Feasibility of laparoscopic radical resection and re-resection for suspicious and incidental gallbladder cancer_CHINESE JOURNAL OF BASES AND CLINICS IN GENERAL SURGERY

Authors：

YIN Changhao ,  LI Fuyu

Department of Biliary Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China;

Corresponding author：

LI Fuyu, Email: lfy_74@hotmail.com

Keywords：

gallbladder cancer; laparoscopy; radical resection; reoperation; review

DOI：

10.7507/1007-9424.201912087

Video：

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Objective To evaluate feasibility of laparoscopic radical resection and re-resection for suspicious and incidental gallbladder cancer.Methods We searched PubMed and other databases, reviewed relevant literatures and summarized from aspects like whether efficacy comparable to laparotomy and enough lymph node dissection could be achieved through laparoscopy, timing of reoperation for incidental gallbladder cancer.Results Laparoscopic radical resection and re-resection were theoretically and technically feasible, but its efficacy and timing of re-resection were controversial, and its long-term efficacy needed further discussions in multi-center and large-scale cohort studies.Conclusions Laparoscopy shows prospects of resection and re-resection for suspicious and incidental gallbladder cancer. Tentative explorations could be done in properly selected patients by well-experience medical centers and to achieve efficacy comparable to laparotomy is the fundamental principle.

Citation： YIN Changhao, LI Fuyu. Feasibility of laparoscopic radical resection and re-resection for suspicious and incidental gallbladder cancer. CHINESE JOURNAL OF BASES AND CLINICS IN GENERAL SURGERY, 2020, 27(8): 1023-1027. doi: 10.7507/1007-9424.201912087 Copy

1.	Fong Y, Jarnagin W, Blumgart LH. Gallbladder cancer: comparison of patients presenting initially for definitive operation with those presenting after prior noncurative intervention. Ann Surg, 2000, 232(4): 557-569.
2.	Dixon E, Vollmer CM Jr, Sahajpal A, et al. An aggressive surgical approach leads to improved survival in patients with gallbladder cancer: a 12-year study at a North American Center. Ann Surg, 2005, 241(3): 385-394.
3.	Garg PK, Pandey D, Sharma J. The surgical management of gallbladder cancer. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol, 2015, 9(2): 155-166.
4.	Dasari BVM, Ionescu MI, Pawlik TM, et al. Outcomes of surgical resection of gallbladder cancer in patients presenting with jaundice: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Surg Oncol, 2018, 118(3): 477-485.
5.	Yoon YS, Han HS, Cho JY, et al. Is laparoscopy contraindicated for gallbladder cancer? A 10-year prospective cohort study. J Am Coll Surg, 2015, 221(4): 847-853.
6.	Itano O, Oshima G, Minagawa T, et al. Novel strategy for laparoscopic treatment of pT2 gallbladder carcinoma. Surg Endosc, 2015, 29(12): 3600-3607.
7.	Kim S, Yoon YS, Han HS, et al. Laparoscopic extended cholecystectomy for T3 gallbladder cancer. Surg Endosc, 2018, 32(6): 2984-2985.
8.	Dou C, Zhang Y, Liu J, et al. Laparoscopy versus laparotomy approach of a radical resection for gallbladder cancer: a retrospective comparative study. Surg Endosc, 2019, [Epub ahead of print].
9.	You DD, Lee HG, Paik KY, et al. What is an adequate extent of resection for T1 gallbladder cancers? Ann Surg, 2008, 247(5): 835-838.
10.	National Comprehensive Cancer Network. NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology. Hepatobiliary Cancer, Version 4. 2019. https://www.nccn.org/professionals/physician_gls/pdf/hepatobiliary.pdf.
11.	Stephen E, Frederick G, David B, et al. AJCC cancer staging manual. 8^th ed. New York: Springer, 2017: 303-309.
12.	Ong CT, Leung K, Nussbaum DP, et al. Open versus laparoscopic portal lymphadenectomy in gallbladder cancer: is there a difference in lymph node yield? HPB (Oxford), 2018, 20(6): 505-513.
13.	Ratti F, Fiorentini G, Cipriani F, et al. Perioperative and long-term outcomes of laparoscopic versus open lymphadenectomy for biliary tumors: a propensity-score-based, case-matched analysis. Ann Surg Oncol, 2019, 26(2): 564-575.
14.	Lundgren L, Muszynska C, Ros A, et al. Management of incidental gallbladder cancer in a national cohort. Br J Surg, 2019, 106(9): 1216-1227.
15.	Søreide K, Guest RV, Harrison EM, et al. Systematic review of management of incidental gallbladder cancer after cholecystectomy. Br J Surg, 2019, 106(1): 32-45.
16.	Aloia TA, Járufe N, Javle M, et al. Gallbladder cancer: expert consensus statement. HPB (Oxford), 2015, 17(8): 681-690.
17.	Lee SE, Jang JY, Kim SW, et al. Surgical strategy for T1 gallbladder cancer: a nationwide multicenter survey in South Korea. Ann Surg Oncol, 2014, 21(11): 3654-3660.
18.	Jang JY, Heo JS, Han Y, et al. Impact of type of surgery on survival outcome in patients with early gallbladder cancer in the era of minimally invasive surgery: oncologic safety of laparoscopic surgery. Medicine (Baltimore), 2016, 95(22): e3675.
19.	Goetze TO, Paolucci V. Immediate re-resection of T1 incidental gallbladder carcinomas: a survival analysis of the German Registry. Surg Endosc, 2008, 22(11): 2462-2465.
20.	Hari DM, Howard JH, Leung AM, et al. A 21-year analysis of stage Ⅰ gallbladder carcinoma: is cholecystectomy alone adequate? HPB (Oxford), 2013, 15(1): 40-48.
21.	Sternby Eilard M, Lundgren L, Cahlin C, et al. Surgical treatment for gallbladder cancer–a systematic literature review. Scand J Gastroenterol, 2017, 52(5): 505-514.
22.	de Aretxabala X, Leon J, Hepp J, et al. Gallbladder cancer: role of laparoscopy in the management of potentially resectable tumors. Surg Endosc, 2010, 24(9): 2192-2196.
23.	de Aretxabala X, Oppliger F, Solano N, et al. Laparoscopic management of incidental gallbladder cancer. Surg Endosc, 2018, 32(10): 4251-4255.
24.	Emoto S, Ishigami H, Yamaguchi H, et al. Port-site metastasis after laparoscopic surgery for gastrointestinal cancer. Surg Today, 2017, 47(3): 280-283.
25.	Freeman RK, Wait MA. Port site metastasis after laparoscopic staging of esophageal carcinoma. Ann Thorac Surg, 2001, 71(3): 1032-1034.
26.	Paolucci V. Port site recurrences after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Surg, 2001, 8(6): 535-543.
27.	Berger-Richardson D, Chesney TR, Englesakis M, et al. Trends in port-site metastasis after laparoscopic resection of incidental gallbladder cancer: a systematic review. Surgery, 2017, 161(3): 618-627.
28.	Horkoff MJ, Ahmed Z, Xu Y, et al. Adverse outcomes after bile spillage in incidental gallbladder cancers: a population-based study. Ann Surg, 2019, [Epub ahead of print].
29.	Curet MJ. Port site metastases. Am J Surg, 2004, 187(6): 705-712.
30.	Fuks D, Regimbeau JM, Pessaux P, et al. Is port-site resection necessary in the surgical management of gallbladder cancer? J Visc Surg, 2013, 150(4): 277-284.
31.	Maker AV, Butte JM, Oxenberg J, et al. Is port site resection necessary in the surgical management of gallbladder cancer? Ann Surg Oncol, 2012, 19(2): 409-417.
32.	Ethun CG, Postlewait LM, Le N, et al. Routine port-site excision in incidentally discovered gallbladder cancer is not associated with improved survival: a multi-institution analysis from the US Extrahepatic Biliary Malignancy Consortium. J Surg Oncol, 2017, 115(7): 805-811.
33.	Shukla PJ, Barreto G, Kakade A, et al. Revision surgery for incidental gallbladder cancer: factors influencing operability and further evidence for T1b tumours. HPB (Oxford), 2008, 10(1): 43-47.
34.	Butte JM, Kingham TP, Gönen M, et al. Residual disease predicts outcomes after definitive resection for incidental gallbladder cancer. J Am Coll Surg, 2014, 219(3): 416-429.
35.	Tsirlis T, Ausania F, White SA, et al. Implications of the index cholecystectomy and timing of referral for radical resection of advanced incidental gallbladder cancer. Ann R Coll Surg Engl, 2015, 97(2): 131-136.
36.	Ethun CG, Postlewait LM, Le N, et al. Association of optimal time interval to re-resection for incidental gallbladder cancer with overall survival: a multi-institution analysis from the US Extrahepatic Biliary Malignancy Consortium. JAMA Surg, 2017, 152(2): 143-149.
37.	Agopian VG, Hiatt JR. The timing of reoperation for incidental gallbladder cancer: sooner or later? JAMA Surg, 2017, 152(2): 149.
38.	Annunziata S, Pizzuto DA, Caldarella C, et al. Diagnostic accuracy of fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography in gallbladder cancer: a meta-analysis. World J Gastroenterol, 2015, 21(40): 11481-11488.
39.	Leung U, Pandit-Taskar N, Corvera CU, et al. Impact of pre-operative positron emission tomography in gallbladder cancer. HPB (Oxford), 2014, 16(11): 1023-1030.
40.	Goel M, Tamhankar A, Rangarajan V, et al. Role of PET CT scan in redefining treatment of incidental gall bladder carcinoma. J Surg Oncol, 2016, 113(6): 652-658.

1. Fong Y, Jarnagin W, Blumgart LH. Gallbladder cancer: comparison of patients presenting initially for definitive operation with those presenting after prior noncurative intervention. Ann Surg, 2000, 232(4): 557-569.
2. Dixon E, Vollmer CM Jr, Sahajpal A, et al. An aggressive surgical approach leads to improved survival in patients with gallbladder cancer: a 12-year study at a North American Center. Ann Surg, 2005, 241(3): 385-394.
3. Garg PK, Pandey D, Sharma J. The surgical management of gallbladder cancer. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol, 2015, 9(2): 155-166.
4. Dasari BVM, Ionescu MI, Pawlik TM, et al. Outcomes of surgical resection of gallbladder cancer in patients presenting with jaundice: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Surg Oncol, 2018, 118(3): 477-485.
5. Yoon YS, Han HS, Cho JY, et al. Is laparoscopy contraindicated for gallbladder cancer? A 10-year prospective cohort study. J Am Coll Surg, 2015, 221(4): 847-853.
6. Itano O, Oshima G, Minagawa T, et al. Novel strategy for laparoscopic treatment of pT2 gallbladder carcinoma. Surg Endosc, 2015, 29(12): 3600-3607.
7. Kim S, Yoon YS, Han HS, et al. Laparoscopic extended cholecystectomy for T3 gallbladder cancer. Surg Endosc, 2018, 32(6): 2984-2985.
8. Dou C, Zhang Y, Liu J, et al. Laparoscopy versus laparotomy approach of a radical resection for gallbladder cancer: a retrospective comparative study. Surg Endosc, 2019, [Epub ahead of print].
9. You DD, Lee HG, Paik KY, et al. What is an adequate extent of resection for T1 gallbladder cancers? Ann Surg, 2008, 247(5): 835-838.
10. National Comprehensive Cancer Network. NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology. Hepatobiliary Cancer, Version 4. 2019. https://www.nccn.org/professionals/physician_gls/pdf/hepatobiliary.pdf.
11. Stephen E, Frederick G, David B, et al. AJCC cancer staging manual. 8^th ed. New York: Springer, 2017: 303-309.
12. Ong CT, Leung K, Nussbaum DP, et al. Open versus laparoscopic portal lymphadenectomy in gallbladder cancer: is there a difference in lymph node yield? HPB (Oxford), 2018, 20(6): 505-513.
13. Ratti F, Fiorentini G, Cipriani F, et al. Perioperative and long-term outcomes of laparoscopic versus open lymphadenectomy for biliary tumors: a propensity-score-based, case-matched analysis. Ann Surg Oncol, 2019, 26(2): 564-575.
14. Lundgren L, Muszynska C, Ros A, et al. Management of incidental gallbladder cancer in a national cohort. Br J Surg, 2019, 106(9): 1216-1227.
15. Søreide K, Guest RV, Harrison EM, et al. Systematic review of management of incidental gallbladder cancer after cholecystectomy. Br J Surg, 2019, 106(1): 32-45.
16. Aloia TA, Járufe N, Javle M, et al. Gallbladder cancer: expert consensus statement. HPB (Oxford), 2015, 17(8): 681-690.
17. Lee SE, Jang JY, Kim SW, et al. Surgical strategy for T1 gallbladder cancer: a nationwide multicenter survey in South Korea. Ann Surg Oncol, 2014, 21(11): 3654-3660.
18. Jang JY, Heo JS, Han Y, et al. Impact of type of surgery on survival outcome in patients with early gallbladder cancer in the era of minimally invasive surgery: oncologic safety of laparoscopic surgery. Medicine (Baltimore), 2016, 95(22): e3675.
19. Goetze TO, Paolucci V. Immediate re-resection of T1 incidental gallbladder carcinomas: a survival analysis of the German Registry. Surg Endosc, 2008, 22(11): 2462-2465.
20. Hari DM, Howard JH, Leung AM, et al. A 21-year analysis of stage Ⅰ gallbladder carcinoma: is cholecystectomy alone adequate? HPB (Oxford), 2013, 15(1): 40-48.
21. Sternby Eilard M, Lundgren L, Cahlin C, et al. Surgical treatment for gallbladder cancer–a systematic literature review. Scand J Gastroenterol, 2017, 52(5): 505-514.
22. de Aretxabala X, Leon J, Hepp J, et al. Gallbladder cancer: role of laparoscopy in the management of potentially resectable tumors. Surg Endosc, 2010, 24(9): 2192-2196.
23. de Aretxabala X, Oppliger F, Solano N, et al. Laparoscopic management of incidental gallbladder cancer. Surg Endosc, 2018, 32(10): 4251-4255.
24. Emoto S, Ishigami H, Yamaguchi H, et al. Port-site metastasis after laparoscopic surgery for gastrointestinal cancer. Surg Today, 2017, 47(3): 280-283.
25. Freeman RK, Wait MA. Port site metastasis after laparoscopic staging of esophageal carcinoma. Ann Thorac Surg, 2001, 71(3): 1032-1034.
26. Paolucci V. Port site recurrences after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Surg, 2001, 8(6): 535-543.
27. Berger-Richardson D, Chesney TR, Englesakis M, et al. Trends in port-site metastasis after laparoscopic resection of incidental gallbladder cancer: a systematic review. Surgery, 2017, 161(3): 618-627.
28. Horkoff MJ, Ahmed Z, Xu Y, et al. Adverse outcomes after bile spillage in incidental gallbladder cancers: a population-based study. Ann Surg, 2019, [Epub ahead of print].
29. Curet MJ. Port site metastases. Am J Surg, 2004, 187(6): 705-712.
30. Fuks D, Regimbeau JM, Pessaux P, et al. Is port-site resection necessary in the surgical management of gallbladder cancer? J Visc Surg, 2013, 150(4): 277-284.
31. Maker AV, Butte JM, Oxenberg J, et al. Is port site resection necessary in the surgical management of gallbladder cancer? Ann Surg Oncol, 2012, 19(2): 409-417.
32. Ethun CG, Postlewait LM, Le N, et al. Routine port-site excision in incidentally discovered gallbladder cancer is not associated with improved survival: a multi-institution analysis from the US Extrahepatic Biliary Malignancy Consortium. J Surg Oncol, 2017, 115(7): 805-811.
33. Shukla PJ, Barreto G, Kakade A, et al. Revision surgery for incidental gallbladder cancer: factors influencing operability and further evidence for T1b tumours. HPB (Oxford), 2008, 10(1): 43-47.
34. Butte JM, Kingham TP, Gönen M, et al. Residual disease predicts outcomes after definitive resection for incidental gallbladder cancer. J Am Coll Surg, 2014, 219(3): 416-429.
35. Tsirlis T, Ausania F, White SA, et al. Implications of the index cholecystectomy and timing of referral for radical resection of advanced incidental gallbladder cancer. Ann R Coll Surg Engl, 2015, 97(2): 131-136.
36. Ethun CG, Postlewait LM, Le N, et al. Association of optimal time interval to re-resection for incidental gallbladder cancer with overall survival: a multi-institution analysis from the US Extrahepatic Biliary Malignancy Consortium. JAMA Surg, 2017, 152(2): 143-149.
37. Agopian VG, Hiatt JR. The timing of reoperation for incidental gallbladder cancer: sooner or later? JAMA Surg, 2017, 152(2): 149.
38. Annunziata S, Pizzuto DA, Caldarella C, et al. Diagnostic accuracy of fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography in gallbladder cancer: a meta-analysis. World J Gastroenterol, 2015, 21(40): 11481-11488.
39. Leung U, Pandit-Taskar N, Corvera CU, et al. Impact of pre-operative positron emission tomography in gallbladder cancer. HPB (Oxford), 2014, 16(11): 1023-1030.
40. Goel M, Tamhankar A, Rangarajan V, et al. Role of PET CT scan in redefining treatment of incidental gall bladder carcinoma. J Surg Oncol, 2016, 113(6): 652-658.

CHINESE JOURNAL OF BASES AND CLINICS IN GENERAL SURGERY

Feasibility of laparoscopic radical resection and re-resection for suspicious and incidental gallbladder cancer

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