Surgical advance in the research of primary gastrointestinal lymphoma_CHINESE JOURNAL OF BASES AND CLINICS IN GENERAL SURGERY

Authors：

HOU Sen , WANG Chao ,  YE Yingjiang

Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery/Laboratory of Surgical Oncology, Peking University of People’s Hospital; Key Laboratory of Colorectal Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Research in Beijing, Beijing 100044, P. R. China;

Corresponding author：

YE Yingjiang, Email: yeyingjiang@pkuph.edu.cn

Keywords：

primary gastrointestinal lymphoma; surgery; treatment; prognosis; review

DOI：

10.7507/1007-9424.201905055

Video：

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Objective To conclude the effect of surgery in the treatment of primary gastrointestinal lymphoma (PGIL) and provide evidence in subsequent studies and treatments in PGIL.Method The relevant literatures at home and abroad in recent years about the role of surgery in the treatment of PGIL were reviewed.Results Common clinical strategies included surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and so on. Due to the low incidence, there were few large sample, multi-center, and prospective studies. The surgery was beneficial on relieving the potential risk of complications such as bleeding, perforation, and obstruction. In addition, the surgery provided easy access for direct observation and biopsy. Furthermore, specific pathological stage was necessary for subsequent therapy. For certain PGIL, the indications of surgery became increasingly clear. But it was controversial about treatment strategy of PGIL, especially the effect of surgery.Conclusion The treatment strategy should be individualized according to the lesion site, pathological type, and clinical stage.

Citation： HOU Sen, WANG Chao, YE Yingjiang. Surgical advance in the research of primary gastrointestinal lymphoma. CHINESE JOURNAL OF BASES AND CLINICS IN GENERAL SURGERY, 2019, 26(12): 1480-1484. doi: 10.7507/1007-9424.201905055 Copy

1.	Fujishima F, Katsushima H, Fukuhara N, et al. Incidence rate, subtype frequency, and occurrence site of malignant lymphoma in the gastrointestinal tract: population-based analysis in Miyagi, Japan. Tohoku. J Exp Med, 2018, 245(3): 159-165.
2.	Howell JM, Auer-Grzesiak I, Zhang J, et al. Increasing incidence rates, distribution and histological characteristics of primary gastrointestinal non-Hodgkin lymphoma in a North American population. Can J Gastroenterol, 2012, 26(7): 452-456.
3.	Ghimire P, Wu GY, Zhu L. Primary gastrointestinal lymphoma. World J Gastroenterol, 2011, 17(6): 697-707.
4.	Shi Z, Ding H, Shen QW, et al. The clinical manifestation, survival outcome and predictive prognostic factors of 137 patients with primary gastrointestinal lymphoma (PGIL): strobe compliant. Medicine (Baltimore), 2018, 97(1): e9583.
5.	Little RF. AIDS-related non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma: etiology, epidemiology, and impact of highly active antiretroviral therapy. Leuk Lymphoma, 2003, 44(Suppl 3): S63-S68.
6.	Al-Sheneber I I, Shibata H. Primary gastric lymphoma. Cancer Control, 1997, 4(3): 245-252.
7.	Zelenetz AD, Gordon LI, Abramson JS, et al. NCCN guidelines insights: B-cell lymphomas, version 3.2019. J Natl Compr Canc Netw, 2019, 17(6): 650-661.
8.	Rohatiner A, d’Amore F, Coiffier B, et al. Report on a workshop convened to discuss the pathological and staging classifications of gastrointestinal tract lymphoma. Ann Oncol, 1994, 5(5): 397-400.
9.	Ferrucci PF, Zucca E. Primary gastric lymphoma pathogenesis and treatment: what has changed over the past 10 years? Br J Haematol, 2007, 136(4): 521-538.
10.	Juárez-Salcedo LM, Sokol L, Chavez JC, et al. Primary gastric lymphoma, epidemiology, clinical diagnosis, and treatment. Cancer Control, 2018, 25(1): 1073274818778256.
11.	Tondini C, Giardini R, Bozzetti F, et al. Combined modality treatment for primary gastrointestinal non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma: the Milan Cancer Institute experience. Ann Oncol, 1993, 4(10): 831-837.
12.	Tedeschi L, Romanelli A, Dallavalle G, et al. Stages Ⅰ and Ⅱ non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma of the gastrointestinal tract. Retrospective analysis of 79 patients and review of the literature. J Clin Gastroenterol, 1994, 18(2): 99-104.
13.	Avilés A, Nambo MJ, Neri N, et al. The role of surgery in primary gastric lymphoma: results of a controlled clinical trial. Ann Surg, 2004, 240(1): 44-50.
14.	Sbitti Y, Ismaili N, Bensouda Y, et al. Management of stage one and two-E gastric large B-cell lymphoma: chemotherapy alone or surgery followed by chemotherapy? J Hematol Oncol, 2010, 3: 23.
15.	Koch P, del Valle F, Berdel WE, et al. Primary gastrointestinal non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma: Ⅱ. Combined surgical and conservative or conservative management only in localized gastric lymphoma–results of the prospective German Multicenter Study GIT NHL 01/92. J Clin Oncol, 2001, 19(18): 3874-3883.
16.	Japanese Gastric Cancer Association. Japanese gastric cancer treatment guidelines 2010 (ver. 3). Gastric Cancer, 2011, 14(2): 113-123.
17.	Zelenetz AD, Gordon LI, Wierda WG, et al. Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma version 1.2016. J Natl Compr Canc Netw, 2016, 14(2): 196-231.
18.	Lin JL, Lin JX, Li P, et al. The impact of surgery on long-term survival of patients with primary gastric diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: a SEER population-based study. Gastroenterol Res Pract, 2019, 2019: 9683298.
19.	Wang YG, Zhao LY, Liu CQ, et al. Clinical characteristics and prognostic factors of primary gastric lymphoma: a retrospective study with 165 cases. Medicine (Baltimore), 2016, 95(31): e4250.
20.	Psyrri A, Papageorgiou S, Economopoulos T. Primary extranodal lymphomas of stomach: clinical presentation, diagnostic pitfalls and management. Ann Oncol, 2008, 19(12): 1992-1999.
21.	Vaidya R, Habermann TM, Donohue JH, et al. Bowel perforation in intestinal lymphoma: incidence and clinical features. Ann Oncol, 2013, 24(9): 2439-2443.
22.	Chestovich PJ, Schiller G, Sasu S, et al. Duodenal lymphoma: a rare and morbid tumor. Am Surg, 2007, 73(10): 1057-1062.
23.	Sarkhosh K, Bathe OF, Stewart DA, et al. The role of surgical intervention in the management of duodenal lymphoma. J Surg Oncol, 2009, 99(7): 428-432.
24.	Xu J, Lu W, Shen Z, et al. Diagnosis and treatment for primary small intestinal lymphoma of 59 cases: a follow-up study. Int J Colorectal Dis, 2016, 31(7): 1377-1379.
25.	Chin CK, Tsang E, Mediwake H, et al. Frequency of bowel perforation and impact of bowel rest in aggressive non-Hodgkin lymphoma with gastrointestinal involvement. Br J Haematol, 2019, 184(5): 826-828.
26.	Kim SJ, Kang HJ, Kim JS, et al. Comparison of treatment strategies for patients with intestinal diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: surgical resection followed by chemotherapy versus chemotherapy alone. Blood, 2011, 117(6): 1958-1965.
27.	Kagawa T, Kobayashi T, Ueyama S, et al. Successful management of unresectable small bowel lymphoma with laparoscopy-assisted surgical exclusion of the affected intestine. Asian J Endosc Surg, 2017, 10(4): 454-458.
28.	Aoki T, Yamada A, Takahashi M, et al. Development and internal validation of a risk scoring system for gastrointestinal events requiring surgery in gastrointestinal lymphoma patients. J Gastroenterol Hepatol, 2019, 34(4): 693-699.
29.	Cai S, Cannizzo F Jr, Bullard Dunn KM, et al. The role of surgical intervention in non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma of the colon and rectum. Am J Surg, 2007, 193(3): 409-412.
30.	Kim YH, Lee JH, Yang SK, et al. Primary colon lymphoma in Korea: a KASID (Korean Association for the Study of Intestinal Diseases) Study. Dig Dis Sci, 2005, 50(12): 2243-2247.
31.	Beaton C, Davies M, Beynon J. The management of primary small bowel and colon lymphoma–a review. Int J Colorectal Dis, 2012, 27(5): 555-563.
32.	Gonzalez QH, Heslin MJ, Dávila-Cervantes A, et al. Primary colonic lymphoma. Am Surg, 2008, 74(3): 214-216.
33.	Avilés A, Neri N, Huerta-Guzmán J. Large bowel lymphoma: an analysis of prognostic factors and therapy in 53 patients. J Surg Oncol, 2002, 80(2): 111-115.
34.	Tang TC, Kuo MC, Chang H, et al. Primary colonic lymphoma: an analysis of 74 cases with localized large-cell lymphoma. Eur J Haematol, 2011, 87(1): 28-36.
35.	Fan CW, Changchien CR, Wang JY, et al. Primary colorectal lymphoma. Dis Colon Rectum, 2000, 43(9): 1277-1282.
36.	Lai YL, Lin JK, Liang WY, et al. Surgical resection combined with chemotherapy can help achieve better outcomes in patients with primary colonic lymphoma. J Surg Oncol, 2011, 104(3): 265-268.
37.	Skube SJ, Arsoniadis EG, Sulciner ML, et al. Colorectal lymphoma: a contemporary case series. Dis Colon Rectum, 2019, 62(6): 694-702.
38.	Jeong JH, Kim S, Kim JE, et al. Clinical characteristics, treatment, and outcome of primary rectal lymphoma: a single center experience of 16 patients. Blood Res, 2017, 52(2): 125-129.

1. Fujishima F, Katsushima H, Fukuhara N, et al. Incidence rate, subtype frequency, and occurrence site of malignant lymphoma in the gastrointestinal tract: population-based analysis in Miyagi, Japan. Tohoku. J Exp Med, 2018, 245(3): 159-165.
2. Howell JM, Auer-Grzesiak I, Zhang J, et al. Increasing incidence rates, distribution and histological characteristics of primary gastrointestinal non-Hodgkin lymphoma in a North American population. Can J Gastroenterol, 2012, 26(7): 452-456.
3. Ghimire P, Wu GY, Zhu L. Primary gastrointestinal lymphoma. World J Gastroenterol, 2011, 17(6): 697-707.
4. Shi Z, Ding H, Shen QW, et al. The clinical manifestation, survival outcome and predictive prognostic factors of 137 patients with primary gastrointestinal lymphoma (PGIL): strobe compliant. Medicine (Baltimore), 2018, 97(1): e9583.
5. Little RF. AIDS-related non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma: etiology, epidemiology, and impact of highly active antiretroviral therapy. Leuk Lymphoma, 2003, 44(Suppl 3): S63-S68.
6. Al-Sheneber I I, Shibata H. Primary gastric lymphoma. Cancer Control, 1997, 4(3): 245-252.
7. Zelenetz AD, Gordon LI, Abramson JS, et al. NCCN guidelines insights: B-cell lymphomas, version 3.2019. J Natl Compr Canc Netw, 2019, 17(6): 650-661.
8. Rohatiner A, d’Amore F, Coiffier B, et al. Report on a workshop convened to discuss the pathological and staging classifications of gastrointestinal tract lymphoma. Ann Oncol, 1994, 5(5): 397-400.
9. Ferrucci PF, Zucca E. Primary gastric lymphoma pathogenesis and treatment: what has changed over the past 10 years? Br J Haematol, 2007, 136(4): 521-538.
10. Juárez-Salcedo LM, Sokol L, Chavez JC, et al. Primary gastric lymphoma, epidemiology, clinical diagnosis, and treatment. Cancer Control, 2018, 25(1): 1073274818778256.
11. Tondini C, Giardini R, Bozzetti F, et al. Combined modality treatment for primary gastrointestinal non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma: the Milan Cancer Institute experience. Ann Oncol, 1993, 4(10): 831-837.
12. Tedeschi L, Romanelli A, Dallavalle G, et al. Stages Ⅰ and Ⅱ non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma of the gastrointestinal tract. Retrospective analysis of 79 patients and review of the literature. J Clin Gastroenterol, 1994, 18(2): 99-104.
13. Avilés A, Nambo MJ, Neri N, et al. The role of surgery in primary gastric lymphoma: results of a controlled clinical trial. Ann Surg, 2004, 240(1): 44-50.
14. Sbitti Y, Ismaili N, Bensouda Y, et al. Management of stage one and two-E gastric large B-cell lymphoma: chemotherapy alone or surgery followed by chemotherapy? J Hematol Oncol, 2010, 3: 23.
15. Koch P, del Valle F, Berdel WE, et al. Primary gastrointestinal non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma: Ⅱ. Combined surgical and conservative or conservative management only in localized gastric lymphoma–results of the prospective German Multicenter Study GIT NHL 01/92. J Clin Oncol, 2001, 19(18): 3874-3883.
16. Japanese Gastric Cancer Association. Japanese gastric cancer treatment guidelines 2010 (ver. 3). Gastric Cancer, 2011, 14(2): 113-123.
17. Zelenetz AD, Gordon LI, Wierda WG, et al. Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma version 1.2016. J Natl Compr Canc Netw, 2016, 14(2): 196-231.
18. Lin JL, Lin JX, Li P, et al. The impact of surgery on long-term survival of patients with primary gastric diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: a SEER population-based study. Gastroenterol Res Pract, 2019, 2019: 9683298.
19. Wang YG, Zhao LY, Liu CQ, et al. Clinical characteristics and prognostic factors of primary gastric lymphoma: a retrospective study with 165 cases. Medicine (Baltimore), 2016, 95(31): e4250.
20. Psyrri A, Papageorgiou S, Economopoulos T. Primary extranodal lymphomas of stomach: clinical presentation, diagnostic pitfalls and management. Ann Oncol, 2008, 19(12): 1992-1999.
21. Vaidya R, Habermann TM, Donohue JH, et al. Bowel perforation in intestinal lymphoma: incidence and clinical features. Ann Oncol, 2013, 24(9): 2439-2443.
22. Chestovich PJ, Schiller G, Sasu S, et al. Duodenal lymphoma: a rare and morbid tumor. Am Surg, 2007, 73(10): 1057-1062.
23. Sarkhosh K, Bathe OF, Stewart DA, et al. The role of surgical intervention in the management of duodenal lymphoma. J Surg Oncol, 2009, 99(7): 428-432.
24. Xu J, Lu W, Shen Z, et al. Diagnosis and treatment for primary small intestinal lymphoma of 59 cases: a follow-up study. Int J Colorectal Dis, 2016, 31(7): 1377-1379.
25. Chin CK, Tsang E, Mediwake H, et al. Frequency of bowel perforation and impact of bowel rest in aggressive non-Hodgkin lymphoma with gastrointestinal involvement. Br J Haematol, 2019, 184(5): 826-828.
26. Kim SJ, Kang HJ, Kim JS, et al. Comparison of treatment strategies for patients with intestinal diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: surgical resection followed by chemotherapy versus chemotherapy alone. Blood, 2011, 117(6): 1958-1965.
27. Kagawa T, Kobayashi T, Ueyama S, et al. Successful management of unresectable small bowel lymphoma with laparoscopy-assisted surgical exclusion of the affected intestine. Asian J Endosc Surg, 2017, 10(4): 454-458.
28. Aoki T, Yamada A, Takahashi M, et al. Development and internal validation of a risk scoring system for gastrointestinal events requiring surgery in gastrointestinal lymphoma patients. J Gastroenterol Hepatol, 2019, 34(4): 693-699.
29. Cai S, Cannizzo F Jr, Bullard Dunn KM, et al. The role of surgical intervention in non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma of the colon and rectum. Am J Surg, 2007, 193(3): 409-412.
30. Kim YH, Lee JH, Yang SK, et al. Primary colon lymphoma in Korea: a KASID (Korean Association for the Study of Intestinal Diseases) Study. Dig Dis Sci, 2005, 50(12): 2243-2247.
31. Beaton C, Davies M, Beynon J. The management of primary small bowel and colon lymphoma–a review. Int J Colorectal Dis, 2012, 27(5): 555-563.
32. Gonzalez QH, Heslin MJ, Dávila-Cervantes A, et al. Primary colonic lymphoma. Am Surg, 2008, 74(3): 214-216.
33. Avilés A, Neri N, Huerta-Guzmán J. Large bowel lymphoma: an analysis of prognostic factors and therapy in 53 patients. J Surg Oncol, 2002, 80(2): 111-115.
34. Tang TC, Kuo MC, Chang H, et al. Primary colonic lymphoma: an analysis of 74 cases with localized large-cell lymphoma. Eur J Haematol, 2011, 87(1): 28-36.
35. Fan CW, Changchien CR, Wang JY, et al. Primary colorectal lymphoma. Dis Colon Rectum, 2000, 43(9): 1277-1282.
36. Lai YL, Lin JK, Liang WY, et al. Surgical resection combined with chemotherapy can help achieve better outcomes in patients with primary colonic lymphoma. J Surg Oncol, 2011, 104(3): 265-268.
37. Skube SJ, Arsoniadis EG, Sulciner ML, et al. Colorectal lymphoma: a contemporary case series. Dis Colon Rectum, 2019, 62(6): 694-702.
38. Jeong JH, Kim S, Kim JE, et al. Clinical characteristics, treatment, and outcome of primary rectal lymphoma: a single center experience of 16 patients. Blood Res, 2017, 52(2): 125-129.

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Surgical advance in the research of primary gastrointestinal lymphoma

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