Reconsideration of Posthepatectomy Liver Failure_CHINESE JOURNAL OF BASES AND CLINICS IN GENERAL SURGERY

Authors：

 PENGWei , LIChuan ,  WENTian-fu

Department of Liver Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China;

Corresponding author：

WENTian-fu, Email: ccwentianfu@163.com

Keywords：

Posthepatectomy liver failure; Hepatectomy; Hepatocellular carcinoma

DOI：

10.7507/1007-9424.20160386

Video：

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Objective To summarize the definitions, risk factors, and preoperative evaluation methods of posthe-patectomy liver failure. Methods Domestic and international publications involving posthepatectomy liver failure were retrieved and reviewed. Results There was no uniform definition of posthepatectomy liver failure, however, the most approbatory definitions were "50-50 criteria" and "International Study Group of Liver Surgery (ISGLS) criteria". Risk factors of posthepatectomy liver failure included patient-related factors, liver-related factors, and surgery-related factors, and preoperative evaluation was mainly based on liver function and liver volume. Conclusion Posthepatectomy liver failure is the main cause of postoperative death, sufficient preoperative evaluation and effective measures to decrease intraoperative blood loss and shorten surgery duration are helpful to prevent and (or) reduce posthepatectomy liver failure.

Citation： PENGWei, LIChuan, WENTian-fu. Reconsideration of Posthepatectomy Liver Failure. CHINESE JOURNAL OF BASES AND CLINICS IN GENERAL SURGERY, 2016, 23(12): 1530-1537. doi: 10.7507/1007-9424.20160386 Copy

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1. Jaeck D, Bachellier P, Oussoultzoglou E, et al. Surgical resection of hepatocellular carcinoma. Post-operative outcome and long-term results in Europe:an overview. Liver Transpl, 2004, 10(2 Suppl 1):S58-S63.
2. Simmonds C, Primrose JN, Colquitt JL, et al. Surgical resection of hepatic metastases from colorectal cancer:a systematic review of published studies. Br J Cancer, 2006, 94(7):982-999.
3. Charny CK, Jarnagin WR, Schwartz LH, et al. Management of 155 patients with benign liver tumours. Br J Surg, 2001, 88(6):808-813.
4. Poon RT, Fan ST, Lo CM, et al. Improving perioperative outcome expands the role of hepatectomy in management of benign and malignant hepatobiliary diseases:analysis of 1222 consecutive patients from a prospective database. Ann Surg, 2004, 240(4):698-710.
5. Jarnagin WR, Gonen M, Fong Y, et al. Improvement in perioperative outcome after hepatic resection:analysis of 1803 consecutive cases over the past decade. Ann Surg, 2002, 236(4):397-407.
6. Rahbari NN, Garden OJ, Padbury R, et al. Posthepatectomy liver failure:a definition and grading by the International Study Group of Liver Surgery (ISGLS). Surgery, 2011, 149(5):713-724.
7. Eguchi H, Umeshita K, Sakon M, et al. Presence of active hepatitis associated with liver cirrhosis is a risk factor for mortality caused by posthepatectomy liver failure. Dig Dis Sci, 2000, 45(7):1383-1388.
8. Balzan S, Belghiti J, Farges O, et al. The "50-50 criteria" on postoperative day 5:an accurate predictor of liver failure and death after hepatectomy. Ann Surg, 2005, 242(6):824-829.
9. Skrzypczyk C, Truant S, Duhamel A, et al. Relevance of the ISGLS definition of posthepatectomy liver failure in early prediction of poor outcome after liver resection:study on 680 hepatectomies. Ann Surg, 2014, 260(5):865-870.
10. Paugam-Burtz C, Janny S, Delefosse D, et al. Prospective validation of the "fifty-fifty" criteria as an early and accurate predictor of death after liver resection in intensive care unit patients. Ann Surg, 2009, 249(1):124-128.
11. Mullen JT, Ribero D, Reddy SK, et al. Hepatic insufficiency and mortality in 1059 noncirrhotic patients undergoing major hepatectomy. J Am Coll Surg, 2007, 204(5):854-864.
12. Hyder O, Pulitano C, Firoozmand A, et al. A risk model to predict 90-day mortality among patients undergoing hepatic resection. J Am Coll Surg, 2013, 216(6):1049-1056.
13. Kishi Y, Abdalla EK, Chun YS, et al. Three hundred and one consecutive extended right hepatectomies:evaluation of outcome based on systematic liver volumetry. Ann Surg, 2009, 250(4):540-548.
14. Zorzi D, Chun YS, Madoff DC, et al. Chemotherapy with bevacizu-mab does not affect liver regeneration after portal vein embolization in the treatment of colorectal liver metastases. Ann Surg Oncol, 2008, 15(10):2765-2772.
15. Reissfelder C, Rahbari NN, Koch M, et al. Postoperative course and clinical significance of biochemical blood tests following hepatic resection. Br J Surg, 2011, 98(6):836-844.
16. Rahbari NN, Reissfelder C, Koch M, et al. The predictive value of postoperative clinical risk scores for outcome after hepatic resection:a validation analysis in 807 patients. Ann Surg Oncol, 2011, 18(13):3640-3649.
17. Spolverato G, Ejaz A, Kim Y, et al. Patterns of care among patients undergoing hepatic resection:a query of the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program-targeted hepatectomy database. J Surg Res, 2015, 196(2):221-228.
18. Narita M, Oussoultzoglou E, Bachellier P, et al. Post-hepatectomy liver failure in patients with colorectal liver metastases. Surg Today, 2015, 45(10):1218-1226.
19. Dong J, Zhang XF, Zhu Y, et al. The value of the combination of fibrosis index based on the four factors and future liver remnant volume ratios as a predictor on posthepatectomy outcomes. J Gastrointest Surg, 2015, 19(4):682-691.
20. Schadde E, Raptis DA, Schnitzbauer AA, et al. Prediction of mortality after ALPPS stage-1:an analysis of 320 patients from the international ALPPS registry. Ann Surg, 2015, 262(5):780-786.
21. Ren Z, Xu Y, Zhu S. Indocyanine green retention test avoiding liver failure after hepatectomy for hepatolithiasis. Hepatogastroenterology, 2012, 59(115):782-784.
22. Aldrighetti L, Arru M, Caterini R, et al. Impact of advanced age on the outcome of liver resection. World J Surg, 2003, 27(10):1149-1154.
23. Kim JM, Cho BI, Kwon CH, et al. Hepatectomy is a reasonable option for older patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Am J Surg, 2015, 209(2):391-397.
24. Fernandes AI, Tralhão JG, Abrantes A, et al. Functional hepatoce-llular regeneration in elderly patients undergoing hepatectomy. Liver Int, 2015, 35(4):1116-1123.
25. Iakova P, Awad SS, Timchenko NA. Aging reduces proliferative capacities of liver by switching pathways of C/EBPalpha growth arrest. Cell, 2003, 113(4):495-506.
26. Russolillo N, Ratti F, Viganò L, et al. The influence of aging on hepatic regeneration and early outcome after portal vein occlusion:a case-control study. Ann Surg Oncol, 2015, 22(12):4046-4051.
27. Dixon E, Schneeweiss S, Pasieka JL, et al. Mortality following liver resection in US medicare patients:does the presence of a liver transplant program affect outcome? J Surg Oncol, 2007, 95(3):194-200.
28. Hsieh YC, Frink M, Choudhry MA, et al. Metabolic modulators following trauma sepsis:sex hormones. Crit Care Med, 2007, 35(9 Suppl):S621-S629.
29. Bachellier P, Rosso E, Pessaux P, et al. Risk factors for liver failure and mortality after hepatectomy associated with portal vein resection. Ann Surg, 2011, 253(1):173-179.
30. Shirabe K, Shimada M, Gion T, et al. Postoperative liver failure after major hepatic resection for hepatocellular carcinoma in the modern era with special reference to remnant liver volume. J Am Coll Surg, 1999, 188(3):304-309.
31. Huo TI, Lui WY, Huang YH, et al. Diabetes mellitus is a risk factor for hepatic decompensation in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma undergoing resection:a longitudinal study. Am J Gastroenterol, 2003, 98(10):2293-2298.
32. Kenjo A, Miyata H, Gotoh M, et al. Risk stratification of 7732 hepatectomy cases in 2011 from the National Clinical Database for Japan. J Am Coll Surg, 2014, 218(3):412-422.
33. Schindl MJ, Redhead DN, Fearon KC, et al. The value of residual liver volume as a predictor of hepatic dysfunction and infection after major liver resection. Gut, 2005, 54(2):289-296.
34. Fan ST, Lo CM, Lai EC, et al. Perioperative nutritional support in patients undergoing hepatectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma. N Engl J Med, 1994, 331(23):1547-1552.
35. Behrns KE, Tsiotos GG, Desouza NF, et al. Hepatic steatosis as a potential risk factor for major hepatic resection. J Gastrointest Surg, 1999, 2(3):292-298.
36. de Meijer VE, Kalish BT, Puder M, et al. Systematic review and meta-analysis of steatosis as a risk factor in major hepatic resection. Br J Surg, 2010, 97(9):1331-1339.
37. Capussotti L, Muratore A, Amisano M, et al. Liver resection for hepatocellular carcinoma on cirrhosis:analysis of mortality, morbidity and survival-a European single center experience. Eur J Surg Oncol, 2005, 31(9):986-993.
38. Poon RT, Fan ST. Hepatectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma:patient selection and postoperative outcome. Liver Transpl, 2004, 10(2 Suppl 1):S39-S45.
39. Fukushima K, Fukumoto T, Kuramitsu K, et al. Assessment of ISGLS definition of posthepatectomy liver failure and its effect on outcome in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. J Gastrointest Surg, 2014, 18(4):729-736.
40. Huang G, Lau WY, Shen F, et al. Preoperative hepatitis B virus DNA level is a risk factor for postoperative liver failure in patients who underwent partial hepatectomy for hepatitis B-related hepatocellular carcinoma. World J Surg, 2014, 38(9):2370-2376.
41. Ribeiro HS, Costa WL Jr, Diniz AL, et al. Extended preoperative chemotherapy, extent of liver resection and blood transfusion are predictive factors of liver failure following resection of colorectal liver metastasis. Eur J Surg Oncol, 2013, 39(4):380-385.
42. Robinson SM, Wilson CH, Burt AD, et al. Chemotherapy-associated liver injury in patients with colorectal liver metastases:a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Surg Oncol, 2012, 19(13):4287-4299.
43. Emond JC, Renz JF, Ferrell LD, et al. Functional analysis of grafts from living donors. Implications for the treatment of older recipients. Ann Surg, 1996, 224(4):544-552.
44. Beppu T, Ishiko T, Chikamoto A, et al. Liver hanging maneuver decreases blood loss and operative time in a right-side hepatectomy. Hepatogastroenterology, 2012, 59(114):542-545.
45. Okabe H, Beppu T, Chikamoto A, et al. Remnant liver volume-based predictors of postoperative liver dysfunction after hepatectomy:analysis of 625 consecutive patients from a single institution. Int J Clin Oncol, 2014, 19(4):614-621.
46. Kuramitsu K, Fukumoto T, Kobayashi T, et al. The incidence of posthepatectomy liver failure defined by the international study group of liver surgery among living donors. J Gastrointest Surg, 2016, 20(4):757-764.
47. Chen JS, Huang JQ, Chen XL, et al. Risk factors associated with intraoperative major blood loss during resection of hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatogastroenterology, 2015, 62(140):790-793.
48. Tanaka S, Iimuro Y, Hirano T, et al. Prediction of postoperative hepatic failure after liver resection for hepatocellular carcinoma:significance of the aspartate aminotransferase-to-platelet ratio index. Hepatogastroenterology, 2014, 61(131):755-761.
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