The current situation and progression of the correlation between obesity and gastric cancer_CHINESE JOURNAL OF BASES AND CLINICS IN GENERAL SURGERY

Authors：

GUO Xiongwen ¹ ,  LI Shufeng ²

1. The First Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, P.R.China;
2. Department of General Surgery, Jincheng General Hospital, Jincheng, Shanxi 048006, P.R.China;

Corresponding author：

LI Shufeng, Email: 2545221615@qq.com

Keywords：

gastric cancer; obesity; BMI; risk factor; surgery outcomes

DOI：

10.7507/1007-9424.201610069

Video：

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Objective To review recent advancement of the relationship between obesity and gastric cancer. Method We searched PubMed, Medline, EMBASE, Cochrane Library databases, CNKI, and WanFang database for recent clinical trials about the impact of obesity on occurrence, surgery outcomes, and prognosis of gastric cancer. Results Obesity significantly increased the risk of adenocarcinoma of esophagogastric junction (AEG), increased difficulty in radical operation of gastric cancer and complications of perioperative period, but it had no effect on the long-term operative outcomes. The association between obesity and the survival of gastric cancer was not clear. However, the better survival was observed in most researches of gastric cancer patients with excess body weight. Conclusions The relationship between obesity and gastric cancer is very complex, and there is no consistent conclusion. A reasonable body weight by a healthy lifestyle is expected to decline the incidence of AEG.

Citation： GUO Xiongwen, LI Shufeng. The current situation and progression of the correlation between obesity and gastric cancer. CHINESE JOURNAL OF BASES AND CLINICS IN GENERAL SURGERY, 2017, 24(6): 779-783. doi: 10.7507/1007-9424.201610069 Copy

1.	WHO. Obesity and overweight. Fact sheet N311 Updated. 2015-06. http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs311/en/.
2.	Kulig J, Sierzega M, Kolodziejczyk P, et al. Implications of overweight in gastric cancer: a multicenter study in a Western patient population. Eur J Surg Oncol, 2010, 36(10): 969-976.
3.	Wu XS, Wu WG, Li ML, et al. Impact of being overweight on the surgical outcomes of patients with gastric cancer: a meta-analysis. World J Gastroenterol, 2013, 19(28): 4596-4606.
4.	李博斐. 低体重指数是胃癌患者的不良预后因素——基于 2 029 例中国单中心大样本的研究. 临床与病理杂志, 2015, (z1): 32-33.
5.	Lee HH, Park JM, Song KY, et al. Survival impact of postoperative body mass index in gastric cancer patients undergoing gastrectomy. Eur J Cancer, 2016, 52(1): 129-137.
6.	Li L, Ying XJ, Sun TT, et al. Overview of methodological quality of systematic reviews about gastric cancer risk and protective factors. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 2012, 13(5): 2069-2079.
7.	Lee AV, Yee D. Targeting IGF-1R: at a crossroad. Oncology (Williston Park), 2011, 25(6): 535-536, 551.
8.	Leroith D, Scheinman EJ, Bitton-Worms K. The role of insulin and insulin-like growth factors in the increased risk of cancer in diabetes. Rambam Maimonides Med J, 2011, 2(2): e0043.
9.	Lee KN, Choi HS, Yang SY, et al. The role of leptin in gastric cancer: clinicopathologic features and molecular mechanisms. Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 2014, 446(4): 822-829.
10.	Donohoe CL, O’Farrell NJ, Doyle SL, et al. The role of obesity in gastrointestinal cancer: evidence and opinion. Therap Adv Gastroenterol, 2014, 7(1): 38-50.
11.	李海军, 车向明, 张正良, 等. 肥胖对小鼠胃癌生长的影响. 西安交通大学学报(医学版), 2015, 36(4): 528-532, 564.
12.	Devesa SS, Fraumeni JF Jr. The rising incidence of gastric cardia cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst, 1999, 91(9): 747-749.
13.	Fock KM. Review article: the epidemiology and prevention of gastric cancer. Aliment Pharmacol Ther, 2014, 40(3): 250-260.
14.	Carr JS, Zafar SF, Saba N, et al. Risk factors for rising incidence of esophageal and gastric cardia adenocarcinoma. J Gastrointest Cancer, 2013, 44(2): 143-151.
15.	Yang P, Zhou Y, Chen B, et al. Overweight, obesity and gastric cancer risk: results from a meta-analysis of cohort studies. Eur J Cancer, 2009, 45(16): 2867-2873.
16.	Chen Y, Liu L, Wang X, et al. Body mass index and risk of gastric cancer: a meta-analysis of a population with more than ten million from 24 prospective studies. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev, 2013, 22(8): 1395-1408.
17.	Nilsson M, Johnsen R, Ye W, et al. Obesity and estrogen as risk factors for gastroesophageal reflux symptoms. JAMA, 2003, 290(1): 66-72.
18.	Robertson EV, Derakhshan MH, Wirz AA, et al. Central obesity in asymptomatic volunteers is associated with increased intrasphincteric acid reflux and lengthening of the cardiac mucosa. Gastroenterology, 2013, 145(4): 730-739.
19.	Steffen A, Huerta JM, Weiderpass E, et al. General and abdominal obesity and risk of esophageal and gastric adenocarcinoma in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition. Int J Cancer, 2015, 137(3): 646-657.
20.	Maeda H, Okabayashi T, Nishimori I, et al. Clinicopathologic features of adenocarcinoma at the gastric cardia: is it different from distal cancer of the stomach? J Am Coll Surg, 2008, 206(2): 306-310.
21.	Noh SH, Park SR, Yang HK, et al. Adjuvant capecitabine plus oxaliplatin for gastric cancer after D2 gastrectomy (CLASSIC): 5-year follow-up of an open-label, randomised phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol, 2014, 15(12): 1389-1396.
22.	Kim JH, Chin HM, Hwang SS, et al. Impact of intra-abdominal fat on surgical outcome and overall survival of patients with gastric cancer. Int J Surg, 2014, 12(4): 346-352.
23.	Wong J, Rahman S, Saeed N, et al. Effect of body mass index in patients undergoing resection for gastric cancer: a single center US experience. J Gastrointest Surg, 2014, 18(3): 505-511.
24.	Ejaz A, Spolverato G, Kim Y, et al. Impact of body mass index on perioperative outcomes and survival after resection for gastric cancer. J Surg Res, 2015, 195(1): 74-82.
25.	Wang W, Zhang X, Shen C, et al. Laparoscopic versus open total gastrectomy for gastric cancer: an updated meta-analysis. PLoS One, 2014, 9(2): e88753.
26.	Son SY, Jung DH, Lee CM, et al. Laparoscopic gastrectomy versus open gastrectomy for gastric cancer in patients with body mass index of 30 kg/m² or more. Surg Endosc, 2015, 29(8): 2126-2132.
27.	Sugimoto M, Kinoshita T, Shibasaki H, et al. Short-term outcome of total laparoscopic distal gastrectomy for overweight and obese patients with gastric cancer. Surg Endosc, 2013, 27(11): 4291-4296.
28.	Wang Z, Zhang X, Liang J, et al. Short-term outcomes for laparoscopy-assisted distal gastrectomy for body mass index ≥30 patients with gastric cancer. J Surg Res, 2015, 195(1): 83-88.
29.	Mangram AJ, Horan TC, Pearson ML, et al. Guideline for prevention of surgical site infection, 1999. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) hospital infection control practices advisory committee. Am J Infect Control, 1999, 27(2): 97-132.
30.	Hirao M, Tsujinaka T, Imamura H, et al. Overweight is a risk factor for surgical site infection following distal gastrectomy for gastric cancer. Gastric Cancer, 2013, 16(2): 239-244.
31.	Bickenbach KA, Denton B, Gonen M, et al. Impact of obesity on perioperative complications and long-term survival of patients with gastric cancer. Ann Surg Oncol, 2013, 20(3): 780-787.
32.	赵飞, 王玉玮. 肥胖对免疫功能的影响. 国外医学(儿科学分册), 2003, 30(6): 316-318.
33.	Tokunaga M, Hiki N, Fukunaga T, et al. Better 5-year survival rate following curative gastrectomy in overweight patients. Ann Surg Oncol, 2009, 16(12): 3245-3251.
34.	Chen HN, Chen XZ, Zhang WH, et al. The impact of body mass index on the surgical outcomes of patients with gastric cancer: a 10-year, single-institution cohort study. Medicine (Baltimore), 2015, 94(42): e1769.
35.	李彬, 张惠玲. 体质指数对胃癌患者术后预后的影响. 实用医学杂志, 2015, 31(10): 1620-1623.
36.	Lianos GD, Bali CD, Glantzounis GK, et al. BMI and lymph node ratio may predict clinical outcomes of gastric cancer. Future Oncol, 2014, 10(2): 249-255.

1. WHO. Obesity and overweight. Fact sheet N311 Updated. 2015-06. http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs311/en/.
2. Kulig J, Sierzega M, Kolodziejczyk P, et al. Implications of overweight in gastric cancer: a multicenter study in a Western patient population. Eur J Surg Oncol, 2010, 36(10): 969-976.
3. Wu XS, Wu WG, Li ML, et al. Impact of being overweight on the surgical outcomes of patients with gastric cancer: a meta-analysis. World J Gastroenterol, 2013, 19(28): 4596-4606.
4. 李博斐. 低体重指数是胃癌患者的不良预后因素——基于 2 029 例中国单中心大样本的研究. 临床与病理杂志, 2015, (z1): 32-33.
5. Lee HH, Park JM, Song KY, et al. Survival impact of postoperative body mass index in gastric cancer patients undergoing gastrectomy. Eur J Cancer, 2016, 52(1): 129-137.
6. Li L, Ying XJ, Sun TT, et al. Overview of methodological quality of systematic reviews about gastric cancer risk and protective factors. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 2012, 13(5): 2069-2079.
7. Lee AV, Yee D. Targeting IGF-1R: at a crossroad. Oncology (Williston Park), 2011, 25(6): 535-536, 551.
8. Leroith D, Scheinman EJ, Bitton-Worms K. The role of insulin and insulin-like growth factors in the increased risk of cancer in diabetes. Rambam Maimonides Med J, 2011, 2(2): e0043.
9. Lee KN, Choi HS, Yang SY, et al. The role of leptin in gastric cancer: clinicopathologic features and molecular mechanisms. Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 2014, 446(4): 822-829.
10. Donohoe CL, O’Farrell NJ, Doyle SL, et al. The role of obesity in gastrointestinal cancer: evidence and opinion. Therap Adv Gastroenterol, 2014, 7(1): 38-50.
11. 李海军, 车向明, 张正良, 等. 肥胖对小鼠胃癌生长的影响. 西安交通大学学报(医学版), 2015, 36(4): 528-532, 564.
12. Devesa SS, Fraumeni JF Jr. The rising incidence of gastric cardia cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst, 1999, 91(9): 747-749.
13. Fock KM. Review article: the epidemiology and prevention of gastric cancer. Aliment Pharmacol Ther, 2014, 40(3): 250-260.
14. Carr JS, Zafar SF, Saba N, et al. Risk factors for rising incidence of esophageal and gastric cardia adenocarcinoma. J Gastrointest Cancer, 2013, 44(2): 143-151.
15. Yang P, Zhou Y, Chen B, et al. Overweight, obesity and gastric cancer risk: results from a meta-analysis of cohort studies. Eur J Cancer, 2009, 45(16): 2867-2873.
16. Chen Y, Liu L, Wang X, et al. Body mass index and risk of gastric cancer: a meta-analysis of a population with more than ten million from 24 prospective studies. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev, 2013, 22(8): 1395-1408.
17. Nilsson M, Johnsen R, Ye W, et al. Obesity and estrogen as risk factors for gastroesophageal reflux symptoms. JAMA, 2003, 290(1): 66-72.
18. Robertson EV, Derakhshan MH, Wirz AA, et al. Central obesity in asymptomatic volunteers is associated with increased intrasphincteric acid reflux and lengthening of the cardiac mucosa. Gastroenterology, 2013, 145(4): 730-739.
19. Steffen A, Huerta JM, Weiderpass E, et al. General and abdominal obesity and risk of esophageal and gastric adenocarcinoma in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition. Int J Cancer, 2015, 137(3): 646-657.
20. Maeda H, Okabayashi T, Nishimori I, et al. Clinicopathologic features of adenocarcinoma at the gastric cardia: is it different from distal cancer of the stomach? J Am Coll Surg, 2008, 206(2): 306-310.
21. Noh SH, Park SR, Yang HK, et al. Adjuvant capecitabine plus oxaliplatin for gastric cancer after D2 gastrectomy (CLASSIC): 5-year follow-up of an open-label, randomised phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol, 2014, 15(12): 1389-1396.
22. Kim JH, Chin HM, Hwang SS, et al. Impact of intra-abdominal fat on surgical outcome and overall survival of patients with gastric cancer. Int J Surg, 2014, 12(4): 346-352.
23. Wong J, Rahman S, Saeed N, et al. Effect of body mass index in patients undergoing resection for gastric cancer: a single center US experience. J Gastrointest Surg, 2014, 18(3): 505-511.
24. Ejaz A, Spolverato G, Kim Y, et al. Impact of body mass index on perioperative outcomes and survival after resection for gastric cancer. J Surg Res, 2015, 195(1): 74-82.
25. Wang W, Zhang X, Shen C, et al. Laparoscopic versus open total gastrectomy for gastric cancer: an updated meta-analysis. PLoS One, 2014, 9(2): e88753.
26. Son SY, Jung DH, Lee CM, et al. Laparoscopic gastrectomy versus open gastrectomy for gastric cancer in patients with body mass index of 30 kg/m² or more. Surg Endosc, 2015, 29(8): 2126-2132.
27. Sugimoto M, Kinoshita T, Shibasaki H, et al. Short-term outcome of total laparoscopic distal gastrectomy for overweight and obese patients with gastric cancer. Surg Endosc, 2013, 27(11): 4291-4296.
28. Wang Z, Zhang X, Liang J, et al. Short-term outcomes for laparoscopy-assisted distal gastrectomy for body mass index ≥30 patients with gastric cancer. J Surg Res, 2015, 195(1): 83-88.
29. Mangram AJ, Horan TC, Pearson ML, et al. Guideline for prevention of surgical site infection, 1999. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) hospital infection control practices advisory committee. Am J Infect Control, 1999, 27(2): 97-132.
30. Hirao M, Tsujinaka T, Imamura H, et al. Overweight is a risk factor for surgical site infection following distal gastrectomy for gastric cancer. Gastric Cancer, 2013, 16(2): 239-244.
31. Bickenbach KA, Denton B, Gonen M, et al. Impact of obesity on perioperative complications and long-term survival of patients with gastric cancer. Ann Surg Oncol, 2013, 20(3): 780-787.
32. 赵飞, 王玉玮. 肥胖对免疫功能的影响. 国外医学(儿科学分册), 2003, 30(6): 316-318.
33. Tokunaga M, Hiki N, Fukunaga T, et al. Better 5-year survival rate following curative gastrectomy in overweight patients. Ann Surg Oncol, 2009, 16(12): 3245-3251.
34. Chen HN, Chen XZ, Zhang WH, et al. The impact of body mass index on the surgical outcomes of patients with gastric cancer: a 10-year, single-institution cohort study. Medicine (Baltimore), 2015, 94(42): e1769.
35. 李彬, 张惠玲. 体质指数对胃癌患者术后预后的影响. 实用医学杂志, 2015, 31(10): 1620-1623.
36. Lianos GD, Bali CD, Glantzounis GK, et al. BMI and lymph node ratio may predict clinical outcomes of gastric cancer. Future Oncol, 2014, 10(2): 249-255.

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CHINESE JOURNAL OF BASES AND CLINICS IN GENERAL SURGERY

The current situation and progression of the correlation between obesity and gastric cancer

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