Research progress on factors contributing to pulmonary infection after gastric cancer surgery_CHINESE JOURNAL OF BASES AND CLINICS IN GENERAL SURGERY

Authors：

YANG Jie ,  HE Yuhua , LI Ka

West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University / Colorectal Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China;

Corresponding author：

HE Yuhua, Email: heyuhua1006@163.com

Keywords：

gastric cancer; pulmonary infection; risk factors; review

DOI：

10.7507/1007-9424.202207021

Video：

Export PDF Favorites Scan Get Citation

Abstract Full text Figures/Tables Video References Cited by

Obejective To summarize the research progress of risk factors contributing to postoperative pulmonary infection in gastric cancer, so as to provide reference for medical decision-makers and clinical practitioners to effectively control the incidence of postoperative pulmonary infection in gastric cancer, ensure medical safety and improve the quality of life of patients. Method The researches at home and abroad on the factors contributing to pulmonary infection after gastric cancer surgery in recent years were reviewed and analyzed. Results There was currently no uniform diagnostic standard for pulmonary infection. The incidence of postoperative pulmonary infection for gastric cancer varied in the different countries and regions. The pathogenic bacteria that caused postoperative pulmonary infection of gastric cancer was mainly gram-negative bacteria, especially Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Acinetobacter boulardii, and Klebsiella pneumoniae. The patient’s age, history of smoking, preoperative pulmonary function, preoperative laboratory indicators, preoperative comorbidities, preoperative nutritional status, preoperative weakness, anesthesia, tumor location, surgical modality, duration of surgery, blood transfusion, indwelling gastrointestinal decompression tube, wound pain, and so on were possible factors associated with postoperative pulmonary infection of gastric cancer. Conclusions The incidence of postoperative pulmonary infection for gastric cancer is not promising. Based on the recognition of related factors, it is proposed that it is necessary to develop a risk prediction model for postoperative pulmonary infection of gastric cancer to identify high-risk patients. In addition to the conventional intervention strategy, taking the pathogenesis as the breakthrough, finding the key factors that lead to the occurrence of postoperative pulmonary infection of gastric cancer is the fundamental way to reduce its occurrence.

Citation： YANG Jie, HE Yuhua, LI Ka. Research progress on factors contributing to pulmonary infection after gastric cancer surgery. CHINESE JOURNAL OF BASES AND CLINICS IN GENERAL SURGERY, 2023, 30(1): 99-104. doi: 10.7507/1007-9424.202207021 Copy

1.	Liu X, Xue Z, Yu J, et al. Risk factors for postoperative infectious complications in elderly patients with gastric cancer. Cancer Manag Res, 2020, 12: 4391-4398.
2.	中华医学会呼吸病学分会感染学组. 中国成人医院获得性肺炎与呼吸机相关性肺炎诊断和治疗指南(2018年版). 中华结核和呼吸杂志, 2018, 41(4): 255-280.
3.	Dilworth JP, White RJ. Postoperative chest infection after upper abdominal surgery: an important problem for smokers. Respir Med, 1992, 86(3): 205-210.
4.	Mori M, Shuto K, Hirano A, et al. Preoperative neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio may predict postoperative pneumonia in stage Ⅰ–Ⅲ gastric cancer patients after curative gastrectomy: a retrospective study. World J Surg, 2021, 45(11): 3359-3369.
5.	郑燕国, 陈殷晓, 叶仙华, 等. 不同麻醉方法对胃癌患者术后肺部感染的影响. 中华医院感染学杂志, 2015, 25(6): 1391-1392, 1395.
6.	赵金辉, 谷顺通, 田丽, 等. 腹腔镜胃癌根治术患者术后肺部感染与影响因素分析. 中华医院感染学杂志, 2019, 29(3): 403-406.
7.	朱根英, 吴辰, 魏云海, 等. 腹腔镜胃癌根治术患者术后肺部感染与影响因素分析. 中国现代医生, 2021, 59(19): 7-9, 43.
8.	余爱平, 张忠华, 张江南. 腹腔镜胃癌切除术后肺部感染的影响因素分析. 江西医药, 2019, 54(12): 1535-1537.
9.	王超珺, 刘昭晖. 腹腔镜下根治性胃癌切除术后并发肺部感染的危险因素分析. 中国医学创新, 2021, 18(21): 142-145.
10.	方俊, 洪依, 陈秀英, 等. 老年患者胃癌切除联合D2淋巴结清扫术后肺部感染危险因素. 热带医学杂志, 2021, 21(5): 600-604.
11.	李晓君, 李新丽, 胡佳扬, 等. 老年胃癌根治术后肺部感染IL-33和Th1/Th2表达及意义. 中华医院感染学杂志, 2021, 31(14): 2189-2192.
12.	白静, 巴楠, 张小娟, 等. 胃癌根治术后肺部感染病原菌及危险因素. 中华医院感染学杂志, 2020, 30(21): 3316-3320.
13.	沈荐, 李敏哲, 杜燕夫. 影响腹腔镜胃癌根治术后肺部感染的多因素分析. 中国微创外科杂志, 2021, 21(8): 700-704.
14.	谢建忠, 李林, 黄彬, 等. 胃癌腔镜手术后肺部感染危险因素. 中国感染控制杂志, 2020, 19(7): 653-656.
15.	Miki Y, Makuuchi R, Tokunaga M, et al. Risk factors for postoperative pneumonia after gastrectomy for gastric cancer. Surg Today, 2016, 46(5): 552-556.
16.	Shibata C, Ogawa H, Nakano T, et al. Influence of age on postoperative complications especially pneumonia after gastrectomy for gastric cancer. BMC Surg, 2019, 19(1): 1-7.
17.	Gong EJ, Kim DH, Jung HY, et al. Pneumonia after endoscopic resection for gastric neoplasm. Dig Dis Sci, 2014, 59(11): 2742-2748.
18.	Wong Fok Lung T, Charytonowicz D, Beaumont KG, et al. Klebsiella pneumoniae induces host metabolic stress that promotes tolerance to pulmonary infection. Cell Metab, 2022, 34(5): 761-774.
19.	余喜梅, 高红梅. 胃癌术后肺部感染影响因素和病原菌分布及其耐药性. 中华医院感染学杂志, 2022, 32(17): 2638-2641.
20.	Aratani K, Sakuramoto S, Chuman M, et al. Laparoscopy-assisted distal gastrectomy for gastric cancer in elderly patients: surgical outcomes and prognosis. Anticancer Res, 2018, 38(3): 1721-1725.
21.	韩晓光, 步召德, 季加孚. 胃癌根治术后肺部感染相关危险因素分析. 中华胃肠外科杂志, 2017, 20(11): 1279-1282.
22.	Chen WZ, Dong QT, Zhang FM, et al. Laparoscopic versus open resection for elderly patients with gastric cancer: a double-center study with propensity score matching method. Langenbecks Arch Surg, 2021, 406(2): 449-461.
23.	Togo M, Akazawa Y, Akashi T, et al. Comprehensive prospective analysis of the factors contributing to aspiration pneumonia following endoscopic submucosal dissection in patients with early gastric neoplasms. Acta Med Okayama, 2020, 74(5): 407-413.
24.	Takama T, Okano K, Kondo A, et al. Predictors of postoperative complications in elderly and oldest old patients with gastric cancer. Gastric Cancer, 2015, 18(3): 653-661.
25.	Nienhueser H, Kunzmann R, Sisic L, et al. Surgery of gastric cancer and esophageal cancer: does age matter? J Surg Oncol, 2015, 112(4): 387-395.
26.	彭怀力, 彭慧茹, 刘永锋, 等. ICU老年患者肺部真菌感染的危险因素以及抢先治疗的临床效果. 江西医药, 2017, 52(4): 332-334.
27.	Chen S, Hu Y, Zhang W, et al. Analysis of clinical features and related factors of silent aspiration in hospitalized COPD patients. Altern Ther Health Med, 2022, 28(7): 125-131.
28.	Matsumi A, Takenaka R, Ando C, et al. Preoperative pulmonary function tests predict aspiration pneumonia after gastric endoscopic submucosal dissection. Dig Dis Sci, 2017, 62(11): 3084-3090.
29.	刘大勇, 张剑, 陈坤, 等. 胃癌患者胃切除术后肺部感染的影响因素回顾性调查分析. 中华医院感染学杂志, 2017, 27(7): 1576-1579.
30.	Shoka M, Kanda M, Ito S, et al. Systemic inflammation score as a predictor of pneumonia after radical resection of gastric cancer: analysis of a multi-institutional dataset. Dig Surg, 2020, 37(5): 401-410.
31.	Sato B, Kanda M, Tanaka C, et al. Significance of preoperative systemic inflammation score in short-term and long-term outcomes of patients with pathological T2-4 gastric cancer after radical gastrectomy. World J Surg, 2018, 42(10): 3277-3285.
32.	Kanda M, Fujii T, Kodera Y, et al. Nutritional predictors of postoperative outcome in pancreatic cancer. Br J Surg, 2011, 98(2): 268-274.
33.	Inaoka K, Kanda M, Uda H, et al. Clinical utility of the platelet-lymphocyte ratio as a predictor of postoperative complications after radical gastrectomy for clinical T2-4 gastric cancer. World J Gastroenterol, 2017, 23(14): 2519-2526.
34.	Chan JC, Chan DL, Diakos CI, et al. The lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio is a superior predictor of overall survival in comparison to established biomarkers of resectable colorectal cancer. Ann Surg, 2017, 265(3): 539-546.
35.	孙伟. 胃癌根治术后肺部感染的血清炎症指标、病原菌分布及危险因素. 临床与病理杂志, 2021, 41(8): 1748-1752.
36.	Madouri F, Barada O, Kervoaze G, et al. Production of interleukin-20 cytokines limits bacterial clearance and lung inflammation during infection by Streptococcus pneumoniae. EBioMedicine, 2018, 37: 417-427.
37.	Suzuki H, Matsuda Y, Noda M, et al. Management of de novo mycobacterial infection after lung transplantation without rifampicin: case series of a single institution. Transplant Proc, 2018, 50(9): 2764-2767.
38.	Stojanovic J, Tognetto A, Tiziano DF, et al. MicroRNAs expression profiles as diagnostic biomarkers of gastric cancer: a systematic literature review. Biomarkers, 2019, 24(2): 110-119.
39.	王鑫, 姜波, 刘世育, 等. 脂肪因子对2型糖尿病合并胃癌患者预后的影响. 胃肠病学和肝病学杂志, 2019, 28(10): 1128-1133.
40.	Zekavat SM, Honigberg M, Pirruccello JP, et al. Elevated blood pressure increases pneumonia risk: epidemiological association and mendelian randomization in the UK biobank. Med (NY), 2021, 2(2): 137-148.
41.	Jin X, Wu S, Bai Y. Risk factors and characteristics of bacterial infection during first-line chemotherapy for metastatic gastric or gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma. Support Care Cancer, 2022, 30(3): 2121-2129.
42.	Meng Y, Zhao P, Yong R. Modified frailty index independently predicts postoperative pulmonary infection in elderly patients undergoing radical gastrectomy for gastric cancer. Cancer Manag Res, 2021, 13: 9117-9126.
43.	Bellumkonda L, Tyrrell D, Hummel SL, et al. Pathophysiology of heart failure and frailty: a common inflammatory origin? Aging Cell, 2017, 16(3): 444-450.
44.	王泽华, 胡文庆, 郭焱, 等. 全身麻醉复合硬膜外麻醉对胃癌根治术患者肺功能及术后肺部感染的影响. 中华医院感染学杂志, 2017, 27(6): 1301-1304.
45.	Xiao H, Zhou H, Liu K, et al. Development and validation of a prognostic nomogram for predicting post-operative pulmonary infection in gastric cancer patients following radical gastrectomy. Sci Rep, 2019, 9(1): 14587. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-51227-4.
46.	Kimura R, Moriyama T, Ohuchida K, et al. Risk factors for postoperative pneumonia after laparoscopic gastrectomy in patients aged 75 years and over with gastric cancer. Asian J Endosc Surg, 2021, 14(3): 408-416.
47.	Takaki M, Nakama T, Ishida M, et al. High incidence of community-acquired pneumonia among rapidly aging population in Japan: a prospective hospital-based surveillance. Jpn J Infect Dis, 2014, 67(4): 269-275.
48.	Chang Y, An H, Xu L, et al. Systemic inflammation score predicts postoperative prognosis of patients with clear-cell renal cell carcinoma. Br J Cancer, 2015, 113(4): 626-633.
49.	Miki Y, Makuuchi R, Tokunaga M, et al. Risk factors for postoperative pneumonia after gastrectomy for gastric cancer. Today, 2016, 46(5): 552-556.
50.	Semple JW, Rebetz J, Kapur R. Transfusion-associated circulatory overload and transfusion-related acute lung injury. Blood, 2019, 133(17): 1840-1853.
51.	贾小安. 腹腔镜下毕Ⅱ胃癌根治术后并发空肠梗阻等并发症的危险因素分析与处理. 中国内镜杂志, 2017, 23(2): 34-36.
52.	朱志贤, 李靖锋, 唐俊, 等. 老年胃癌根治术病人术后肺部感染的影响因素分析. 实用老年医学, 2021, 35(1): 57-60.
53.	王明欣, 梁爱新, 高倩, 等. 胃癌患者术后肺部感染危险因素的Meta分析. 现代消化及介入诊疗, 2022, 27(3): 334-338, 329.
54.	Oodit R, Biccard BM, Panieri E, et al. Guidelines for perioperative care in elective abdominal and pelvic surgery at primary and secondary hospitals in low-middle-income countries (LMIC’s): Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) Society Recommendation. World J Surg, 2022, 46(8): 1826-1843.
55.	中华医学会外科学分会, 中华医学会麻醉学分会. 加速康复外科中国专家共识及路径管理指南(2018版). 中国实用外科杂志, 2018, 38(1): 1-20.
56.	Cassidy MR, Rosenkranz P, McCabe K, et al. I COUGH: reducing postoperative pulmonary complications with a multidisciplinary patient care program. JAMA Surg, 2013, 148(8): 740-745.
57.	Wren SM, Martin M, Yoon JK, et al. Postoperative pneumonia-prevention program for the inpatient surgical ward. J Am Coll Surg, 2010, 210(4): 491-495.
58.	Dumas A, Bernard L, Poquet Y, et al. The role of the lung microbiota and the gut-lung axis in respiratory infectious diseases. Cell Microbiol, 2018, 20(12): e12966. doi: 10.1111/cmi.12966.
59.	Wang H, Lian P, Niu X, et al. TLR4 deficiency reduces pulmonary resistance to Streptococcus pneumoniae in gut microbiota-disrupted mice. PLoS One, 2018, 13(12): e0209183. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0209183.
60.	Samuelson DR, Welsh DA, Shellito JE. Regulation of lung immunity and host defense by the intestinal microbiota. Front Microbiol, 2015, 6: 1085. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.01085.

1. Liu X, Xue Z, Yu J, et al. Risk factors for postoperative infectious complications in elderly patients with gastric cancer. Cancer Manag Res, 2020, 12: 4391-4398.
2. 中华医学会呼吸病学分会感染学组. 中国成人医院获得性肺炎与呼吸机相关性肺炎诊断和治疗指南(2018年版). 中华结核和呼吸杂志, 2018, 41(4): 255-280.
3. Dilworth JP, White RJ. Postoperative chest infection after upper abdominal surgery: an important problem for smokers. Respir Med, 1992, 86(3): 205-210.
4. Mori M, Shuto K, Hirano A, et al. Preoperative neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio may predict postoperative pneumonia in stage Ⅰ–Ⅲ gastric cancer patients after curative gastrectomy: a retrospective study. World J Surg, 2021, 45(11): 3359-3369.
5. 郑燕国, 陈殷晓, 叶仙华, 等. 不同麻醉方法对胃癌患者术后肺部感染的影响. 中华医院感染学杂志, 2015, 25(6): 1391-1392, 1395.
6. 赵金辉, 谷顺通, 田丽, 等. 腹腔镜胃癌根治术患者术后肺部感染与影响因素分析. 中华医院感染学杂志, 2019, 29(3): 403-406.
7. 朱根英, 吴辰, 魏云海, 等. 腹腔镜胃癌根治术患者术后肺部感染与影响因素分析. 中国现代医生, 2021, 59(19): 7-9, 43.
8. 余爱平, 张忠华, 张江南. 腹腔镜胃癌切除术后肺部感染的影响因素分析. 江西医药, 2019, 54(12): 1535-1537.
9. 王超珺, 刘昭晖. 腹腔镜下根治性胃癌切除术后并发肺部感染的危险因素分析. 中国医学创新, 2021, 18(21): 142-145.
10. 方俊, 洪依, 陈秀英, 等. 老年患者胃癌切除联合D2淋巴结清扫术后肺部感染危险因素. 热带医学杂志, 2021, 21(5): 600-604.
11. 李晓君, 李新丽, 胡佳扬, 等. 老年胃癌根治术后肺部感染IL-33和Th1/Th2表达及意义. 中华医院感染学杂志, 2021, 31(14): 2189-2192.
12. 白静, 巴楠, 张小娟, 等. 胃癌根治术后肺部感染病原菌及危险因素. 中华医院感染学杂志, 2020, 30(21): 3316-3320.
13. 沈荐, 李敏哲, 杜燕夫. 影响腹腔镜胃癌根治术后肺部感染的多因素分析. 中国微创外科杂志, 2021, 21(8): 700-704.
14. 谢建忠, 李林, 黄彬, 等. 胃癌腔镜手术后肺部感染危险因素. 中国感染控制杂志, 2020, 19(7): 653-656.
15. Miki Y, Makuuchi R, Tokunaga M, et al. Risk factors for postoperative pneumonia after gastrectomy for gastric cancer. Surg Today, 2016, 46(5): 552-556.
16. Shibata C, Ogawa H, Nakano T, et al. Influence of age on postoperative complications especially pneumonia after gastrectomy for gastric cancer. BMC Surg, 2019, 19(1): 1-7.
17. Gong EJ, Kim DH, Jung HY, et al. Pneumonia after endoscopic resection for gastric neoplasm. Dig Dis Sci, 2014, 59(11): 2742-2748.
18. Wong Fok Lung T, Charytonowicz D, Beaumont KG, et al. Klebsiella pneumoniae induces host metabolic stress that promotes tolerance to pulmonary infection. Cell Metab, 2022, 34(5): 761-774.
19. 余喜梅, 高红梅. 胃癌术后肺部感染影响因素和病原菌分布及其耐药性. 中华医院感染学杂志, 2022, 32(17): 2638-2641.
20. Aratani K, Sakuramoto S, Chuman M, et al. Laparoscopy-assisted distal gastrectomy for gastric cancer in elderly patients: surgical outcomes and prognosis. Anticancer Res, 2018, 38(3): 1721-1725.
21. 韩晓光, 步召德, 季加孚. 胃癌根治术后肺部感染相关危险因素分析. 中华胃肠外科杂志, 2017, 20(11): 1279-1282.
22. Chen WZ, Dong QT, Zhang FM, et al. Laparoscopic versus open resection for elderly patients with gastric cancer: a double-center study with propensity score matching method. Langenbecks Arch Surg, 2021, 406(2): 449-461.
23. Togo M, Akazawa Y, Akashi T, et al. Comprehensive prospective analysis of the factors contributing to aspiration pneumonia following endoscopic submucosal dissection in patients with early gastric neoplasms. Acta Med Okayama, 2020, 74(5): 407-413.
24. Takama T, Okano K, Kondo A, et al. Predictors of postoperative complications in elderly and oldest old patients with gastric cancer. Gastric Cancer, 2015, 18(3): 653-661.
25. Nienhueser H, Kunzmann R, Sisic L, et al. Surgery of gastric cancer and esophageal cancer: does age matter? J Surg Oncol, 2015, 112(4): 387-395.
26. 彭怀力, 彭慧茹, 刘永锋, 等. ICU老年患者肺部真菌感染的危险因素以及抢先治疗的临床效果. 江西医药, 2017, 52(4): 332-334.
27. Chen S, Hu Y, Zhang W, et al. Analysis of clinical features and related factors of silent aspiration in hospitalized COPD patients. Altern Ther Health Med, 2022, 28(7): 125-131.
28. Matsumi A, Takenaka R, Ando C, et al. Preoperative pulmonary function tests predict aspiration pneumonia after gastric endoscopic submucosal dissection. Dig Dis Sci, 2017, 62(11): 3084-3090.
29. 刘大勇, 张剑, 陈坤, 等. 胃癌患者胃切除术后肺部感染的影响因素回顾性调查分析. 中华医院感染学杂志, 2017, 27(7): 1576-1579.
30. Shoka M, Kanda M, Ito S, et al. Systemic inflammation score as a predictor of pneumonia after radical resection of gastric cancer: analysis of a multi-institutional dataset. Dig Surg, 2020, 37(5): 401-410.
31. Sato B, Kanda M, Tanaka C, et al. Significance of preoperative systemic inflammation score in short-term and long-term outcomes of patients with pathological T2-4 gastric cancer after radical gastrectomy. World J Surg, 2018, 42(10): 3277-3285.
32. Kanda M, Fujii T, Kodera Y, et al. Nutritional predictors of postoperative outcome in pancreatic cancer. Br J Surg, 2011, 98(2): 268-274.
33. Inaoka K, Kanda M, Uda H, et al. Clinical utility of the platelet-lymphocyte ratio as a predictor of postoperative complications after radical gastrectomy for clinical T2-4 gastric cancer. World J Gastroenterol, 2017, 23(14): 2519-2526.
34. Chan JC, Chan DL, Diakos CI, et al. The lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio is a superior predictor of overall survival in comparison to established biomarkers of resectable colorectal cancer. Ann Surg, 2017, 265(3): 539-546.
35. 孙伟. 胃癌根治术后肺部感染的血清炎症指标、病原菌分布及危险因素. 临床与病理杂志, 2021, 41(8): 1748-1752.
36. Madouri F, Barada O, Kervoaze G, et al. Production of interleukin-20 cytokines limits bacterial clearance and lung inflammation during infection by Streptococcus pneumoniae. EBioMedicine, 2018, 37: 417-427.
37. Suzuki H, Matsuda Y, Noda M, et al. Management of de novo mycobacterial infection after lung transplantation without rifampicin: case series of a single institution. Transplant Proc, 2018, 50(9): 2764-2767.
38. Stojanovic J, Tognetto A, Tiziano DF, et al. MicroRNAs expression profiles as diagnostic biomarkers of gastric cancer: a systematic literature review. Biomarkers, 2019, 24(2): 110-119.
39. 王鑫, 姜波, 刘世育, 等. 脂肪因子对2型糖尿病合并胃癌患者预后的影响. 胃肠病学和肝病学杂志, 2019, 28(10): 1128-1133.
40. Zekavat SM, Honigberg M, Pirruccello JP, et al. Elevated blood pressure increases pneumonia risk: epidemiological association and mendelian randomization in the UK biobank. Med (NY), 2021, 2(2): 137-148.
41. Jin X, Wu S, Bai Y. Risk factors and characteristics of bacterial infection during first-line chemotherapy for metastatic gastric or gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma. Support Care Cancer, 2022, 30(3): 2121-2129.
42. Meng Y, Zhao P, Yong R. Modified frailty index independently predicts postoperative pulmonary infection in elderly patients undergoing radical gastrectomy for gastric cancer. Cancer Manag Res, 2021, 13: 9117-9126.
43. Bellumkonda L, Tyrrell D, Hummel SL, et al. Pathophysiology of heart failure and frailty: a common inflammatory origin? Aging Cell, 2017, 16(3): 444-450.
44. 王泽华, 胡文庆, 郭焱, 等. 全身麻醉复合硬膜外麻醉对胃癌根治术患者肺功能及术后肺部感染的影响. 中华医院感染学杂志, 2017, 27(6): 1301-1304.
45. Xiao H, Zhou H, Liu K, et al. Development and validation of a prognostic nomogram for predicting post-operative pulmonary infection in gastric cancer patients following radical gastrectomy. Sci Rep, 2019, 9(1): 14587. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-51227-4.
46. Kimura R, Moriyama T, Ohuchida K, et al. Risk factors for postoperative pneumonia after laparoscopic gastrectomy in patients aged 75 years and over with gastric cancer. Asian J Endosc Surg, 2021, 14(3): 408-416.
47. Takaki M, Nakama T, Ishida M, et al. High incidence of community-acquired pneumonia among rapidly aging population in Japan: a prospective hospital-based surveillance. Jpn J Infect Dis, 2014, 67(4): 269-275.
48. Chang Y, An H, Xu L, et al. Systemic inflammation score predicts postoperative prognosis of patients with clear-cell renal cell carcinoma. Br J Cancer, 2015, 113(4): 626-633.
49. Miki Y, Makuuchi R, Tokunaga M, et al. Risk factors for postoperative pneumonia after gastrectomy for gastric cancer. Today, 2016, 46(5): 552-556.
50. Semple JW, Rebetz J, Kapur R. Transfusion-associated circulatory overload and transfusion-related acute lung injury. Blood, 2019, 133(17): 1840-1853.
51. 贾小安. 腹腔镜下毕Ⅱ胃癌根治术后并发空肠梗阻等并发症的危险因素分析与处理. 中国内镜杂志, 2017, 23(2): 34-36.
52. 朱志贤, 李靖锋, 唐俊, 等. 老年胃癌根治术病人术后肺部感染的影响因素分析. 实用老年医学, 2021, 35(1): 57-60.
53. 王明欣, 梁爱新, 高倩, 等. 胃癌患者术后肺部感染危险因素的Meta分析. 现代消化及介入诊疗, 2022, 27(3): 334-338, 329.
54. Oodit R, Biccard BM, Panieri E, et al. Guidelines for perioperative care in elective abdominal and pelvic surgery at primary and secondary hospitals in low-middle-income countries (LMIC’s): Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) Society Recommendation. World J Surg, 2022, 46(8): 1826-1843.
55. 中华医学会外科学分会, 中华医学会麻醉学分会. 加速康复外科中国专家共识及路径管理指南(2018版). 中国实用外科杂志, 2018, 38(1): 1-20.
56. Cassidy MR, Rosenkranz P, McCabe K, et al. I COUGH: reducing postoperative pulmonary complications with a multidisciplinary patient care program. JAMA Surg, 2013, 148(8): 740-745.
57. Wren SM, Martin M, Yoon JK, et al. Postoperative pneumonia-prevention program for the inpatient surgical ward. J Am Coll Surg, 2010, 210(4): 491-495.
58. Dumas A, Bernard L, Poquet Y, et al. The role of the lung microbiota and the gut-lung axis in respiratory infectious diseases. Cell Microbiol, 2018, 20(12): e12966. doi: 10.1111/cmi.12966.
59. Wang H, Lian P, Niu X, et al. TLR4 deficiency reduces pulmonary resistance to Streptococcus pneumoniae in gut microbiota-disrupted mice. PLoS One, 2018, 13(12): e0209183. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0209183.
60. Samuelson DR, Welsh DA, Shellito JE. Regulation of lung immunity and host defense by the intestinal microbiota. Front Microbiol, 2015, 6: 1085. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.01085.

Previous Article
Safety and feasibility of thoracic surgery for high-altitude patients in the high-altitude medical center

CHINESE JOURNAL OF BASES AND CLINICS IN GENERAL SURGERY

Research progress on factors contributing to pulmonary infection after gastric cancer surgery

Abstract Full text Figures/Tables Video References Cited by

Previous Article

Format

Content