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Surg, 1999, 6(1):39-49.
4.	Jemal A, Siegel R, Ward E, et al.Cancer statistics, 2007[J].CA Cancer J Clin, 2007, 57(1):43-66.
5.	Viganò L, Russolillo N, Ferrero A, et al.Evolution of long-term outcome of liver resection for colorectal metastases:analysis of actual 5-year survival rates over two decades[J].Ann Surg Oncol, 2012, 19(6):2035-2044.
6.	倪俊声, 周伟平.结直肠癌肝转移外科治疗策略[J].肝胆外科杂志, 2011, 19(1):67-69.
7.	Adson MA, Van Heerden JA.Major hepatic resections for metastatic colorectal cancer[J].Ann Surg, 1980, 191(5):576-583.
8.	Fong Y, Fortner J, Sun RL, et al.Clinical score for predicting recurrence after hepatic resection for metastatic colorectal cancer:analysis of 1001 consecutive cases[J].Ann Surg, 1999, 230(3):309-321.
9.	Choti MA, Sitzmann JV, Tiburi MF, et al.Trends in long-term survival following liver resection for hepatic colorectal metastases[J].Ann Surg, 2002, 235(6):759-766.
10.	Wagner JS, Adson MA, Van Heerden JA, et al.The natural history of hepatic metastases from colorectal cancer.A comparison with resective treatment[J].Ann Surg, 1984, 199(5):502-508.
11.	Misiakos EP, Karidis NP, Kouraklis G.Current treatment for colorectal liver metastases[J].World J Gastroenterol, 2011, 17(36):4067-4075.
12.	Steele G Jr, Ravikumar TS.Resection of hepatic metastases from colorectal cancer.Biologic perspective[J].Ann Surg, 1989, 210(2):127-138.
13.	Gustavsson B.Simultaneous surgery for primary colorectal cancer and metastatic lesions?[J].Scand J Gastroenterol, 2012, 47(3):269-276.
14.	Chua TC, Morris DL.Therapeutic potential of surgery for metastatic colorectal cancer[J].Scand J Gastroenterol, 2012, 47(3):258-268.
15.	Lupinacci RM, Coelho FF, Perini MV, et al.Current management of liver metastases from colorectal cancer:recommendations of the São Paulo Liver Club[J].Rev Col Bras Cir, 2013, 40(3):251-260.
16.	Arru M, Aldrighetti L, Castoldi R, et al.Analysis of prognostic factors influencing long-term survival after hepatic resection for metastatic colorectal cancer[J].World J Surg, 2008, 32(1):93-103.
17.	Konopke R, Roth J, Volk A, et al.Colorectal liver metastases:an update on palliative treatment options[J].J Gastrointestin Liver Dis, 2012, 21(1):83-91.
18.	Tsang WY, Lin BS, Ziogas A, at al.Role of primary tumor resection among chemotherapy-treated patients with synchronous stageⅣcolorectal cancer:a survival analysis[J].J Gastrointest Surg, 2014, 18(3):592-598.
19.	Charnsangavej C, Clary B, Fong Y, et al.Selection of patients for resection of hepatic colorectal metastases:expert consensus statement[J].Ann Surg Oncol, 2006, 13(10):1261-1268.
20.	Adam R, De Gramont A, Figueras J, et al.The oncosurgery approach to managing liver metastases from colorectal cancer:a multidisciplinary international consensus[J].Oncologist, 2012, 17(10):1225-1239.
21.	Figueras J, Burdio F, Ramos E, et al.Effect of subcentimeter nonpositive resection margin on hepatic recurrence in patients undergoing hepatectomy for colorectal liver metastases.Evidences from 663 liver resections[J].Ann Oncol, 2007, 18(7):1190-1195.
22.	Takahashi S, Nagai K, Saito N, et al.Multiple resections for hepatic and pulmonary metastases of colorectal carcinoma[J].Jpn J Clin Oncol, 2007, 37(3):186-192.
23.	Jaeck D, Pessaux P.Bilobar colorectal liver metastases:treatment options[J].Surg Oncol Clin N Am, 2008, 17(3):553-568, ix.
24.	Pawlik TM, Abdalla EK, Ellis LM, et al.Debunking dogma:surgery for four or more colorectal liver metastases is justified[J].J Gastrointest Surg, 2006, 10(2):240-248.
25.	许剑民, 钟芸诗, 秦新裕.同时性结直肠癌肝转移的外科治疗进展[J/CD].中华普外科手术学杂志:电子版, 2010, 4(1):10-15.
26.	Pawlik TM, Schulick RD, Choti MA.Expanding criteria for resectability of colorectal liver metastases[J].Oncologist, 2008, 13(1):51-64.
27.	中华医学会外科学分会胃肠外科学组, 中华医学会外科学分会结直肠肛门外科学组, 中国抗癌协会大肠癌专业委员会.结直肠癌肝转移诊断和综合治疗指南(V2013)[J].中国实用外科杂志, 2013, 33(8):635-644.
28.	Mala T, Bøhler G, Mathisen Ø, et al.Hepatic resection for colorectal metastases:can preoperative scoring predict patient outcome?[J].World J Surg, 2002, 26(11):1348-1353.
29.	Chen YY, Perera DS, Yan TD, et al.Applying Fong's CRS liver score in patients with colorectal liver metastases treated by cryotherapy[J].Asian J Surg, 2006, 29(4):238-241.
30.	Rees M, Tekkis PP, Welsh FK, et al.Evaluation of long-term survival after hepatic resection for metastatic colorectal cancer:a multifactorial model of 929 patients[J].Ann Surg, 2008, 247(1):125-135.
31.	Cai GX, Cai SJ.Multi-modality treatment of colorectal liver metastases[J].World J Gastroenterol, 2012, 18(1):16-24.
32.	Ismaili N.Treatment of colorectal liver metastases[J].World J Surg Oncol, 2011, 9:154.
33.	窦贵祥, 李文彬.结肠癌手术结合术前化疗疗效分析[J].中国现代医生, 2011, 49(7):114-115.
34.	Joo YE, Sohn YH, Joo SY, et al.The role of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and p53 status for angiogenesis in gastric cancer[J].Korean J Intern Med, 2002, 17(4):211-219.
35.	Matsuura T, Fukuda Y, Fujitaka T, et al.Preoperative treatment with tegafur suppositories enhances apoptosis and reduces the intratumoral microvessel density of human colorectal carcinoma[J].Cancer, 2000, 88(5):1007-1015.
36.	Pozzo C, Basso M, Cassano A, et al.Neoadjuvant treatment of unresectable liver disease with irinotecan and 5-fluorouracil plus folinic acid in colorectal cancer patients[J].Ann Oncol, 2004, 15(6):933-939.
37.	Rougier P, Van Cutsem E, Bajetta E, et al.Randomised trial of irinotecan versus fluorouracil by continuous infusion after fluorouracil failure in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer[J].Lancet, 1998, 352(9138):1407-1412.
38.	Adam R, Delvart V, Pascal G, et al.Rescue surgery for unresectable colorectal liver metastases downstaged by chemotherapy:a model to predict long-term survival[J].Ann Surg, 2004, 240(4):644-658.
39.	Alberts SR, Horvath WL, Sternfeld WC, et al.Oxaliplatin, fluorouracil, and leucovorin for patients with unresectable liver-only metastases from colorectal cancer:a North Central Cancer Treatment Group phaseⅡstudy[J].J Clin Oncol, 2005, 23(36):9243-9249.
40.	Masi G, Loupakis F, Pollina L, et al.Long-term outcome of initially unresectable metastatic colorectal cancer patients treated with 5-fluorouracil/leucovorin, oxaliplatin, and irinotecan (FOLFOXIRI) followed by radical surgery of metastases[J].Ann Surg, 2009, 249(3):420-425.
41.	Vauthey JN, Pawlik TM, Ribero D, et al.Chemotherapy regimen predicts steatohepatitis and an increase in 90-day mortality after surgery for hepatic colorectal metastases[J].J Clin Oncol, 2006, 24(13):2065-2072.
42.	Nordlinger B, Sorbye H, Glimelius B, et al.Perioperative chemotherapy with FOLFOX4 and surgery versus surgery alone for resectable liver metastases from colorectal cancer (EORTC Intergroup trial 40983):a randomised controlled trial[J].Lancet, 2008, 371(9617):1007-1016.
43.	Saltz LB, Clarke S, Díaz-Rubio E, et al.Bevacizumab in combination with oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy as first-line therapy in metastatic colorectal cancer:a randomized phaseⅢstudy[J].J Clin Oncol, 2008, 26(12):2013-2019.
44.	Van Cutsem E, Köhne CH, Hitre E, et al.Cetuximab and chemotherapy as initial treatment for metastatic colorectal cancer[J].N Engl J Med, 2009, 360(14):1408-1417.
45.	Folprecht G, Gruenberger T, Bechstein W, et al.Survival of patients with initially unresectable colorectal liver metastases treated with FOLFOX/cetuximab or FOLFIRI/cetuximab in a multidisciplinary concept (CELIM study)[J].Ann Oncol, 2014, 25(5):1018-1025.
46.	Ribero D, Wang H, Donadon M, et al.Bevacizumab improves pathologic response and protects against hepatic injury in patients treated with oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy for colorectal liver metastases[J].Cancer, 2007, 110(12):2761-2767.
47.	Hecht JR, Mitchell E, Chidiac T, et al.A randomized phaseⅢB trial of chemotherapy, bevacizumab, and panitumumab compared with chemotherapy and bevacizumab alone for metastatic colorectal cancer[J].J Clin Oncol, 2009, 27(5):672-680.
48.	Tol J, Koopman M, Cats A, et al.Chemotherapy, bevacizumab, and cetuximab in metastatic colorectal cancer[J].N Engl J Med, 2009, 360(6):563-572.
49.	Wang CC, Li J.An update on chemotherapy of colorectal liver metastases[J].World J Gastroenterol, 2012, 18(1):25-33.
50.	Oldhafer KJ, Stavrou GA, Prause G, et al.How to operate a liver tumor you cannot see[J].Langenbecks Arch Surg, 2009, 394(3):489-494.
51.	Gadaleta CD, Ranieri G.Trans-arterial chemoembolization as a therapy for liver tumours:New clinical developments and suggestions for combination with angiogenesis inhibitors[J].Crit Rev Oncol Hematol, 2011, 80(1):40-53.
52.	Martin RC, Robbins K, Tomalty D, et al.Transarterial chemoembolisation (TACE) using irinotecan-loaded beads for the treatment of unresectable metastases to the liver in patients with colorectal cancer:an interim report[J].World J Surg Oncol, 2009, 7(1):80-85.
53.	饶智国, 高建飞, 章必成, 等.全身化疗联合肝动脉栓塞化疗治疗乳腺癌术后肝转移的临床疗效观察[J].现代肿瘤医学, 2013, 21(9):1994-1996.
54.	Ackerman NB.The blood supply of experimental liver metastases.Ⅳ.Changes in vascularity with increasing tumor growth[J].Surgery, 1974, 75(4):589-596.
55.	Power DG, Kemeny NE.The role of floxuridine in metastatic liver disease[J].Mol Cancer Ther, 2009, 8(5):1015-1025.
56.	Coimbra FJ, Pires TC, Costa Junior WL, et al.Advances in surgical treatment of colorectal liver metastases[J].Rev Assoc Med Bras, 2011, 57(2):220-227.
57.	Makuuchi M, Thai BL, Takayasu K, et al.Preoperative portal embolization to increase safety of major hepatectomy for hilar bile duct carcinoma:a preliminary report[J].Surgery, 1990, 107(5):521-527.
58.	Ribero D, Abdalla EK, Madoff DC, et al.Portal vein embolization before major hepatectomy and its effects on regeneration, resectability and outcome[J].Br J Surg, 2007, 94(11):1386-1394.
59.	Kokudo N, Tada K, Seki M, et al.Proliferative activity of intrahepatic colorectal metastases after preoperative hemihepatic portal vein embolization[J].Hepatology, 2001, 34(2):267-272.
60.	Azoulay D, Castaing D, Smail A, et al.Resection of nonresectable liver metastases from colorectal cancer after percutaneous portal vein embolization[J].Ann Surg, 2000, 231(4):480-486.
61.	Farges O, Belghiti J, Kianmanesh R, et al.Portal vein embolization before right hepatectomy:prospective clinical trial[J].Ann Surg, 2003, 237(2):208-217.
62.	Schnitzbauer AA, Lang SA, Goessmann H, et al.Right portal vein ligation combined with in situ splitting induces rapid left lateral liver lobe hypertrophy enabling 2-staged extended right hepatic resection in small-for-size settings[J].Ann Surg, 2012, 255(3):405-414.
63.	de Santibañes E, Alvarez FA, Ardiles V.How to avoid postoperative liver failure:a novel method[J].World J Surg, 2012, 36(1):125-128.
64.	Chen MS, Li JQ, Zheng Y, et al.A prospective randomized trial comparing percutaneous local ablative therapy and partial hepatectomy for small hepatocellular carcinoma[J].Ann Surg, 2006, 243(3):321-328.
65.	Rivoire M, De Cian F, Meeus P, et al.Combination of neoadjuvant chemotherapy with cryotherapy and surgical resection for the treatment of unresectable liver metastases from colorectal carcinomalong-term results[J].Cancer, 2002, 95(11):2283-2292.
66.	Pawlik TM, Izzo F, Cohen DS, et al.Combined resection and radiofrequency ablation for advanced hepatic malignancies:results in 172 patients[J].Ann Surg Oncol, 2003, 10(9):1059-1069.
67.	Abdalla EK, Vauthey JN, Ellis LM, et al.Recurrence and outcomes following hepatic resection, radiofrequency ablation, and combined resection/ablation for colorectal liver metastases[J].Ann Surg, 2004, 239(6):818-827.
68.	Dodd GD 3rd, Frank MS, Aribandi M, et al.Radiofrequency thermal ablation:computer analysis of the size of the thermal injury created by overlapping ablations[J].AJR Am J Roentgenol, 2001, 177(4):777-782.
69.	Adam R, Laurent A, Azoulay D, et al.Two-stage hepatectomy:A planned strategy to treat irresectable liver tumors[J].Ann Surg, 2000, 232(6):777-785.
70.	Jaeck D, Oussoultzoglou E, Rosso E, et al.A two-stage hepatectomy procedure combined with portal vein embolization to achieve curative resection for initially unresectable multiple and bilobar colorectal liver metastases[J].Ann Surg, 2004, 240(6):1037-1051.
71.	Elias D, de Baere T, Roche A, et al.During liver regeneration following right portal embolization the growth rate of liver metastases is more rapid than that of the liver parenchyma[J].Br J Surg, 1999, 86(6):784-788.
72.	Rougier P, Van CutsemE, Bajetta E, et al.Randomised trial of irinotecan versus fluorouracil by continuous infusion after fluorouracil failure in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer[J].Lancet, 1998, 352(9138):1407-1412.

1. Jemal A, Bray F, Center MM, et al.Global cancer statistics[J].CA Cancer J Clin, 2011, 61(2):69-90.
2. Mayo SC, Pawlik TM.Current management of colorectal hepatic metastasis[J].Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol, 2009, 3(2):131-144.
3. Kemeny N, Fata F.Arterial, portal, or systemic chemotherapy for patients with hepatic metastasis of colorectal carcinoma[J].J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Surg, 1999, 6(1):39-49.
4. Jemal A, Siegel R, Ward E, et al.Cancer statistics, 2007[J].CA Cancer J Clin, 2007, 57(1):43-66.
5. Viganò L, Russolillo N, Ferrero A, et al.Evolution of long-term outcome of liver resection for colorectal metastases:analysis of actual 5-year survival rates over two decades[J].Ann Surg Oncol, 2012, 19(6):2035-2044.
6. 倪俊声, 周伟平.结直肠癌肝转移外科治疗策略[J].肝胆外科杂志, 2011, 19(1):67-69.
7. Adson MA, Van Heerden JA.Major hepatic resections for metastatic colorectal cancer[J].Ann Surg, 1980, 191(5):576-583.
8. Fong Y, Fortner J, Sun RL, et al.Clinical score for predicting recurrence after hepatic resection for metastatic colorectal cancer:analysis of 1001 consecutive cases[J].Ann Surg, 1999, 230(3):309-321.
9. Choti MA, Sitzmann JV, Tiburi MF, et al.Trends in long-term survival following liver resection for hepatic colorectal metastases[J].Ann Surg, 2002, 235(6):759-766.
10. Wagner JS, Adson MA, Van Heerden JA, et al.The natural history of hepatic metastases from colorectal cancer.A comparison with resective treatment[J].Ann Surg, 1984, 199(5):502-508.
11. Misiakos EP, Karidis NP, Kouraklis G.Current treatment for colorectal liver metastases[J].World J Gastroenterol, 2011, 17(36):4067-4075.
12. Steele G Jr, Ravikumar TS.Resection of hepatic metastases from colorectal cancer.Biologic perspective[J].Ann Surg, 1989, 210(2):127-138.
13. Gustavsson B.Simultaneous surgery for primary colorectal cancer and metastatic lesions?[J].Scand J Gastroenterol, 2012, 47(3):269-276.
14. Chua TC, Morris DL.Therapeutic potential of surgery for metastatic colorectal cancer[J].Scand J Gastroenterol, 2012, 47(3):258-268.
15. Lupinacci RM, Coelho FF, Perini MV, et al.Current management of liver metastases from colorectal cancer:recommendations of the São Paulo Liver Club[J].Rev Col Bras Cir, 2013, 40(3):251-260.
16. Arru M, Aldrighetti L, Castoldi R, et al.Analysis of prognostic factors influencing long-term survival after hepatic resection for metastatic colorectal cancer[J].World J Surg, 2008, 32(1):93-103.
17. Konopke R, Roth J, Volk A, et al.Colorectal liver metastases:an update on palliative treatment options[J].J Gastrointestin Liver Dis, 2012, 21(1):83-91.
18. Tsang WY, Lin BS, Ziogas A, at al.Role of primary tumor resection among chemotherapy-treated patients with synchronous stageⅣcolorectal cancer:a survival analysis[J].J Gastrointest Surg, 2014, 18(3):592-598.
19. Charnsangavej C, Clary B, Fong Y, et al.Selection of patients for resection of hepatic colorectal metastases:expert consensus statement[J].Ann Surg Oncol, 2006, 13(10):1261-1268.
20. Adam R, De Gramont A, Figueras J, et al.The oncosurgery approach to managing liver metastases from colorectal cancer:a multidisciplinary international consensus[J].Oncologist, 2012, 17(10):1225-1239.
21. Figueras J, Burdio F, Ramos E, et al.Effect of subcentimeter nonpositive resection margin on hepatic recurrence in patients undergoing hepatectomy for colorectal liver metastases.Evidences from 663 liver resections[J].Ann Oncol, 2007, 18(7):1190-1195.
22. Takahashi S, Nagai K, Saito N, et al.Multiple resections for hepatic and pulmonary metastases of colorectal carcinoma[J].Jpn J Clin Oncol, 2007, 37(3):186-192.
23. Jaeck D, Pessaux P.Bilobar colorectal liver metastases:treatment options[J].Surg Oncol Clin N Am, 2008, 17(3):553-568, ix.
24. Pawlik TM, Abdalla EK, Ellis LM, et al.Debunking dogma:surgery for four or more colorectal liver metastases is justified[J].J Gastrointest Surg, 2006, 10(2):240-248.
25. 许剑民, 钟芸诗, 秦新裕.同时性结直肠癌肝转移的外科治疗进展[J/CD].中华普外科手术学杂志:电子版, 2010, 4(1):10-15.
26. Pawlik TM, Schulick RD, Choti MA.Expanding criteria for resectability of colorectal liver metastases[J].Oncologist, 2008, 13(1):51-64.
27. 中华医学会外科学分会胃肠外科学组, 中华医学会外科学分会结直肠肛门外科学组, 中国抗癌协会大肠癌专业委员会.结直肠癌肝转移诊断和综合治疗指南(V2013)[J].中国实用外科杂志, 2013, 33(8):635-644.
28. Mala T, Bøhler G, Mathisen Ø, et al.Hepatic resection for colorectal metastases:can preoperative scoring predict patient outcome?[J].World J Surg, 2002, 26(11):1348-1353.
29. Chen YY, Perera DS, Yan TD, et al.Applying Fong's CRS liver score in patients with colorectal liver metastases treated by cryotherapy[J].Asian J Surg, 2006, 29(4):238-241.
30. Rees M, Tekkis PP, Welsh FK, et al.Evaluation of long-term survival after hepatic resection for metastatic colorectal cancer:a multifactorial model of 929 patients[J].Ann Surg, 2008, 247(1):125-135.
31. Cai GX, Cai SJ.Multi-modality treatment of colorectal liver metastases[J].World J Gastroenterol, 2012, 18(1):16-24.
32. Ismaili N.Treatment of colorectal liver metastases[J].World J Surg Oncol, 2011, 9:154.
33. 窦贵祥, 李文彬.结肠癌手术结合术前化疗疗效分析[J].中国现代医生, 2011, 49(7):114-115.
34. Joo YE, Sohn YH, Joo SY, et al.The role of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and p53 status for angiogenesis in gastric cancer[J].Korean J Intern Med, 2002, 17(4):211-219.
35. Matsuura T, Fukuda Y, Fujitaka T, et al.Preoperative treatment with tegafur suppositories enhances apoptosis and reduces the intratumoral microvessel density of human colorectal carcinoma[J].Cancer, 2000, 88(5):1007-1015.
36. Pozzo C, Basso M, Cassano A, et al.Neoadjuvant treatment of unresectable liver disease with irinotecan and 5-fluorouracil plus folinic acid in colorectal cancer patients[J].Ann Oncol, 2004, 15(6):933-939.
37. Rougier P, Van Cutsem E, Bajetta E, et al.Randomised trial of irinotecan versus fluorouracil by continuous infusion after fluorouracil failure in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer[J].Lancet, 1998, 352(9138):1407-1412.
38. Adam R, Delvart V, Pascal G, et al.Rescue surgery for unresectable colorectal liver metastases downstaged by chemotherapy:a model to predict long-term survival[J].Ann Surg, 2004, 240(4):644-658.
39. Alberts SR, Horvath WL, Sternfeld WC, et al.Oxaliplatin, fluorouracil, and leucovorin for patients with unresectable liver-only metastases from colorectal cancer:a North Central Cancer Treatment Group phaseⅡstudy[J].J Clin Oncol, 2005, 23(36):9243-9249.
40. Masi G, Loupakis F, Pollina L, et al.Long-term outcome of initially unresectable metastatic colorectal cancer patients treated with 5-fluorouracil/leucovorin, oxaliplatin, and irinotecan (FOLFOXIRI) followed by radical surgery of metastases[J].Ann Surg, 2009, 249(3):420-425.
41. Vauthey JN, Pawlik TM, Ribero D, et al.Chemotherapy regimen predicts steatohepatitis and an increase in 90-day mortality after surgery for hepatic colorectal metastases[J].J Clin Oncol, 2006, 24(13):2065-2072.
42. Nordlinger B, Sorbye H, Glimelius B, et al.Perioperative chemotherapy with FOLFOX4 and surgery versus surgery alone for resectable liver metastases from colorectal cancer (EORTC Intergroup trial 40983):a randomised controlled trial[J].Lancet, 2008, 371(9617):1007-1016.
43. Saltz LB, Clarke S, Díaz-Rubio E, et al.Bevacizumab in combination with oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy as first-line therapy in metastatic colorectal cancer:a randomized phaseⅢstudy[J].J Clin Oncol, 2008, 26(12):2013-2019.
44. Van Cutsem E, Köhne CH, Hitre E, et al.Cetuximab and chemotherapy as initial treatment for metastatic colorectal cancer[J].N Engl J Med, 2009, 360(14):1408-1417.
45. Folprecht G, Gruenberger T, Bechstein W, et al.Survival of patients with initially unresectable colorectal liver metastases treated with FOLFOX/cetuximab or FOLFIRI/cetuximab in a multidisciplinary concept (CELIM study)[J].Ann Oncol, 2014, 25(5):1018-1025.
46. Ribero D, Wang H, Donadon M, et al.Bevacizumab improves pathologic response and protects against hepatic injury in patients treated with oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy for colorectal liver metastases[J].Cancer, 2007, 110(12):2761-2767.
47. Hecht JR, Mitchell E, Chidiac T, et al.A randomized phaseⅢB trial of chemotherapy, bevacizumab, and panitumumab compared with chemotherapy and bevacizumab alone for metastatic colorectal cancer[J].J Clin Oncol, 2009, 27(5):672-680.
48. Tol J, Koopman M, Cats A, et al.Chemotherapy, bevacizumab, and cetuximab in metastatic colorectal cancer[J].N Engl J Med, 2009, 360(6):563-572.
49. Wang CC, Li J.An update on chemotherapy of colorectal liver metastases[J].World J Gastroenterol, 2012, 18(1):25-33.
50. Oldhafer KJ, Stavrou GA, Prause G, et al.How to operate a liver tumor you cannot see[J].Langenbecks Arch Surg, 2009, 394(3):489-494.
51. Gadaleta CD, Ranieri G.Trans-arterial chemoembolization as a therapy for liver tumours:New clinical developments and suggestions for combination with angiogenesis inhibitors[J].Crit Rev Oncol Hematol, 2011, 80(1):40-53.
52. Martin RC, Robbins K, Tomalty D, et al.Transarterial chemoembolisation (TACE) using irinotecan-loaded beads for the treatment of unresectable metastases to the liver in patients with colorectal cancer:an interim report[J].World J Surg Oncol, 2009, 7(1):80-85.
53. 饶智国, 高建飞, 章必成, 等.全身化疗联合肝动脉栓塞化疗治疗乳腺癌术后肝转移的临床疗效观察[J].现代肿瘤医学, 2013, 21(9):1994-1996.
54. Ackerman NB.The blood supply of experimental liver metastases.Ⅳ.Changes in vascularity with increasing tumor growth[J].Surgery, 1974, 75(4):589-596.
55. Power DG, Kemeny NE.The role of floxuridine in metastatic liver disease[J].Mol Cancer Ther, 2009, 8(5):1015-1025.
56. Coimbra FJ, Pires TC, Costa Junior WL, et al.Advances in surgical treatment of colorectal liver metastases[J].Rev Assoc Med Bras, 2011, 57(2):220-227.
57. Makuuchi M, Thai BL, Takayasu K, et al.Preoperative portal embolization to increase safety of major hepatectomy for hilar bile duct carcinoma:a preliminary report[J].Surgery, 1990, 107(5):521-527.
58. Ribero D, Abdalla EK, Madoff DC, et al.Portal vein embolization before major hepatectomy and its effects on regeneration, resectability and outcome[J].Br J Surg, 2007, 94(11):1386-1394.
59. Kokudo N, Tada K, Seki M, et al.Proliferative activity of intrahepatic colorectal metastases after preoperative hemihepatic portal vein embolization[J].Hepatology, 2001, 34(2):267-272.
60. Azoulay D, Castaing D, Smail A, et al.Resection of nonresectable liver metastases from colorectal cancer after percutaneous portal vein embolization[J].Ann Surg, 2000, 231(4):480-486.
61. Farges O, Belghiti J, Kianmanesh R, et al.Portal vein embolization before right hepatectomy:prospective clinical trial[J].Ann Surg, 2003, 237(2):208-217.
62. Schnitzbauer AA, Lang SA, Goessmann H, et al.Right portal vein ligation combined with in situ splitting induces rapid left lateral liver lobe hypertrophy enabling 2-staged extended right hepatic resection in small-for-size settings[J].Ann Surg, 2012, 255(3):405-414.
63. de Santibañes E, Alvarez FA, Ardiles V.How to avoid postoperative liver failure:a novel method[J].World J Surg, 2012, 36(1):125-128.
64. Chen MS, Li JQ, Zheng Y, et al.A prospective randomized trial comparing percutaneous local ablative therapy and partial hepatectomy for small hepatocellular carcinoma[J].Ann Surg, 2006, 243(3):321-328.
65. Rivoire M, De Cian F, Meeus P, et al.Combination of neoadjuvant chemotherapy with cryotherapy and surgical resection for the treatment of unresectable liver metastases from colorectal carcinomalong-term results[J].Cancer, 2002, 95(11):2283-2292.
66. Pawlik TM, Izzo F, Cohen DS, et al.Combined resection and radiofrequency ablation for advanced hepatic malignancies:results in 172 patients[J].Ann Surg Oncol, 2003, 10(9):1059-1069.
67. Abdalla EK, Vauthey JN, Ellis LM, et al.Recurrence and outcomes following hepatic resection, radiofrequency ablation, and combined resection/ablation for colorectal liver metastases[J].Ann Surg, 2004, 239(6):818-827.
68. Dodd GD 3rd, Frank MS, Aribandi M, et al.Radiofrequency thermal ablation:computer analysis of the size of the thermal injury created by overlapping ablations[J].AJR Am J Roentgenol, 2001, 177(4):777-782.
69. Adam R, Laurent A, Azoulay D, et al.Two-stage hepatectomy:A planned strategy to treat irresectable liver tumors[J].Ann Surg, 2000, 232(6):777-785.
70. Jaeck D, Oussoultzoglou E, Rosso E, et al.A two-stage hepatectomy procedure combined with portal vein embolization to achieve curative resection for initially unresectable multiple and bilobar colorectal liver metastases[J].Ann Surg, 2004, 240(6):1037-1051.
71. Elias D, de Baere T, Roche A, et al.During liver regeneration following right portal embolization the growth rate of liver metastases is more rapid than that of the liver parenchyma[J].Br J Surg, 1999, 86(6):784-788.
72. Rougier P, Van CutsemE, Bajetta E, et al.Randomised trial of irinotecan versus fluorouracil by continuous infusion after fluorouracil failure in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer[J].Lancet, 1998, 352(9138):1407-1412.

CHINESE JOURNAL OF BASES AND CLINICS IN GENERAL SURGERY

New Progress of Conversion Therapies on Increasing Surgical Resection Rate of Patients with Liver Metastasis from Colorectal Carcinoma

Abstract Full text Figures/Tables Video References Cited by

Previous Article

Next Article

Format

Content